diff --git a/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp b/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp
index 91daf849..f44ceb93 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ namespace nana{
 
 			void _m_render_edge_nimbus(core_window_t* wd, const nana::rectangle & visual)
 			{
-				nana::rectangle r(visual);
+				auto r = visual;
 				r.pare_off(-static_cast<int>(weight()));
-				nana::rectangle good_r;
-				if(overlap(r, wd->root_graph->size(), good_r))
+				rectangle good_r;
+				if (overlap(r, rectangle{ wd->root_graph->size() }, good_r))
 				{
 					if(	(good_r.x < wd->pos_root.x) || (good_r.y < wd->pos_root.y) ||
 						(good_r.x + good_r.width > visual.x + visual.width) || (good_r.y + good_r.height > visual.y + visual.height))
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp b/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp
index 1a4bf972..618115dc 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace nana
 	class event_arg
 	{
 	public:
-		virtual ~event_arg();
+		virtual ~event_arg() = default;
 
         /// ignorable handlers behind the current one in a chain of event handlers will not get called.
 		void stop_propagation() const;
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp
index 024c12ce..beae23ee 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 		virtual void nontext_render(graph_reference graph, int x, int y) override
 		{
 			if(size_ != image_.size())
-				image_.stretch(image_.size(), graph, nana::rectangle(x, y, size_.width, size_.height));
+				image_.stretch(::nana::rectangle{ image_.size() }, graph, nana::rectangle(x, y, size_.width, size_.height));
 			else
 				image_.paste(graph, x, y);
 		}
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp b/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp
index 9f7cac45..67bb3cc8 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace nana
 		
 		point pos() const;
 		void move(int x, int y);
-		//void move(const point&);
+		void move(const point&);
 		void move(const rectangle&);
 
 		void fgcolor(const nana::color&);
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp b/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp
index c73d4cde..c102c20a 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ namespace nana
 	//end class internal_scope_guard
 
 	//class event_arg
-	event_arg::~event_arg(){}
-
 	void event_arg::stop_propagation() const
 	{
 		stop_propagation_ = true;
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp b/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp
index 3b9702a3..fe5695b7 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ namespace nana
 		void drawer::_m_bground_end()
 		{
 			if(core_window_->effect.bground && core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate >= 0.01)
-				core_window_->other.glass_buffer.blend(core_window_->other.glass_buffer.size(), graphics, nana::point(), core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate);
+				core_window_->other.glass_buffer.blend(::nana::rectangle{ core_window_->other.glass_buffer.size() }, graphics, nana::point(), core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate);
 		}
 
 		void drawer::_m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object()
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp b/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
index 0101a804..8d33f2b1 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace nana{
 				}
 			}
 #endif
-			return primary_monitor_size();
+			return rectangle{ primary_monitor_size() };
 		}
 
 		//platform-dependent
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp b/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp
index 46670951..e8cd1f60 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ namespace nana
 						beg = beg->parent;
 					}
 
-					glass_buffer.bitblt(wd->dimension, beg->drawer.graphics, wd->pos_root - beg->pos_root);
+					glass_buffer.bitblt(::nana::rectangle{ wd->dimension }, beg->drawer.graphics, wd->pos_root - beg->pos_root);
 					
 					nana::rectangle r(wd->pos_owner, wd->dimension);
 					for (auto i = layers.rbegin(), layers_rend = layers.rend(); i != layers_rend; ++i)
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}
 				else
-					glass_buffer.bitblt(wd->dimension, wd->parent->drawer.graphics, wd->pos_owner);
+					glass_buffer.bitblt(::nana::rectangle{ wd->dimension }, wd->parent->drawer.graphics, wd->pos_owner);
 
 				const rectangle r_of_wd{ wd->pos_owner, wd->dimension };
 				for (auto child : wd->parent->children)
diff --git a/source/gui/effects.cpp b/source/gui/effects.cpp
index 3570fa21..7ab15482 100644
--- a/source/gui/effects.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/effects.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 					if(fade_rate_ < 0.001)
 						return;
-					graph.blend(graph.size(), API::bgcolor(wd), fade_rate_);
+					graph.blend(::nana::rectangle{ graph.size() }, API::bgcolor(wd), fade_rate_);
 				}
 			private:
 				const double fade_rate_;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 				void take_effect(window, graph_reference graph) const
 				{
-					graph.blur(graph.size(), radius_);
+					graph.blur(::nana::rectangle{ graph.size() }, radius_);
 				}
 			private:
 				const std::size_t radius_;
diff --git a/source/gui/layout_utility.cpp b/source/gui/layout_utility.cpp
index 8ab4c9b9..c81273b3 100644
--- a/source/gui/layout_utility.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/layout_utility.cpp
@@ -52,11 +52,13 @@ namespace nana
 
 	bool overlap(const rectangle& ir, const size& valid_input_area, const rectangle & dr, const size& valid_dst_area, rectangle& op_ir, rectangle& op_dr)
 	{
-		if(overlap(ir, valid_input_area, op_ir) == false)
+		rectangle valid_r{ valid_input_area };
+		if (overlap(ir, valid_r, op_ir) == false)
 			return false;
 
+		valid_r = valid_dst_area;
 		rectangle good_dr;
-		if(overlap(dr, valid_dst_area, good_dr) == false)
+		if (overlap(dr, valid_r, good_dr) == false)
 			return false;
 
 		zoom(ir, op_ir, dr, op_dr);
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp
index 63d8e810..f1c24564 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 			else
 				e_state = element_state::disabled;
 
-			if (false == cite_.draw(graph, attr_.bgcolor, attr_.fgcolor, graph.size(), e_state))
+			if (false == cite_.draw(graph, attr_.bgcolor, attr_.fgcolor, ::nana::rectangle{ graph.size() }, e_state))
 			{
 				if (bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(wdg_->handle()))
 				{
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
index b1d401f5..5f8498f7 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 
 					nana::point pos((image_pixels_ - imgsz.width) / 2 + 2, (vpix - imgsz.height) / 2 + 2);
-					img.stretch(img.size(), *graph_, nana::rectangle(pos, imgsz));
+					img.stretch(::nana::rectangle{ img.size() }, *graph_, nana::rectangle(pos, imgsz));
 				}
 			private:
 				std::vector<std::shared_ptr<item>> items_;
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp
index 3f1818ca..6679d3d0 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ namespace nana
 							r.y = static_cast<int>(newbuf.height() - r.height) / 2;
 							newbuf.stretch(nzbuf, r);
 
-							nzbuf.blend(nzbuf.size(), dzbuf, nana::point(), fade * (count - i));
+							nzbuf.blend(::nana::rectangle{ nzbuf.size() }, dzbuf, nana::point(), fade * (count - i));
 							graph.bitblt(refpos.x, refpos.y, dzbuf);
 
 							API::update_window(*widget_);
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ namespace nana
 							nzbuf.rectangle(true, colors::white);
 							newbuf.stretch(nzbuf, r);
 
-							nzbuf.blend(nzbuf.size(), dzbuf, nana::point(), fade * (count - i));
+							nzbuf.blend(::nana::rectangle{ nzbuf.size() }, dzbuf, nana::point(), fade * (count - i));
 							graph.bitblt(refpos.x, refpos.y, dzbuf);
 
 							API::update_window(*widget_);
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp
index 8af19e43..5cdd2cf2 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace nana
 							nana::point to_pos(x, r.y + 2);
 							to_pos.x += (image_pixels_ - imgsz.width) / 2;
 							to_pos.y += (vpix - imgsz.height) / 2;
-							item->image().stretch(item->image().size(), graph, nana::rectangle(to_pos, imgsz));
+							item->image().stretch(::nana::rectangle{ item->image().size() }, graph, nana::rectangle(to_pos, imgsz));
 						}
 						x += (image_pixels_ + 2);
 					}
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
index e32908e0..556e1faf 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
@@ -1919,10 +1919,13 @@ namespace nana
 					void hovered(index_type pos) override
 					{
 						auto offset = ess_->lister.distance(ess_->scroll.offset_y_dpl, pos);
-						ess_->pointer_where.first = parts::lister;
-						ess_->pointer_where.second = offset;
 
-						ess_->update();
+						if (ess_->pointer_where.first != parts::lister || ess_->pointer_where.second != offset)
+						{
+							ess_->pointer_where.first = parts::lister;
+							ess_->pointer_where.second = offset;
+							ess_->update();
+						}
 					}
 				private:
 					essence_t * const ess_;
@@ -2386,8 +2389,12 @@ namespace nana
 					auto i = inline_buffered_table.find(factory);
 					if (i != inline_buffered_table.end())
 					{
-						if (!i->second.empty())
-							pane_ptr = std::move(i->second.front());
+						auto & panes = i->second;
+						if (!panes.empty())
+						{
+							pane_ptr = std::move(panes.front());
+							panes.pop_front();
+						}
 					}
 
 					if (!pane_ptr)
@@ -3034,7 +3041,7 @@ namespace nana
 								if (y < content_r.y)
 									pane_pos.y = y - content_r.y;
 
-								inline_wdg->pane_widget.move(pane_pos.x, pane_pos.y);
+								inline_wdg->pane_widget.move(pane_pos);
 								inline_wdg->pane_bottom.move(pane_r);
 							}
 							else
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/picture.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/picture.cpp
index 64903ed5..707edce5 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/picture.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/picture.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 						_m_draw_background(fit_size.width, fit_size.height);
 
-						backimg.image.stretch(valid_area, graph, { pos, fit_size });
+						backimg.image.stretch(valid_area, graph, ::nana::rectangle{ pos, fit_size });
 					}
 					else
 					{
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ namespace nana
 					_m_draw_background(graphsize.width, graphsize.height);
 
 					color invalid_clr_for_call;
-					backimg.bground->draw(graph, invalid_clr_for_call, invalid_clr_for_call, graphsize, element_state::normal);
+					backimg.bground->draw(graph, invalid_clr_for_call, invalid_clr_for_call, rectangle{ graphsize }, element_state::normal);
 				}
 
 				graph.setsta();
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace nana
 						else if (bground.gradual_from == bground.gradual_to)
 							graph->rectangle(true, bground.gradual_from);
 						else
-							graph->gradual_rectangle(graph->size(), bground.gradual_from, bground.gradual_to, !bground.horizontal);
+							graph->gradual_rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ graph->size() }, bground.gradual_from, bground.gradual_to, !bground.horizontal);
 					}
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/progress.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/progress.cpp
index 4459ddb1..3baaf0d0 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/progress.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/progress.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 			void trigger::_m_draw_box(graph_reference graph)
 			{
-				rectangle r = graph.size();
+				rectangle r{ graph.size() };
 				graph.gradual_rectangle(r, colors::button_face_shadow_end, colors::button_face_shadow_start, true);
 				::nana::color lt{ colors::gray }, rb{colors::white};
 				graph.frame_rectangle(r, lt, lt, rb, rb);
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/scroll.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/scroll.cpp
index b6d466fb..6c85a2ad 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/scroll.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/scroll.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 				_m_background(graph);
 
-				rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, graph.size());
+				rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, ::nana::rectangle{ graph.size() });
 				r.x_ref() = static_cast<int>(r.w() - fixedsize);
 				r.w_ref() = fixedsize;
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace nana
 				if (!metrics_.pressed || !_m_check())
 					return;
 				
-				nana::rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, graph.size());
+				nana::rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, ::nana::rectangle{ graph.size() });
 				if(metrics_.what == buttons::forward)
 				{
 					r.x_ref() = static_cast<int>(fixedsize);
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				if(_m_check())
 				{
-					rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, graph.size());
+					rectangle_rotator r(vertical_, rectangle{ graph.size() });
 					r.x_ref() = static_cast<int>(fixedsize + metrics_.scroll_pos);
 					r.w_ref() = static_cast<unsigned>(metrics_.scroll_length);
 
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
index 0a2f9261..a7f05a56 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 				if (!API::widget_borderless(this->window_))
 				{
 					::nana::facade<element::border> facade;
-					facade.draw(graph, bgcolor, API::fgcolor(this->window_), API::window_size(this->window_), API::element_state(this->window_));
+					facade.draw(graph, bgcolor, API::fgcolor(this->window_), ::nana::rectangle{ API::window_size(this->window_) }, API::element_state(this->window_));
 				}
 			};
 		}
@@ -2775,12 +2775,12 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 						{
 							//draw the whole text if it is a RTL text, because Arbic language is transformable.
 							canvas.string({}, str, len);
-							graph_.bitblt({ ent_pos, ::nana::size{ ent_pixels, canvas.height() } }, canvas, ::nana::point{ ent_off, 0 });
+							graph_.bitblt(::nana::rectangle{ ent_pos, ::nana::size{ ent_pixels, canvas.height() } }, canvas, ::nana::point{ ent_off, 0 });
 						}
 						else
 						{
 							canvas.string({}, ent_begin, ent_end - ent_begin);
-							graph_.bitblt({ ent_pos, ::nana::size{ ent_pixels, canvas.height() } }, canvas);
+							graph_.bitblt(::nana::rectangle{ ent_pos, ::nana::size{ ent_pixels, canvas.height() } }, canvas);
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -2830,7 +2830,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 						if (selected)
 						{
 							graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
-							graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+							graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 							graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, len);
 						}
 						else
@@ -2839,7 +2839,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 					text_pos.x += static_cast<int>(str_w);
 				}
 				if (selected)
-					graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { whitespace_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+					graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { whitespace_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -2876,7 +2876,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 								//selected all
 								if (a.x <= pos && str_end <= b.x)
 								{
-									graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+									graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 									graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 									graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, len);
 								}
@@ -2906,7 +2906,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 										part_pos.x += static_cast<int>(head_w);
 
 										//Draw selected part
-										graph_.rectangle({ part_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+										graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ part_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 										graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 										graph_.string(part_pos, ent.begin + (a.x - pos), endpos - a.x);
 
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 								else
 								{	//LTR
 									//Draw selected part
-									graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+									graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 									graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 									graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, endpos - pos);
 
@@ -2957,7 +2957,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 								if (a.x < pos)
 								{
 									//Draw selected all
-									graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true, { 0x33, 0x99, 0xFF });
+									graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true, static_cast<color_rgb>(0x3399FF));
 									graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 									graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, len);
 								}
@@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 									::nana::point part_pos{ text_pos.x + static_cast<int>(head_w), text_pos.y };
 
 									//Draw selected part
-									graph_.rectangle({ part_pos, {str_w - head_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+									graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ part_pos, {str_w - head_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 									graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 									graph_.string(part_pos, ent.begin + a.x - pos, len - (a.x - pos));
 								}
@@ -2991,7 +2991,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 					if (str_pos.y < b.y)
 					{
 						if (a.y < str_pos.y || ((a.y == str_pos.y) && (a.x <= str_pos.x )))
-							graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { whitespace_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+							graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { whitespace_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 					}
 				}
 				else if (b.y == str_pos.y)
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 							if (pos + len <= b.x)
 							{
 								//Draw selected part
-								graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+								graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { str_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 								graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 								graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, len);
 							}
@@ -3021,7 +3021,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 								else
 								{
 									//draw selected part
-									graph_.rectangle({ text_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
+									graph_.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ text_pos, { sel_w, line_h_pixels } }, true);
 									graph_.set_text_color(scheme_->selection_text.get_color());
 									graph_.string(text_pos, ent.begin, b.x - pos);
 
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/slider.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/slider.cpp
index 23af12a4..a83f3f2f 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/slider.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/slider.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 				virtual void slider(window, graph_reference graph, const slider_t& s)
 				{
-					nana::rectangle r = graph.size();
+					nana::rectangle r{ graph.size() };
 					if(s.horizontal)
 					{
 						r.x = s.pos;
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ namespace nana
 				nana::rectangle _m_bar_area() const
 				{
 					auto sz = other_.graph->size();
-					nana::rectangle r = sz;
+					nana::rectangle r{ sz };
 					if(style::horizontal == attr_.dir)
 					{
 						r.x = attr_.slider_scale / 2 - attr_.border;
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/tabbar.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/tabbar.cpp
index 9d69b7b6..7a4aaf02 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/tabbar.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/tabbar.cpp
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ namespace nana
 					auto bgcolor = API::bgcolor(basis_.wd);
 					auto fgcolor = API::fgcolor(basis_.wd);
 
-					item_renderer::item_t m = { basis_.graph->size() };
+					item_renderer::item_t m{ ::nana::rectangle{ basis_.graph->size() } };
 
 					basis_.renderer->background(*basis_.graph, m.r, bgcolor);
 
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ namespace nana
 							}
 
 							if(false == item.img.empty())
-								item.img.stretch(item.img.size(), *basis_.graph, nana::rectangle(m.r.x + 4, (m.r.height - 16) / 2, 16, 16));
+								item.img.stretch(::nana::rectangle{ item.img.size() }, *basis_.graph, nana::rectangle(m.r.x + 4, (m.r.height - 16) / 2, 16, 16));
 
 							if(item.text.size())
 							{
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/toolbar.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/toolbar.cpp
index 3936cfce..81b75c7f 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/toolbar.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/toolbar.cpp
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ namespace nana
 						pos.x += static_cast<int>(scale + extra_size - size.width) / 2;
 						pos.y += static_cast<int>(height - size.height) / 2;
 
-						item.image.paste(size, graph, pos);
+						item.image.paste(::nana::rectangle{ size }, graph, pos);
 						if(item.enable == false)
 						{
 							nana::paint::graphics gh(size);
-							gh.bitblt(size, graph, pos);
+							gh.bitblt(::nana::rectangle{ size }, graph, pos);
 							gh.rgb_to_wb();
 							gh.paste(graph, pos.x, pos.y);
 						}
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 				void drawer::_m_draw_background(const ::nana::color& clr)
 				{
-					graph_->gradual_rectangle(graph_->size(), clr.blend(colors::white, 0.9), clr.blend(colors::black, 0.95), true);
+					graph_->gradual_rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ graph_->size() }, clr.blend(colors::white, 0.9), clr.blend(colors::black, 0.95), true);
 				}
 
 				void drawer::_m_draw()
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/treebox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/treebox.cpp
index a4e51a0b..7e026e6c 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/treebox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/treebox.cpp
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ namespace nana
 								attr.area.x += (attr.area.width - fit_size.width) / 2;
 								attr.area.y += (attr.area.height - fit_size.height) / 2;
 								attr.area = fit_size;
-								img->stretch(size, graph, attr.area);
+								img->stretch(::nana::rectangle{ size }, graph, attr.area);
 							}
 							else
 								img->paste(graph, attr.area.x + static_cast<int>(attr.area.width - size.width) / 2, attr.area.y + static_cast<int>(attr.area.height - size.height) / 2);
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/widget.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/widget.cpp
index f5075c52..d4d20387 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/widget.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/widget.cpp
@@ -173,12 +173,10 @@ namespace nana
 			_m_move(x, y);
 		}
 
-		/*
-		void widget::move(const point& pos)	//deprecated
+		void widget::move(const point& pos)
 		{
-			_m_move(pos);
+			_m_move(pos.x, pos.y);
 		}
-		*/
 
 		void widget::move(const rectangle& r)
 		{
diff --git a/source/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.cpp b/source/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.cpp
index 7c96f7b6..3aea449d 100644
--- a/source/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.cpp
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ namespace detail
 		return bgcolor;
 	}
 
-	void blend(drawable_type dw, const nana::rectangle& area, pixel_color_t color, double fade_rate)
+	void blend(drawable_type dw, const rectangle& area, pixel_color_t color, double fade_rate)
 	{
 		if(fade_rate <= 0) return;
 		if(fade_rate > 1) fade_rate = 1;
 
-		nana::rectangle r;
-		if(false == nana::overlap(drawable_size(dw), area, r))
+		rectangle r;
+		if (false == ::nana::overlap(rectangle{ drawable_size(dw) }, area, r))
 			return;
 
 		unsigned red = static_cast<unsigned>((color.value & 0xFF0000) * fade_rate);
diff --git a/source/paint/graphics.cpp b/source/paint/graphics.cpp
index 8e61e8dd..76e9aefc 100644
--- a/source/paint/graphics.cpp
+++ b/source/paint/graphics.cpp
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ namespace paint
 			if(dst.handle_ && handle_ && (dst.handle_ != handle_))
 			{
 				pixel_buffer s_pixbuf;
-				s_pixbuf.attach(handle_, size());
+				s_pixbuf.attach(handle_, ::nana::rectangle{ size() });
 
 				s_pixbuf.blend(s_r, dst.handle_, d_pos, fade_rate);
 
@@ -1022,13 +1022,13 @@ namespace paint
 
 		void graphics::rectangle(bool solid)
 		{
-			rectangle(size(), solid);
+			rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ size() }, solid);
 		}
 
 		void graphics::rectangle(bool solid, const ::nana::color& clr)
 		{
 			set_color(clr);
-			rectangle(size(), solid);
+			rectangle(::nana::rectangle{ size() }, solid);
 		}
 
 		void graphics::rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle& r, bool solid)
diff --git a/source/paint/image.cpp b/source/paint/image.cpp
index a6fcd598..39aac942 100644
--- a/source/paint/image.cpp
+++ b/source/paint/image.cpp
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ namespace paint
 		void image::paste(graphics& dst, int x, int y) const
 		{
 			if(image_ptr_)
-				image_ptr_->paste(image_ptr_->size(), dst, x, y);
+				image_ptr_->paste(::nana::rectangle{ image_ptr_->size() }, dst, x, y);
 		}
 
 		void image::paste(const nana::rectangle& r_src, graphics & dst, const nana::point& p_dst) const
diff --git a/source/paint/pixel_buffer.cpp b/source/paint/pixel_buffer.cpp
index bbb34b59..787d2532 100644
--- a/source/paint/pixel_buffer.cpp
+++ b/source/paint/pixel_buffer.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 
 namespace nana{	namespace paint
 {
-	nana::rectangle valid_rectangle(const nana::size& s, const nana::rectangle& r)
+	nana::rectangle valid_rectangle(const size& s, const rectangle& r)
 	{
 		nana::rectangle good_r;
-		nana::overlap(s, r, good_r);
+		nana::overlap(rectangle{ s }, r, good_r);
 		return good_r;
 	}
 
@@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 		close();
 	}
 
-	void pixel_buffer::attach(drawable_type drawable, const nana::rectangle& want_r)
+	void pixel_buffer::attach(drawable_type drawable, const ::nana::rectangle& want_r)
 	{
 		storage_.reset();
 		if(drawable)
 		{
 			nana::rectangle r;
-			if(nana::overlap(nana::paint::detail::drawable_size(drawable), want_r, r))
+			if (::nana::overlap(::nana::rectangle{ nana::paint::detail::drawable_size(drawable) }, want_r, r))
 				storage_ = std::make_shared<pixel_buffer_storage>(drawable, r);
 		}
 	}
@@ -429,16 +429,16 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 
 	bool pixel_buffer::open(drawable_type drawable, const nana::rectangle & want_rectangle)
 	{
-		nana::size sz = nana::paint::detail::drawable_size(drawable);
+		auto sz = nana::paint::detail::drawable_size(drawable);
 		if(want_rectangle.x >= static_cast<int>(sz.width) || want_rectangle.y >= static_cast<int>(sz.height))
 			return false;
 
-		nana::rectangle want_r = want_rectangle;
+		auto want_r = want_rectangle;
 		if(want_r.width == 0) want_r.width = sz.width - want_r.x;
 		if(want_r.height == 0) want_r.height = sz.height - want_r.y;
 
-		nana::rectangle r;
-		if(false == overlap(sz, want_r, r))
+		::nana::rectangle r;
+		if (false == overlap(::nana::rectangle{ sz }, want_r, r))
 			return false;
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 		BITMAPINFO bmpinfo;
@@ -1039,13 +1039,13 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 		}
 	}
 
-	void pixel_buffer::blur(const nana::rectangle& r, std::size_t radius)
+	void pixel_buffer::blur(const ::nana::rectangle& r, std::size_t radius)
 	{
 		auto sp = storage_.get();
 		if(nullptr == sp || radius < 1)	return;
 
-		nana::rectangle good_r;
-		if(overlap(r, this->size(), good_r))
+		::nana::rectangle good_r;
+		if (overlap(r, ::nana::rectangle{ this->size() }, good_r))
 			(*(sp->img_pro.blur))->process(*this, good_r, radius);
 	}
 }//end namespace paint