diff --git a/source/mijin/io/process.cpp b/source/mijin/io/process.cpp
index de3ceaa..302bf22 100644
--- a/source/mijin/io/process.cpp
+++ b/source/mijin/io/process.cpp
@@ -168,12 +168,17 @@ std::string shellEscape(const std::string& arg) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
     return oss.str();
 }
 
-std::string makeShellCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
+std::string makeShellCommand(std::span<std::string_view> args) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT
 {
+    (void) args;
+    MIJIN_ERROR("TBD");
+    return {};
+#if 0
     using namespace mijin::pipe;
     return args
         | Map(&shellEscape)
         | Join(" ");
+#endif
 }
 } // namespace mijin
 #endif // MIJIN_TARGET_OS == MIJIN_OS_LINUX || MIJIN_TARGET_OS == MIJIN_OS_OSX
diff --git a/source/mijin/io/process.hpp b/source/mijin/io/process.hpp
index f150f09..1a2f933 100644
--- a/source/mijin/io/process.hpp
+++ b/source/mijin/io/process.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #if !defined(MIJIN_IO_PROCESS_HPP_INCLUDED)
 #define MIJIN_IO_PROCESS_HPP_INCLUDED 1
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 #include "./stream.hpp"
 #include "../internal/common.hpp"
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
     inline StreamError open(const std::string& command, FileOpenMode mode_) {
         return open(command.c_str(), mode_);
     }
-    inline StreamError open(const std::vector<std::string>& args, FileOpenMode mode_);
+    inline StreamError open(std::span<std::string_view> args, FileOpenMode mode_);
     int close();
     [[nodiscard]] inline bool isOpen() const { return handle != nullptr; }
 
@@ -36,13 +36,19 @@ public:
     StreamFeatures getFeatures() override;
 };
 
-[[nodiscard]] std::string shellEscape(const std::string& arg) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT;
-[[nodiscard]] std::string makeShellCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT;
+[[nodiscard]] std::string shellEscape(std::string_view arg) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT;
+[[nodiscard]] std::string makeShellCommand(std::span<std::string_view> args) MIJIN_NOEXCEPT;
 
-StreamError ProcessStream::open(const std::vector<std::string>& args, FileOpenMode mode_)
+StreamError ProcessStream::open(std::span<std::string_view> args, FileOpenMode mode_)
 {
     return open(makeShellCommand(args), mode_);
 }
+
+template<typename... TTypes>
+std::array<std::string_view, sizeof...(TTypes)> makeSVList(TTypes&&... args)
+{
+    return std::array{std::string_view(std::forward<TTypes>(args))...};
+}
 }
 
 #endif // MIJIN_IO_PROCESS_HPP_INCLUDED