diff --git a/source/mijin/util/iterators.hpp b/source/mijin/util/iterators.hpp
index b881bab..090bde8 100644
--- a/source/mijin/util/iterators.hpp
+++ b/source/mijin/util/iterators.hpp
@@ -5,9 +5,46 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <tuple>
+#include <variant>
 
 namespace mijin
 {
+struct RangeAdapter {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct RangeRef
+{
+    T& range;
+
+    decltype(auto) begin() const
+    {
+        return std::begin(range);
+    }
+
+    decltype(auto) end() const
+    {
+        return std::end(range);
+    }
+};
+template<typename T>
+concept RangeAdapterType = std::is_base_of_v<RangeAdapter, T>;
+
+template<RangeAdapterType T>
+struct RangeRef<T>
+{
+    T range;
+
+    decltype(auto) begin() const
+    {
+        return range.begin();
+    }
+
+    decltype(auto) end() const
+    {
+        return range.end();
+    }
+};
+
 template<typename TIdx, typename TIterator>
 struct EnumeratingIterator
 {
@@ -66,9 +103,9 @@ template<typename TIdx, typename TIterator>
 EnumeratingIterator(TIdx, TIterator) -> EnumeratingIterator<TIdx, TIterator>;
 
 template<typename TIdx, typename TIterable>
-struct Enumeratable
+struct Enumeratable : RangeAdapter
 {
-    TIterable& base;
+    RangeRef<TIterable> base;
 
     auto begin() const noexcept
     {
@@ -82,9 +119,232 @@ struct Enumeratable
 };
 
 template<typename TIdx = std::size_t, typename TIterable>
-Enumeratable<TIdx, TIterable> enumerate(TIterable& iterable)
+Enumeratable<TIdx, TIterable> enumerate(TIterable&& iterable)
 {
-    return {iterable};
+    return {.base = {std::forward<TIterable>(iterable)}};
+}
+
+template<typename TIterator>
+struct ReplacingIterator
+{
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<TIterator>::value_type;
+    using pointer = std::add_const_t<value_type>*;
+    using reference = std::add_const_t<value_type>&;
+    using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag; // TODO?
+
+    TIterator base;
+    value_type what;
+    value_type with;
+
+    ReplacingIterator(TIterator base_, value_type what_, value_type with_) noexcept : base(base_), what(what_), with(with_) {}
+    ReplacingIterator(const ReplacingIterator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ReplacingIterator& operator=(const ReplacingIterator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    pointer operator->() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (*base == what) {
+            return &with;
+        }
+        return &*base;
+    }
+
+    reference operator*() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (*base == what) {
+            return with;
+        }
+        return *base;
+    }
+
+    ReplacingIterator& operator++() noexcept
+    {
+        ++base;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ReplacingIterator operator++(int) noexcept
+    {
+        ReplacingIterator copy(*this);
+        ++(*this);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    ReplacingIterator& operator--() noexcept
+    {
+        --base;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ReplacingIterator operator--(int) noexcept
+    {
+        EnumeratingIterator copy(*this);
+        --(*this);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const ReplacingIterator& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return what == other.what && with == other.with && base == other.base;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const ReplacingIterator& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TIterable>
+struct ReplacingRange : RangeAdapter
+{
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<decltype(std::begin(std::declval<TIterable>()))>::value_type;
+    
+    RangeRef<TIterable> base;
+    value_type what;
+    value_type with;
+
+    auto begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return ReplacingIterator(base.begin(), what, with);
+    }
+
+    auto end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return ReplacingIterator(base.end(), what, with);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TIterable>
+auto replace(
+    TIterable&& iterable,
+    typename std::iterator_traits<decltype(std::begin(std::declval<TIterable>()))>::value_type what,
+    typename std::iterator_traits<decltype(std::begin(std::declval<TIterable>()))>::value_type with)
+{
+    return ReplacingRange<TIterable>{
+        .base = {std::forward<TIterable>(iterable)},
+        .what = std::move(what),
+        .with = std::move(with)
+    };
+}
+
+template<typename TFirstIterator, typename TSecondIterator>
+struct ChainingIterator
+{
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<TFirstIterator>::value_type;
+    using pointer = std::add_const_t<value_type>*;
+    using reference = std::add_const_t<value_type>&;
+    using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag; // TODO?
+
+    TFirstIterator firstBase;
+    TFirstIterator firstEnd;
+    TSecondIterator secondBase;
+    TSecondIterator secondBegin;
+
+    ChainingIterator(TFirstIterator firstBase_, TFirstIterator firstEnd_, TSecondIterator secondBase_, TSecondIterator secondBegin_) noexcept
+        : firstBase(firstBase_), firstEnd(firstEnd_), secondBase(secondBase_), secondBegin(secondBegin_) {}
+    ChainingIterator(const ChainingIterator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ChainingIterator& operator=(const ChainingIterator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    pointer operator->() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (firstBase == firstEnd)
+        {
+            return &*secondBase;
+        }
+        return &*firstBase;
+    }
+
+    reference operator*() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (firstBase == firstEnd)
+        {
+            return *secondBase;
+        }
+        return *firstBase;
+    }
+
+    ChainingIterator& operator++() noexcept
+    {
+        if (firstBase == firstEnd) {
+            ++secondBase;
+        }
+        else {
+            ++firstBase;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ChainingIterator operator++(int) noexcept
+    {
+        ChainingIterator copy(*this);
+        ++(*this);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    ChainingIterator& operator--() noexcept
+    {
+        if (secondBase == secondBegin) {
+            --firstBase;
+        }
+        else {
+            --secondBase;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ChainingIterator operator--(int) noexcept
+    {
+        ChainingIterator copy(*this);
+        --(*this);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const ChainingIterator& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return firstBase == other.firstBase && secondBase == other.secondBase; // should be enough
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const ChainingIterator& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TFirstRange, typename TSecondRange>
+struct ChainedRange : RangeAdapter
+{
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<decltype(std::begin(std::declval<TFirstRange>()))>::value_type;
+    
+    RangeRef<TFirstRange> first;
+    RangeRef<TSecondRange> second;
+
+    auto begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return ChainingIterator(first.begin(), first.end(), second.begin(), second.begin());
+    }
+
+    auto end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return ChainingIterator(first.end(), first.end(), second.end(), second.begin());
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename TFirstRange, typename TSecondRange>
+auto chain(TFirstRange&& firstRange, TSecondRange&& secondRange)
+{
+    return ChainedRange<TFirstRange, TSecondRange>{
+        .first = {std::forward<TFirstRange>(firstRange)},
+        .second = {std::forward<TSecondRange>(secondRange)}
+    };
+}
+
+template<typename TFirstRange, typename TSecondRange, typename... TMoreRanges>
+auto chain(TFirstRange&& firstRange, TSecondRange&& secondRange, TMoreRanges&&... moreRanges)
+{
+    return chain(std::forward<TFirstRange>(firstRange), chain(std::forward<TSecondRange>(secondRange), std::forward<TMoreRanges>(moreRanges)...));
 }
 } // namespace mijin