diff --git a/include/nana/pat/abstract_factory.hpp b/include/nana/pat/abstract_factory.hpp
index 9a4b3bfe..8aa44e7f 100644
--- a/include/nana/pat/abstract_factory.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/pat/abstract_factory.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #define NANA_PAT_ABSFACTORY_HPP
 #include "cloneable.hpp"
 #include <memory>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace nana
 {
@@ -43,21 +45,73 @@ namespace nana
 
 		namespace detail
 		{
-			template<typename T, typename Interface>
+			template<typename Useless, std::size_t ...Index>
+			struct pack{
+				using type = pack;
+			};
+
+			template<bool Negative, bool Zero, class IntConst, class Pack>
+			struct make_pack_helper
+			{	// explodes gracefully below 0
+				static_assert(!Negative,
+					"make_integer_sequence<T, N> requires N to be non-negative.");
+			};
+
+			template<typename Useless, std::size_t ... Vals>
+			struct make_pack_helper<false, true,
+				std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>,
+				pack<Useless, Vals...> >
+				: pack<Useless, Vals...>
+			{	// ends recursion at 0
+			};
+
+			template<typename Useless, std::size_t X, std::size_t... Vals>
+			struct make_pack_helper<false, false,
+				std::integral_constant<std::size_t, X>,
+				pack<Useless, Vals...> >
+				: make_pack_helper<false, X == 1,
+				std::integral_constant<std::size_t, X - 1>,
+				pack<Useless, X - 1, Vals...> >
+			{	// counts down to 0
+			};
+
+			template<std::size_t Size>
+			using make_pack = typename make_pack_helper<Size < 0, Size == 0, std::integral_constant<std::size_t, Size>, pack<int> >::type;
+
+			template<typename T, typename Interface, typename ...Args>
 			class abs_factory
 				: public abstract_factory<Interface>
 			{
 				std::unique_ptr<Interface> create() override
 				{
-					return std::unique_ptr<Interface>{ new T };
+					constexpr auto Size = std::tuple_size<decltype(args_)>::value;
+					return std::unique_ptr<Interface>{ _m_new(typename make_pack<Size>{}) };
 				}
+
+				template<std::size_t ... Index>
+				Interface* _m_new(const pack<int, Index...> &)
+				{
+					return new T(std::get<Index>(args_)...);
+				}
+			public:
+				abs_factory(Args&&... args)
+					: args_(std::forward<Args>(args)...)
+				{
+				}
+
+				abs_factory(const Args&... args)
+					: args_(args...)
+				{
+				}
+			private:
+				std::tuple<Args...> args_;
 			};
 		}//end namespace detail
 
-		template<typename Type>
-		pat::cloneable<abstract_factory<typename Type::factory_interface>> make_factory()
+		template<typename Type, typename ...Args>
+		pat::cloneable<abstract_factory<typename Type::factory_interface>> make_factory(Args &&... args)
 		{
-			return detail::abs_factory<Type, typename Type::factory_interface>();
+			return detail::abs_factory<Type, typename Type::factory_interface, typename std::decay<Args>::type...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	}//end namespace pat
 }//end namespace nana
diff --git a/include/nana/pat/cloneable.hpp b/include/nana/pat/cloneable.hpp
index c6f5d1c9..350dbe1a 100644
--- a/include/nana/pat/cloneable.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/pat/cloneable.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Generic Cloneable Pattern Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
-*	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2016 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ namespace nana{ namespace pat{
 
 		template<typename T, typename member_enabled<T>::type* = nullptr>
 		cloneable(T&& t)
-			: cwrapper_(new detail::cloneable_wrapper<typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>(std::forward<T>(t)), detail::cloneable_interface_deleter()),
-				fast_ptr_(reinterpret_cast<typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type*>(cwrapper_->get()))
+			: cwrapper_(new detail::cloneable_wrapper<typename std::decay<T>::type>(std::forward<T>(t)), detail::cloneable_interface_deleter()),
+				fast_ptr_(reinterpret_cast<typename std::decay<T>::type*>(cwrapper_->get()))
 		{}
 
 		cloneable(const cloneable& r)
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
index 98dd3732..1dcb7f9d 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
@@ -2140,8 +2140,6 @@ namespace nana
 				enum class item_state{normal, highlighted, pressed, grabbed, floated};
 				enum class parts{unknown = -1, header, lister, checker};
 
-				using inline_pane = inline_pane;
-
 				::nana::listbox* listbox_ptr{nullptr};
 				::nana::listbox::scheme_type* scheme_ptr{nullptr};
 				::nana::paint::graphics *graph{nullptr};
@@ -3021,7 +3019,7 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 				}
 
-				void attach(index_type pos, essence::inline_pane* pane)
+				void attach(index_type pos, inline_pane* pane)
 				{
 					for (auto & pn : panes_)
 					{
@@ -3093,7 +3091,7 @@ namespace nana
 			private:
 				essence * const ess_;
 				const std::size_t column_pos_;
-				std::vector<std::pair<index_type, essence::inline_pane*>> panes_;
+				std::vector<std::pair<index_type, inline_pane*>> panes_;
 			};
 
 			void es_lister::scroll(const index_pair& pos, bool to_bottom)
@@ -3956,7 +3954,7 @@ namespace nana
 						_m_draw_border(content_r.x, y, show_w);
 				}
 
-				essence::inline_pane * _m_get_inline_pane(const category_t& cat, std::size_t column_pos) const
+				inline_pane * _m_get_inline_pane(const category_t& cat, std::size_t column_pos) const
 				{
 					if (column_pos < cat.factories.size())
 					{
@@ -3969,7 +3967,7 @@ namespace nana
 					return nullptr;
 				}
 
-				essence::inline_pane* _m_find_inline_pane(const index_pair& pos, std::size_t column_pos) const
+				inline_pane* _m_find_inline_pane(const index_pair& pos, std::size_t column_pos) const
 				{
 					auto & cat = *essence_->lister.get(pos.cat);