From 51092bb4cb97c54aab172643bdf33066fc10a7c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Wuttke <p.wuttke@dsfishlabs.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 18:21:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Added splitView() and splitLines() to string utility
 functions.

---
 source/mijin/util/string.hpp | 448 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 423 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/source/mijin/util/string.hpp b/source/mijin/util/string.hpp
index 33cacad..42f1365 100644
--- a/source/mijin/util/string.hpp
+++ b/source/mijin/util/string.hpp
@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@ namespace mijin
 // public constants
 //
 
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename TChar>
+static constexpr std::array DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA = {TChar(' '), TChar('\t'), TChar('\r'), TChar('\n')};
+}
+
+template<typename TChar>
+static const std::basic_string_view<TChar, std::char_traits<TChar>> DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS
+    = {detail::DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA<TChar>.begin(), detail::DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA<TChar>.end()};
+
 //
 // public traits
 //
@@ -98,6 +108,361 @@ struct SplitOptions
     bool ignoreEmpty = true;
 };
 
+struct [[nodiscard]] ConvertCharTypeResult
+{
+    unsigned numRead = 0;
+    unsigned numWritten = 0;
+
+    constexpr operator bool() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return numRead != 0 || numWritten != 0;
+    }
+    constexpr bool operator !() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return !static_cast<bool>(*this);
+    }
+};
+
+struct SplitViewOptions
+{
+    bool ignoreEmpty = true;
+    bool trim = false;
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, TChar splitAt, SplitViewOptions options = SplitViewOptions(), typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>>
+struct SplitStringTraitsCT
+{
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using string_view_t = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>;
+
+    static constexpr char_t getSplitAt() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return splitAt; }
+    static constexpr bool getIgnoreEmpty() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return options.ignoreEmpty; }
+    static constexpr bool getTrim() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return options.trim; }
+    static constexpr auto getTrimChars() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<char_t>; }
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>>
+struct SplitStringTraitsRT
+{
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using string_view_t = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>;
+
+    char_t splitAt;
+    bool ignoreEmpty;
+    string_view_t trimChars = {};
+
+    constexpr char_t getSplitAt() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return splitAt; }
+    constexpr bool getIgnoreEmpty() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return ignoreEmpty; }
+    constexpr bool getTrim() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return !trimChars.empty(); }
+    constexpr string_view_t getTrimChars() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return trimChars; }
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename TChar>
+concept SplitStringTraitsType = std::is_copy_constructible_v<T> && requires(const T& object)
+{
+    typename T::char_t;
+    typename T::string_view_t;
+    { object.getSplitAt() } -> std::convertible_to<TChar>;
+    { object.getIgnoreEmpty() } -> std::convertible_to<bool>;
+    { object.getTrim() } -> std::convertible_to<bool>;
+    { object.getTrimChars() } -> std::convertible_to<typename T::string_view_t>;
+};
+static_assert(SplitStringTraitsType<SplitStringTraitsCT<char, ' '>, char>);
+static_assert(SplitStringTraitsType<SplitStringTraitsRT<char>, char>);
+
+template<typename TChar, typename TLine, SplitViewOptions options = SplitViewOptions(), typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>>
+struct SplitLineTraitsCT : SplitStringTraitsCT<TChar, '\n', options, TCharTraits>
+{
+    using base_t = SplitStringTraitsCT<TChar, '\n', options, TCharTraits>;
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using line_t = TLine;
+
+    line_t line = 1;
+
+    using base_t::getSplitAt;
+    using base_t::getIgnoreEmpty;
+    using base_t::getTrim;
+    using base_t::getTrimChars;
+    constexpr void onNext() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT {
+        ++line;
+    }
+    constexpr line_t getLine() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return line; }
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, typename TLine, typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>>
+struct SplitLineTraitsRT
+{
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using line_t = TLine;
+    using string_view_t = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>;
+    
+    line_t line = 1;
+    bool ignoreEmpty;
+    string_view_t trimChars = {};
+
+    constexpr char_t getSplitAt() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return '\n'; }
+    constexpr bool getIgnoreEmpty() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return ignoreEmpty; }
+    constexpr bool getTrim() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return !trimChars.empty(); }
+    constexpr string_view_t getTrimChars() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return trimChars; }
+    constexpr line_t getLine() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return line; }
+    constexpr void onNext() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT {
+        ++line;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename TChar, typename TLine>
+concept SplitLineTraitsType = SplitStringTraitsType<T, TChar> && requires (const T& object)
+{
+    { object.getLine() } -> std::convertible_to<TLine>;
+};
+static_assert(SplitLineTraitsType<SplitLineTraitsCT<char, unsigned>, char, unsigned>);
+static_assert(SplitLineTraitsType<SplitLineTraitsRT<char, unsigned>, char, unsigned>);
+
+template<typename TString, typename TChars>
+[[nodiscard]]
+auto trim(TString&& string, TChars&& chars);
+
+template<typename TChar, SplitStringTraitsType<TChar> TTraits>
+class SplitStringIterator
+{
+public:
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using traits_t = TTraits;
+    using string_view_t = traits_t::string_view_t;
+    using base_t = string_view_t::iterator;
+    using value_type = string_view_t;
+private:
+    [[no_unique_address]] traits_t traits_;
+
+    string_view_t full_;
+    string_view_t::iterator pos_;
+    string_view_t::iterator next_;
+    
+public:
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator(string_view_t full, base_t pos, traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+            : full_(full), pos_(pos), traits_(std::move(traits))
+    {
+        findNext();
+    }
+    constexpr explicit SplitStringIterator(traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+        : traits_(std::move(traits)) {}
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator(const SplitStringIterator&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator(SplitStringIterator&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator& operator=(const SplitStringIterator&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator& operator=(SplitStringIterator&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+
+    constexpr bool operator==(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ == other.pos_; }
+    constexpr bool operator!=(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ != other.pos_; }
+    constexpr bool operator<(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ < other.pos_; }
+    constexpr bool operator<=(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ <= other.pos_; }
+    constexpr bool operator>(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ > other.pos_; }
+    constexpr bool operator>=(const SplitStringIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { MIJIN_ASSERT(full_ == other.full_, "Comparing unrelated iterators."); return pos_ >= other.pos_; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    traits_t& getTraits() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return traits_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    const traits_t& getTraits() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return traits_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr value_type operator*() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        MIJIN_ASSERT(pos_ != full_.end(), "Dereferencing an invalid iterator.");
+        string_view_t result{pos_, next_};
+        if (traits_.getTrim())
+        {
+            result = trim(result, traits_.getTrimChars());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator& operator++() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        MIJIN_ASSERT(pos_ != full_.end(), "Iterating past end.");
+        if (next_ == full_.end()) {
+            pos_ = full_.end();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pos_ = std::next(next_);
+            findNext();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr SplitStringIterator operator++(int) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        SplitStringIterator copy(*this);
+        ++copy;
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    // TODO
+    // SplitStringIterator& operator--() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    // {
+    //     MIJIN_ASSERT(pos_ != full_.begin(), "Iterating past begin.");
+    //     next_ = std::prev(pos_);
+    //     pos_ = std::find(std::reverse_iterator(next_), std::reverse_iterator(full_.begin()), separator).base();
+    // }
+private:
+    constexpr void findNext()
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if constexpr (requires{{ traits_.onNext() };}) {
+                traits_.onNext();
+            }
+            next_ = std::find(pos_, full_.end(), traits_.getSplitAt());
+
+            if (!traits_.getIgnoreEmpty() || pos_ == full_.end()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (traits_.getTrim())
+            {
+                const string_view_t trimChars = traits_.getTrimChars();
+                typename string_view_t::iterator trimmedPos = std::find_if(pos_, next_, [&](char_t chr)
+                {
+                    return !trimChars.contains(chr);
+                });
+                if (trimmedPos == next_)
+                {
+                    pos_ = next_; // skip this part
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (pos_ != next_) {
+                break;
+            }
+            pos_ = std::next(pos_);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, SplitStringTraitsType<TChar> TTraits>
+class SplitStringRange
+{
+public:
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using traits_t = TTraits;
+    using string_view_t = traits_t::string_view_t;
+    using iterator = SplitStringIterator<char_t, traits_t>;
+private:
+    [[no_unique_address]] traits_t traits_;
+    string_view_t stringView_;
+public:
+    constexpr explicit SplitStringRange(string_view_t stringView, traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+        : stringView_(stringView), traits_(std::move(traits)) {}
+    constexpr SplitStringRange(const SplitStringRange&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringRange(SplitStringRange&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringRange& operator=(const SplitStringRange&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr SplitStringRange& operator=(SplitStringRange&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SplitStringRange&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr iterator begin() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+    {
+        return iterator(stringView_, stringView_.begin(), traits_);
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator end() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+    {
+        return iterator(stringView_, stringView_.end(), traits_);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, typename TLine = unsigned, SplitLineTraitsType<TChar, TLine> TTraits = SplitLineTraitsCT<TChar, TLine>>
+class LineIterator
+{
+public:
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using line_t = TLine;
+    using traits_t = TTraits;
+    using base_t = SplitStringIterator<TChar, traits_t>;
+    using string_view_t = base_t::string_view_t;
+    using value_type = std::pair<string_view_t, line_t>;
+private:
+    base_t base_ = {};
+public:
+    constexpr LineIterator(string_view_t full, string_view_t::iterator pos, traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+        : base_(full, pos, std::move(traits)) {}
+    constexpr explicit LineIterator(traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+        : base_(std::move(traits)) {}
+    LineIterator(const LineIterator&) noexcept = default;
+    LineIterator(LineIterator&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    LineIterator& operator=(const LineIterator&) noexcept = default;
+    LineIterator& operator=(LineIterator&&) noexcept = default;
+    
+    bool operator==(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ == other.base_; }
+    bool operator!=(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ != other.base_; }
+    bool operator<(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ < other.base_; }
+    bool operator>(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ > other.base_; }
+    bool operator<=(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ <= other.base_; }
+    bool operator>=(const LineIterator& other) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT { return base_ >= other.base_; }
+    
+    constexpr value_type operator*() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        string_view_t stringView = *base_;
+        if (!base_.getTraits().getTrim())
+        {
+            // always split \r, even if not trimming other whitespace
+            if (stringView.ends_with('\r')) {
+                stringView = stringView.substr(0, stringView.size() - 1);
+            }
+        }
+        return {stringView, base_.getTraits().line};
+    }
+
+    constexpr LineIterator& operator++() MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        ++base_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr LineIterator operator++(int) const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        SplitStringIterator copy(*this);
+        ++copy;
+        return copy;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TChar, typename TLine = unsigned, SplitLineTraitsType<TChar, TLine> TTraits = SplitLineTraitsCT<TChar, TLine>>
+class LineRange
+{
+public:
+    using char_t = TChar;
+    using line_t = TLine;
+    using traits_t = TTraits;
+    using iterator = LineIterator<char_t, line_t, traits_t>;
+    using string_view_t = iterator::string_view_t;
+private:
+    [[no_unique_address]] traits_t traits_;
+    string_view_t stringView_;
+public:
+    constexpr explicit LineRange(string_view_t stringView, traits_t traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>)
+        : traits_(std::move(traits)), stringView_(stringView) {}
+    constexpr LineRange(const LineRange&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr LineRange(LineRange&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr LineRange& operator=(const LineRange&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr LineRange& operator=(LineRange&&) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<traits_t>) = default;
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const LineRange&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr iterator begin() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return iterator(stringView_, stringView_.begin(), traits_);
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator end() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return iterator(stringView_, stringView_.end(), traits_);
+    }
+};
+
 //
 // public functions
 //
@@ -273,13 +638,6 @@ std::basic_string_view<TChar, TTraits> trimImpl(std::basic_string_view<TChar, TT
 {
     return trimPrefixImpl(trimSuffixImpl(stringView, charsToTrim), charsToTrim);
 }
-
-template<typename TChar>
-static const std::array DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA = {TChar(' '), TChar('\t'), TChar('\r'), TChar('\n')};
-
-template<typename TChar>
-static const std::basic_string_view<TChar, std::char_traits<TChar>> DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS
-    = {DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA<TChar>.begin(), DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS_DATA<TChar>.end()};
 }
 
 template<typename TLeft, typename TRight>
@@ -296,6 +654,61 @@ template<std::size_t count, typename TLeft, typename TRight>
                                          std::basic_string_view(std::forward<TRight>(separator)), options, outNumResults);
 }
 
+template<typename TTraits, typename TChar> requires (SplitStringTraitsType<TTraits, TChar>)
+[[nodiscard]] SplitStringRange<TChar, TTraits> splitView(typename TTraits::string_view_t stringView, TTraits traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<TTraits>)
+{
+    return SplitStringRange<TChar, TTraits>(stringView, std::move(traits));
+}
+
+template<auto splitAt, SplitViewOptions options = SplitViewOptions(), typename TStringView, typename TChar = decltype(splitAt), typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>>
+[[nodiscard]] SplitStringRange<TChar, SplitStringTraitsCT<TChar, splitAt, options, TCharTraits>> splitView(TStringView&& stringView) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return splitView<SplitStringTraitsCT<TChar, splitAt, options, TCharTraits>>(std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>(std::forward<TStringView>(stringView)));
+}
+
+template<typename TStringView, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar>, typename TTrimChars = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>>
+[[nodiscard]] auto splitView(TStringView&& stringView, TChar splitAt, bool ignoreEmpty = true, TTrimChars trimChars = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return splitView(std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>(std::forward<TStringView>(stringView)), SplitStringTraitsRT<TChar, TCharTraits>{
+        .splitAt = splitAt,
+        .ignoreEmpty = ignoreEmpty,
+        .trimChars = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>(std::forward<TTrimChars>(trimChars))
+    });
+}
+
+template<typename TTraits, typename TChar, typename TLine = unsigned> requires(SplitLineTraitsType<TTraits, TChar, TLine>)
+[[nodiscard]] LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits> splitLines(typename TTraits::string_view_t stringView, TTraits traits = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT_IF(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<TTraits>)
+{
+    return LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits>(stringView, std::move(traits));
+}
+
+template<typename TLine = unsigned, SplitViewOptions options = SplitViewOptions{.ignoreEmpty=false},
+    typename TParam,
+    typename TStringView = decltype(std::basic_string_view(std::declval<TParam&&>())),
+    typename TChar = typename TStringView::value_type,
+    typename TCharTraits = typename TStringView::traits_type,
+    typename TTraits = SplitLineTraitsCT<TChar, TLine, options, TCharTraits>>
+[[nodiscard]]
+auto splitLines(TParam&& stringView) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT -> LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits>
+{
+    return LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits>(std::basic_string_view(std::forward<TParam>(stringView)));
+}
+
+template<typename TParam, typename TLine = unsigned,
+         typename TStringView = decltype(std::basic_string_view(std::declval<TParam&&>())),
+         typename TChar = typename TStringView::value_type,
+         typename TCharTraits = typename TStringView::traits_type,
+         typename TTraits = SplitLineTraitsRT<TChar, TLine, TCharTraits>,
+         typename TTrimChars = TStringView>
+[[nodiscard]]
+auto splitLines(TParam&& stringView, bool ignoreEmpty, TTrimChars&& trimChars = {}) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT -> LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits>
+{
+    return LineRange<TChar, TLine, TTraits>(std::basic_string_view(std::forward<TParam>(stringView)), TTraits{
+        .ignoreEmpty = ignoreEmpty,
+        .trimChars = std::basic_string_view<TChar, TCharTraits>(std::forward<TTrimChars>(trimChars))
+    });
+}
+
 template<typename TString, typename TChars>
 [[nodiscard]]
 auto trimPrefix(TString&& string, TChars&& chars)
@@ -307,7 +720,7 @@ template<typename TString>
 [[nodiscard]]
 auto trimPrefix(TString&& string)
 {
-    return trimPrefix(string, detail::DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
+    return trimPrefix(string, DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
 }
 
 template<typename TString, typename TChars>
@@ -321,7 +734,7 @@ template<typename TString>
 [[nodiscard]]
 auto trimSuffix(TString&& string)
 {
-    return trimSuffix(string, detail::DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
+    return trimSuffix(string, DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
 }
 
 template<typename TString, typename TChars>
@@ -335,7 +748,7 @@ template<typename TString>
 [[nodiscard]]
 auto trim(TString&& string)
 {
-    return trim(string, detail::DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
+    return trim(string, DEFAULT_TRIM_CHARS<str_char_type_t<TString>>);
 }
 
 template<typename TLeft, typename TRight>
@@ -487,21 +900,6 @@ auto operator|(TIterable&& iterable, const Join& joiner)
 }
 } // namespace pipe
 
-struct [[nodiscard]] ConvertCharTypeResult
-{
-    unsigned numRead = 0;
-    unsigned numWritten = 0;
-
-    constexpr operator bool() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
-    {
-        return numRead != 0 || numWritten != 0;
-    }
-    constexpr bool operator !() const MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
-    {
-        return !static_cast<bool>(*this);
-    }
-};
-
 template<typename TFrom, typename TTo>
 ConvertCharTypeResult convertCharType(const TFrom* chrFrom, std::size_t numFrom, TTo* outTo, std::size_t numTo, std::mbstate_t& mbstate) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
 {