some improvements, deprecated frame widget

include/nana/config.hpp

@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
 	#endif
 #endif
 
+//This marco is defined since 1.4 and until 1.5 for deprecating frame widget.
+//This marco and class frame will be removed in version 1.5
+#define WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 
 ///////////////////
 //  Support for NANA_AUTOMATIC_GUI_TESTING

include/nana/gui/basis.hpp

@@ -56,14 +56,18 @@ namespace nana
 			super,
 			widget = 0x1,
 			lite_widget = 0x3,
-			root = 0x5,
+			root = 0x5
-			frame = 0x9
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
+			,frame = 0x9
+#endif
 		};
 		//wait for constexpr
 		struct widget_tag{ static const flags value = flags::widget; };
 		struct lite_widget_tag : public widget_tag{ static const flags value = flags::lite_widget;  };
 		struct root_tag : public widget_tag{ static const flags value = flags::root;  };
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		struct frame_tag : public widget_tag{ static const flags value = flags::frame;  };
+#endif
 	}// end namespace category
 
 	using native_window_type = detail::native_window_handle_impl*;
@@ -260,6 +264,26 @@ that return a corresponding nana::appearance with predefined values.
 			}
 		};
 	};//end namespace apper
+
+	/// Interface for caret operations
+	class caret_interface
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual ~caret_interface() = default;
+
+		virtual void disable_throw() noexcept = 0;
+
+		virtual void effective_range(const rectangle& range) = 0;
+
+		virtual void position(const point& pos) = 0;
+		virtual point position() const = 0;
+
+		virtual void dimension(const size& size) = 0;
+		virtual size dimension() const  = 0;
+
+		virtual void visible(bool visibility) = 0;
+		virtual bool visible() const = 0;
+	};//end class caret_interface
 }//end namespace nana
 
 #include <nana/pop_ignore_diagnostic>

include/nana/gui/detail/basic_window.hpp

@@ -32,32 +32,37 @@ namespace detail
 		invisible, visible, displayed
 	};
 
-	class caret_descriptor
+	class caret
+		: public caret_interface
 	{
 	public:
-		typedef basic_window core_window_t;
+		caret(basic_window* owner, const size& size);
+		~caret();
 
-		caret_descriptor(core_window_t*, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+		void activate(bool activity);
-		~caret_descriptor();
+		basic_window* owner() const noexcept;
-		void set_active(bool);
-		core_window_t* window() const;
-		void position(int x, int y);
-		void effective_range(::nana::rectangle);
-		::nana::point position() const;
-		void visible(bool isshow);
-		bool visible() const;
-		::nana::size size() const;
-		void size(const ::nana::size&);
 		void update();
+	public:
+		//Implement caret_interface functions
+
+		//This function is useless for class caret, see caret_proxy.
+		void disable_throw() noexcept override;
+		void effective_range(const rectangle& r) override;
+		void position(const point& pos) override;
+		nana::point position() const override;
+		size dimension() const override;
+		void dimension(const size& s);
+		void visible(bool visibility) override;
+		bool visible() const override;
 	private:
-		core_window_t*	wd_;
+		basic_window * owner_;
-		::nana::point point_;
+		point	position_;
-		::nana::size	size_;
+		size	size_;
-		::nana::size	paint_size_;
+		size	visual_size_;
-		visible_state	visible_state_;
+		visible_state visibility_{ visible_state::invisible };
-		bool		out_of_range_;
+		bool	out_of_range_{ false };
-		::nana::rectangle effective_range_;
+		rectangle effect_range_;
-	};//end class caret_descriptor
+	};//end class caret
 
 	/// Define some constant about tab category, these flags can be combine with operator |
 	struct tab_type
@@ -70,6 +75,8 @@ namespace detail
 		};
 	};
 
+	class caret;
+
 	/// a window data structure descriptor 
 	struct basic_window
 		: public events_holder
@@ -107,7 +114,9 @@ namespace detail
 		/// bind a native window and baisc_window
 		void bind_native_window(native_window_type, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned extra_width, unsigned extra_height, paint::graphics&);
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		void frame_window(native_window_type);
+#endif
 
 		bool is_ancestor_of(const basic_window* wd) const;
 		bool visible_parents() const;
@@ -174,13 +183,15 @@ namespace detail
 			mouse_action	action_before;
 		}flags;
 
-		struct
-		{
-			caret_descriptor* caret;
-			std::shared_ptr<general_events> events_ptr;
-		}together;
 
-		widget_geometrics* scheme{ nullptr };
+		struct annex_components
+		{
+			caret* caret_ptr{ nullptr };
+
+			//The following pointers refer to the widget's object.
+			std::shared_ptr<general_events> events_ptr;
+			widget_geometrics* scheme{ nullptr };
+		}annex;
 
 		struct
 		{
@@ -191,11 +202,13 @@ namespace detail
 		
 		struct other_tag
 		{
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 			struct	attr_frame_tag
 			{
 				native_window_type container{nullptr};
 				std::vector<native_window_type> attach;
 			};
+#endif
 
 			struct	attr_root_tag
 			{
@@ -223,7 +236,9 @@ namespace detail
 			union
 			{
 				attr_root_tag * root;
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 				attr_frame_tag * frame;
+#endif
 			}attribute;
 
 			other_tag(category::flags);

include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp

@@ -82,9 +82,7 @@ namespace detail
 		void define_state_cursor(core_window_t*, nana::cursor, thread_context*);
 		void undefine_state_cursor(core_window_t*, thread_context*);
 
-		widget_geometrics& get_scheme_template(scheme_factory_interface&&);
+		color_schemes& scheme();
-		widget_geometrics* make_scheme(scheme_factory_interface&&);
-
 		events_operation&	evt_operation();
 		window_manager&		wd_manager();
 

include/nana/gui/detail/drawer.hpp

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_DETAIL_DRAWER_HPP
 
 #include <nana/push_ignore_diagnostic>
-#include <vector>
 #include "general_events.hpp"
 #include <nana/paint/graphics.hpp>
 #include <functional>
@@ -29,14 +28,23 @@ namespace nana
 	}
 
 	class drawer_trigger
-		: ::nana::noncopyable, ::nana::nonmovable
 	{
 		friend class detail::drawer;
+
+		//Noncopyable
+		drawer_trigger(const drawer_trigger&) = delete;
+		drawer_trigger& operator=(const drawer_trigger&) = delete;
+
+		//Nonmovable
+		drawer_trigger(drawer_trigger&&) = delete;
+		drawer_trigger& operator=(drawer_trigger&&) = delete;
+
 	public:
 		using widget_reference = widget&;
 		using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;
 
-		virtual ~drawer_trigger();
+		drawer_trigger() = default;
+		virtual ~drawer_trigger() = default;
 		virtual void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference);	//none-const
 		virtual void detached();	//none-const
 
@@ -73,21 +81,11 @@ namespace nana
 	{
 		struct basic_window;
 
-		namespace dynamic_drawing
-		{
-			//declaration
-			class object;
-		}
-
 		//@brief:	Every window has a drawer, the drawer holds a drawer_trigger for
 		//			a widget.
 		class drawer
 			: nana::noncopyable, nana::nonmovable
 		{
-			enum{
-				event_size = static_cast<int>(event_code::end)
-			};
-
 			enum class method_state
 			{
 				pending,
@@ -95,6 +93,7 @@ namespace nana
 				not_overrided
 			};
 		public:
+			drawer();
 			~drawer();
 
 			void bind(basic_window*);
@@ -136,21 +135,21 @@ namespace nana
 			void _m_emit(event_code evt_code, const Arg& arg, Mfptr mfptr)
 			{
 				const int pos = static_cast<int>(evt_code);
-				if (realizer_ && (method_state::not_overrided != mth_state_[pos]))
+				if (data_impl_->realizer && (method_state::not_overrided != data_impl_->mth_state[pos]))
 				{
 					_m_bground_pre();
 
-					if (method_state::pending == mth_state_[pos])
+					if (method_state::pending == data_impl_->mth_state[pos])
 					{
-						(realizer_->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);
+						(data_impl_->realizer->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);
 						
 						//Check realizer, when the window is closed in that event handler, the drawer will be
 						//detached and realizer will be a nullptr
-						if(realizer_)
+						if (data_impl_->realizer)
-							mth_state_[pos] = (realizer_->_m_overrided(evt_code) ? method_state::overrided : method_state::not_overrided);
+							data_impl_->mth_state[pos] = (data_impl_->realizer->_m_overrided(evt_code) ? method_state::overrided : method_state::not_overrided);
 					}
 					else
-						(realizer_->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);
+						(data_impl_->realizer->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);
 
 					if (_m_lazy_decleared())
 					{
@@ -162,11 +161,9 @@ namespace nana
 		public:
 			nana::paint::graphics graphics;
 		private:
-			basic_window*	core_window_{nullptr};
+			struct data_implement;
-			drawer_trigger*	realizer_{nullptr};
+
-			std::vector<dynamic_drawing::object*>	dynamic_drawing_objects_;
+			data_implement * const data_impl_;
-			bool refreshing_{false};
-			method_state mth_state_[event_size];
 		};
 	}//end namespace detail
 }//end namespace nana

include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp

@@ -174,12 +174,12 @@ namespace nana{
 						good_r.x = good_r.y = 1;
 						good_r.width = r.width - 2;
 						good_r.height = r.height - 2;
-						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.95, false);
+						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->annex.scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.95, false);
 
 						good_r.x = good_r.y = 0;
 						good_r.width = r.width;
 						good_r.height = r.height;
-						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.4, false);
+						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->annex.scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.4, false);
 
 						pixbuf.pixel(0, 0, px0);
 						pixbuf.pixel(r.width - 1, 0, px1);

include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp

@@ -94,10 +94,12 @@ namespace detail
 
 		core_window_t* create_root(core_window_t*, bool nested, rectangle, const appearance&, widget*);
 		core_window_t* create_widget(core_window_t*, const rectangle&, bool is_lite, widget*);
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		core_window_t* create_frame(core_window_t*, const rectangle&, widget*);
 
 		bool insert_frame(core_window_t* frame, native_window);
 		bool insert_frame(core_window_t* frame, core_window_t*);
+#endif
 		void close(core_window_t*);
 
 		//destroy

include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp

@@ -80,8 +80,9 @@ namespace API
 		window create_window(window, bool nested, const rectangle&, const appearance&, widget* attached);
 		window create_widget(window, const rectangle&, widget* attached);
 		window create_lite_widget(window, const rectangle&, widget* attached);
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		window create_frame(window, const rectangle&, widget* attached);
-
+#endif
 		paint::graphics* window_graphics(window);
 
 		void delay_restore(bool);
@@ -201,9 +202,12 @@ namespace API
 
 	void fullscreen(window, bool);
 	bool enabled_double_click(window, bool);
+
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 	bool insert_frame(window frame, native_window_type);
 	native_window_type frame_container(window frame);
 	native_window_type frame_element(window frame, unsigned index);
+#endif
 	void close_window(window);
 	void show_window(window, bool show);                  ///< Sets a window visible state.
 	void restore_window(window);
@@ -334,15 +338,18 @@ namespace API
 	color activated_color(window);
 	color activated_color(window, const color&);
 
-	void create_caret(window, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+	void create_caret(window, const size&);
 	void destroy_caret(window);
-	void caret_effective_range(window, const rectangle&);
+
-	void caret_pos(window, const ::nana::point&);
+	/// Opens an existing caret of a window.
-	nana::point caret_pos(window);
+	/**
-	nana::size caret_size(window);
+	 * This function returns an object to operate caret. The object doesn't create or destroy the caret.
-	void caret_size(window, const size&);
+	 * When you are finished with the caret, be sure to reset the pointer.
-	void caret_visible(window, bool is_show);
+	 *
-	bool caret_visible(window);
+	 * @param window_handle A handle to a window whose caret is to be retrieved
+	 * @return a pointer to the caret proxy. nullptr if the window doesn't have a caret.
+	 */
+	::std::unique_ptr<caret_interface> open_caret(window window_handle, bool disable_throw = false);
 
 	/// Enables that the user can give input focus to the specified window using TAB key.
 	void tabstop(window);

include/nana/gui/widgets/form.hpp

@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WIDGET_FORM_HPP
 
 #include "widget.hpp"
+#include <nana/gui/place.hpp>
 
 namespace nana
 {
+	class place;
+
 	namespace drawerbase
 	{
 		namespace form
@@ -29,12 +32,29 @@ namespace nana
 			private:
 				widget*	wd_{nullptr};
 			};
+
+			class form_base
+				: public widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, detail::events_root_extension>
+			{
+			public:
+				form_base(window owner, bool nested, const rectangle&, const appearance&);
+				
+				//place methods
+
+				place & get_place();
+				void div(const char* div_text);
+				place::field_reference operator[](const char* field_name);
+				void collocate() noexcept;
+			private:
+				std::unique_ptr<place> place_;
+			};
 		}//end namespace form
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
 
 	/// \brief Pop-up window. Is different from other window widgets: its default  constructor create the window.
 	/// \see nana::appearance
-	class form: public widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, detail::events_root_extension>
+	class form
+		: public drawerbase::form::form_base
 	{
 	public:
 		using appear = ::nana::appear;
@@ -50,7 +70,8 @@ namespace nana
 		void wait_for_this();
 	};
 
-	class nested_form : public widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, detail::events_root_extension>
+	class nested_form
+		: public drawerbase::form::form_base
 	{
 	public:
 		using appear = ::nana::appear;

include/nana/gui/widgets/frame.hpp

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WIDGET_FRAME_HPP
 
 #include "widget.hpp"
+
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 namespace nana
 {
 	/** 
@@ -51,3 +53,4 @@ namespace nana
 	};
 }//end namespace nana
 #endif
+#endif

include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.hpp

@@ -308,7 +308,8 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 
 			void _m_offset_y(int y);
 
-			unsigned _m_char_by_pixels(const wchar_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned* pxbuf, int str_px, int pixels, bool is_rtl);
+			unsigned _m_char_by_pixels(const unicode_bidi::entity&, unsigned pos);
+
 			unsigned _m_pixels_by_char(const ::std::wstring&, std::size_t pos) const;
 			void _handle_move_key(const arg_keyboard& arg);
 
@@ -316,6 +317,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			std::unique_ptr<editor_behavior_interface> behavior_;
 			undoable<command>	undo_;
 			nana::window window_;
+			std::unique_ptr<caret_interface> caret_;
 			graph_reference graph_;
 			const text_editor_scheme*	scheme_;
 			event_interface *			event_handler_{ nullptr };

include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WIDGET_HPP
 
 #include <nana/push_ignore_diagnostic>
-#include <nana/gui/place.hpp>
 #include "../programming_interface.hpp"
 #include <nana/internationalization.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/drawer.hpp>
@@ -391,33 +390,6 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			return API::window_outline_size(handle());
 		}
-
-		place & get_place()
-		{
-			if (this->empty())
-				throw std::runtime_error("form::get_plac: the form has destroyed.");
-
-			if (!place_)
-				place_.reset(new place{ *this });
-
-			return *place_;
-		}
-
-		void div(const char* div_text)
-		{
-			get_place().div(div_text);
-		}
-
-		place::field_reference operator[](const char* field_name)
-		{
-			return get_place()[field_name];
-		}
-
-		void collocate() noexcept
-		{
-			if (place_)
-				place_->collocate();
-		}
 	protected:
 		DrawerTrigger& get_drawer_trigger()
 		{
@@ -447,9 +419,9 @@ namespace nana
 		DrawerTrigger					trigger_;
 		std::shared_ptr<Events>			events_;
 		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type>	scheme_;
-		std::unique_ptr<place>			place_;
 	};//end class widget_object<root_tag>
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 	           /// Base class of all the classes defined as a frame window. \see nana::frame
 	template<typename Drawer, typename Events, typename Scheme>
 	class widget_object<category::frame_tag, Drawer, Events, Scheme>: public widget{};
@@ -509,6 +481,7 @@ namespace nana
 		std::shared_ptr<Events> events_;
 		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type> scheme_;
 	};//end class widget_object<category::frame_tag>
+#endif
 }//end namespace nana
 
 #include <nana/pop_ignore_diagnostic>

source/gui/detail/basic_window.cpp

@@ -17,188 +17,194 @@ namespace nana
 {
 	namespace detail
 	{
-		//class caret_descriptor
+		//class caret
-			caret_descriptor::caret_descriptor(core_window_t* wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
+			caret::caret(basic_window* owner, const size& size):
-				:wd_(wd), size_(width, height), visible_state_(visible_state::invisible), out_of_range_(false)
+				owner_(owner),
+				size_(size)
 			{}
 
-			caret_descriptor::~caret_descriptor()
+			caret::~caret()
 			{
-				if(wd_)	native_interface::caret_destroy(wd_->root);
+				if (owner_)
+					native_interface::caret_destroy(owner_->root);
 			}
 
-			void caret_descriptor::set_active(bool active)
+			void caret::activate(bool activity)
 			{
-				if(wd_)
+				if (owner_)
 				{
-					if(active)
+					if (activity)
 					{
-						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size_);
+						native_interface::caret_create(owner_->root, size_);
 
-						visible_state_ = visible_state::invisible;
+						visibility_ = visible_state::invisible;
-						this->position(point_.x, point_.y);
+						this->position(position_);
 					}
 					else
-						native_interface::caret_destroy(wd_->root);
+						native_interface::caret_destroy(owner_->root);
 
-					wd_->root_widget->other.attribute.root->ime_enabled = active;
+					owner_->root_widget->other.attribute.root->ime_enabled = activity;
 				}
 			}
 
-			auto caret_descriptor::window() const ->core_window_t*
+			basic_window* caret::owner() const noexcept
 			{
-				return wd_;
+				return owner_;
 			}
 
-			void caret_descriptor::position(int x, int y)
+			void caret::update()
 			{
-				point_.x = x;
+				auto pos = position_;
-				point_.y = y;
+				auto size = size_;
 
-				update();
+				auto rect = effect_range_;
-			}
+				if (0 == effect_range_.width || 0 == effect_range_.height)
-
-			void caret_descriptor::effective_range(nana::rectangle rect)
-			{
-				//Chech rect
-				if (rect.width && rect.height && rect.right() > 0 && rect.bottom() > 0)
-				{
-					if(rect.x < 0)
-					{
-						rect.width += rect.x;
-						rect.x = 0;
-					}
-
-					if(rect.y < 0)
-					{
-						rect.height += rect.y;
-						rect.y = 0;
-					}
-
-					if(effective_range_ != rect)
-					{
-						effective_range_ = rect;
-						update();
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			nana::point caret_descriptor::position() const
-			{
-				return point_;
-			}
-
-			void caret_descriptor::visible(bool is_show)
-			{
-				auto pre_displayed = (visible_state::displayed == visible_state_);
-
-				if (is_show)
-				{
-					visible_state_ = visible_state::visible;
-					if (wd_->displayed() && (! out_of_range_))
-						visible_state_ = visible_state::displayed;
-				}
-				else
-					visible_state_ = visible_state::invisible;
-
-				if (pre_displayed != (visible_state::displayed == visible_state_))
-					native_interface::caret_visible(wd_->root, !pre_displayed);
-			}
-
-			bool caret_descriptor::visible() const
-			{
-				return (visible_state::invisible != visible_state_);
-			}
-
-			nana::size caret_descriptor::size() const
-			{
-				return size_;
-			}
-
-			void caret_descriptor::size(const nana::size& s)
-			{
-				size_ = s;
-				update();
-
-				if (visible_state::invisible != visible_state_)
-					visible(true);
-			}
-
-			void caret_descriptor::update()
-			{
-				nana::point pos = point_;
-				nana::size	size = size_;
-
-				nana::rectangle rect = effective_range_;
-				if(0 == effective_range_.width || 0 == effective_range_.height)
 				{
 					rect.x = rect.y = 0;
-					rect = wd_->dimension;
+					rect = owner_->dimension;
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					pos.x += effective_range_.x;
+					pos += effect_range_.position();
-					pos.y += effective_range_.y;
 				}
 
-				if(	(pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) <= rect.x) || (pos.x >= rect.right()) ||
+				if ((pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) <= rect.x) || (pos.x >= rect.right()) ||
 					(pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) <= rect.y) || (pos.y >= rect.bottom())
 					)
 				{//Out of Range without overlap
-					if(false == out_of_range_)
+					if (false == out_of_range_)
 					{
 						out_of_range_ = true;
 
-						if (visible_state::invisible != visible_state_)
+						if (visible_state::invisible != visibility_)
 							visible(false);
 					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					if(pos.x < rect.x)
+					if (pos.x < rect.x)
 					{
 						size.width -= (rect.x - pos.x);
 						pos.x = rect.x;
 					}
-					else if(pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) > rect.right())
+					else if (pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) > rect.right())
 					{
 						size.width -= pos.x + size.width - rect.right();
 					}
 
-					if(pos.y < rect.y)
+					if (pos.y < rect.y)
 					{
 						size.width -= (rect.y - pos.y);
 						pos.y = rect.y;
 					}
-					else if(pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) > rect.bottom())
+					else if (pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) > rect.bottom())
 						size.height -= pos.y + size.height - rect.bottom();
 
-					if(out_of_range_)
+					if (out_of_range_)
 					{
-						if (paint_size_ == size)
+						if (visual_size_ == size)
 							visible(true);
 
 						out_of_range_ = false;
 					}
 
-					if(paint_size_ != size)
+					if (visual_size_ != size)
 					{
-						bool vs = (visible_state::invisible != visible_state_);
+						bool vs = (visible_state::invisible != visibility_);
-						native_interface::caret_destroy(wd_->root);
+						native_interface::caret_destroy(owner_->root);
-						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size);
+						native_interface::caret_create(owner_->root, size);
 
-						visible_state_ = visible_state::invisible;
+						visibility_ = visible_state::invisible;
 						if (vs)
 							visible(true);
 
 
-						paint_size_ = size;
+						visual_size_ = size;
 					}
 
-					native_interface::caret_pos(wd_->root, wd_->pos_root + pos);
+					native_interface::caret_pos(owner_->root, owner_->pos_root + pos);
 				}
 			}
-		//end class caret_descriptor
+		
+			//Implement caret_interface functions
+			void caret::disable_throw() noexcept
+			{
+				//This function is useless for class caret, see caret_proxy.
+			}
+
+			void caret::effective_range(const rectangle& r)
+			{
+				auto range = r;
+				//Chech rect
+				if (range.width && range.height && range.right() > 0 && range.bottom() > 0)
+				{
+					if (range.x < 0)
+					{
+						range.width += range.x;
+						range.x = 0;
+					}
+
+					if (range.y < 0)
+					{
+						range.height += range.y;
+						range.y = 0;
+					}
+
+					if (effect_range_ != range)
+					{
+						effect_range_ = range;
+						update();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			void caret::position(const point& pos)
+			{
+				position_ = pos;
+				update();
+			}
+
+			point caret::position() const
+			{
+				return position_;
+			}
+
+			size caret::dimension() const
+			{
+				return size_;
+			}
+
+			void caret::dimension(const size& s)
+			{
+				size_ = s;
+				update();
+
+				if (visible_state::invisible != visibility_)
+					visible(true);
+			}
+
+			void caret::visible(bool visibility)
+			{
+				auto pre_displayed = (visible_state::displayed == visibility_);
+
+				if (visibility)
+				{
+					visibility_ = visible_state::visible;
+					if (owner_->displayed() && (!out_of_range_))
+						visibility_ = visible_state::displayed;
+				}
+				else
+					visibility_ = visible_state::invisible;
+
+				if (pre_displayed != (visible_state::displayed == visibility_))
+					native_interface::caret_visible(owner_->root, !pre_displayed);
+			}
+
+			bool caret::visible() const
+			{
+				return (visible_state::invisible != visibility_);
+			}
+		//end class caret
 
 		//struct basic_window
 			//struct basic_window::other_tag
@@ -210,9 +216,11 @@ namespace nana
 					case category::flags::root:
 						attribute.root = new attr_root_tag;
 						break;
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 					case category::flags::frame:
 						attribute.frame = new attr_frame_tag;
 						break;
+#endif
 					default:
 						attribute.root = nullptr;
 					}
@@ -220,6 +228,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 				basic_window::other_tag::~other_tag()
 				{
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 					switch(category)
 					{
 					case category::flags::root:
@@ -230,6 +239,9 @@ namespace nana
 						break;
 					default: break;
 					}
+#endif
+					if (category::flags::root == category)
+						delete attribute.root;
 				}
 			//end struct basic_window::other_tag
 
@@ -245,8 +257,8 @@ namespace nana
 
 			basic_window::~basic_window()
 			{
-				delete together.caret;
+				delete annex.caret_ptr;
-				together.caret = nullptr;
+				annex.caret_ptr = nullptr;
 
 				delete effect.bground;
 				effect.bground = nullptr;
@@ -268,11 +280,13 @@ namespace nana
 				}
 			}
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 			void basic_window::frame_window(native_window_type wd)
 			{
 				if(category::flags::frame == this->other.category)
 					other.attribute.frame->container = wd;
 			}
+#endif
 
 			bool basic_window::is_ancestor_of(const basic_window* wd) const
 			{
@@ -312,7 +326,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 			const basic_window* get_child_caret(const basic_window* wd, bool this_is_a_child)
 			{
-				if (this_is_a_child && wd->together.caret)
+				if (this_is_a_child && wd->annex.caret_ptr)
 					return wd;
 
 				for (auto child : wd->children)
@@ -412,8 +426,6 @@ namespace nana
 				effect.bground = nullptr;
 				effect.bground_fade_rate = 0;
 
-				together.caret = nullptr;
-
 				extra_width = extra_height = 0;
 
 				//The window must keep its thread_id same as its parent if it is a child.
@@ -425,15 +437,15 @@ namespace nana
 
 			bool basic_window::set_events(const std::shared_ptr<general_events>& p)
 			{
-				if (together.events_ptr)
+				if (annex.events_ptr)
 					return false;
-				together.events_ptr = p;
+				annex.events_ptr = p;
 				return true;
 			}
 
 			general_events * basic_window::get_events() const
 			{
-				return together.events_ptr.get();
+				return annex.events_ptr.get();
 			}
 		//end struct basic_window
 	}//end namespace detail

source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp

@@ -129,16 +129,16 @@ namespace nana
 			arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(wd);
 			if (emit(event_code::expose, wd, arg, false, get_thread_context()))
 			{
-				const core_window_t * caret_wd = (wd->together.caret ? wd : wd->child_caret());
+				const core_window_t * caret_wd = (wd->annex.caret_ptr ? wd : wd->child_caret());
 				if (caret_wd)
 				{
 					if (exposed)
 					{
 						if (wd->root_widget->other.attribute.root->focus == caret_wd)
-							caret_wd->together.caret->visible(true);
+							caret_wd->annex.caret_ptr->visible(true);
 					}
 					else
-						caret_wd->together.caret->visible(false);
+						caret_wd->annex.caret_ptr->visible(false);
 				}
 
 				if (!exposed)
@@ -148,8 +148,10 @@ namespace nana
 						//find an ancestor until it is not a lite_widget
 						wd = wd->seek_non_lite_widget_ancestor();
 					}
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 					else if (category::flags::frame == wd->other.category)
 						wd = wd_manager().find_window(wd->root, wd->pos_root.x, wd->pos_root.y);
+#endif
 				}
 
 				wd_manager().refresh_tree(wd);
@@ -201,24 +203,21 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				if (root_wd->flags.enabled && root_wd->flags.take_active)
 				{
-					if (focused && focused->together.caret)
+					if (focused && focused->annex.caret_ptr)
-						focused->together.caret->set_active(true);
+						focused->annex.caret_ptr->activate(true);
 
 					if (!emit(event_code::focus, focused, arg, true, get_thread_context()))
 						this->wd_manager().set_focus(root_wd, true, arg_focus::reason::general);
 				}
 			}
-			else
+			else if (root_wd->other.attribute.root->focus)
 			{
-				if (root_wd->other.attribute.root->focus)
+				if (emit(event_code::focus, focused, arg, true, get_thread_context()))
 				{
-					if (emit(event_code::focus, focused, arg, true, get_thread_context()))
+					if (focused->annex.caret_ptr)
-					{
+						focused->annex.caret_ptr->activate(false);
-						if (focused->together.caret)
-							focused->together.caret->set_active(false);
-					}
-					close_menu_if_focus_other_window(receiver);
 				}
+				close_menu_if_focus_other_window(receiver);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -353,19 +352,14 @@ namespace nana
 			return pi_data_->shortkey_occurred;
 		}
 
-		widget_geometrics& bedrock::get_scheme_template(scheme_factory_interface&& factory)
+		color_schemes& bedrock::scheme()
 		{
-			return pi_data_->scheme.scheme_template(std::move(factory));
+			return pi_data_->scheme;
-		}
-
-		widget_geometrics* bedrock::make_scheme(scheme_factory_interface&& factory)
-		{
-			return pi_data_->scheme.create(std::move(factory));
 		}
 
 		void bedrock::_m_emit_core(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, bool draw_only, const ::nana::event_arg& event_arg)
 		{
-			auto retain = wd->together.events_ptr;
+			auto retain = wd->annex.events_ptr;
 			auto evts_ptr = retain.get();
 
 			switch (evt_code)

source/gui/detail/bedrock_posix.cpp

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ namespace detail
 					delete msg.u.mouse_drop.files;
 					arg.pos.x = msg.u.mouse_drop.x - msgwd->pos_root.x;
 					arg.pos.y = msg.u.mouse_drop.y - msgwd->pos_root.y;
-					msgwd->together.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwd));
+					msgwd->annex.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwd));
 					brock.wd_manager().do_lazy_refresh(msgwd, false);
 				}
 				break;
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ namespace detail
 						}
 					}
 
-					auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+					auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 					context.event_window = msgwnd;
 
 					pressed_wd = nullptr;
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ namespace detail
 					nana::point mspos{xevent.xbutton.x, xevent.xbutton.y};
 					while(msgwnd)
 					{
-						if(msgwnd->together.events_ptr->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
+						if(msgwnd->annex.events_ptr->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
 						{
 							mspos -= msgwnd->pos_root;
 							arg_wheel arg;
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ namespace detail
 					msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::normal);
 					if(msgwnd->flags.enabled)
 					{
-						auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+						auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 
 						::nana::arg_mouse arg;
 						assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, xevent);
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ namespace detail
 							if(hit)
 								msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::hovered);
 							
-							auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+							auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 							auto evt_ptr = retain.get();
 
 							arg.evt_code = event_code::mouse_up;
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ namespace detail
 							}
 						}
 						else if(click_arg.window_handle)
-							msgwnd->together.events_ptr->click.emit(click_arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
+							msgwnd->annex.events_ptr->click.emit(click_arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
 
 						wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(msgwnd, false);
 					}
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ namespace detail
 									msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::pressed);
 
 									pressed_wd_space = msgwnd;
-									auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+									auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 
 									draw_invoker(&drawer::mouse_down, msgwnd, arg, &context);
 									wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(msgwnd, false);
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ namespace detail
 									arg.evt_code = event_code::key_char;
 									arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd);
 									brock.get_key_state(arg);
-									msgwnd->together.events_ptr->key_char.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
+									msgwnd->annex.events_ptr->key_char.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
 									if(arg.ignore == false && wd_manager.available(msgwnd))
 										draw_invoker(&drawer::key_char, msgwnd, arg, &context);
 								}
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ namespace detail
 								    click_arg.mouse_args = nullptr;
 								    click_arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd);
 
-								    auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+								    auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 								    if (brock.emit(event_code::click, msgwnd, click_arg, true, &context))
 							    	{
 									    arg_mouse arg;

source/gui/detail/bedrock_windows.cpp

@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ namespace detail
 					assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, pmdec);
 					msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::pressed);
 
-					auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+					auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 					if (brock.emit(event_code::mouse_down, msgwnd, arg, true, &context))
 					{
 						//If a root_window is created during the mouse_down event, Nana.GUI will ignore the mouse_up event.
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ namespace detail
 				msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::normal);
 				if(msgwnd->flags.enabled)
 				{
-					auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+					auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 
 					::nana::arg_mouse arg;
 					assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, pmdec);
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ namespace detail
 						auto evt_wd = scrolled_wd;
 						while (evt_wd)
 						{
-							if (evt_wd->together.events_ptr->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
+							if (evt_wd->annex.events_ptr->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
 							{
 								def_window_proc = false;
 								nana::point mspos{ scr_pos.x, scr_pos.y };
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ namespace detail
 							wd_manager.calc_window_point(msgwnd, dropfiles.pos);
 							dropfiles.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd);
 
-							msgwnd->together.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.emit(dropfiles, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
+							msgwnd->annex.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.emit(dropfiles, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
 							wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(msgwnd, false);
 						}
 					}
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ namespace detail
 								msgwnd->set_action(mouse_action::pressed);
 
 								pressed_wd_space = msgwnd;
-								auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+								auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 
 								draw_invoker(&drawer::mouse_down, msgwnd, arg, &context);
 								wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(msgwnd, false);
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ namespace detail
 						brock.get_key_state(arg);
 						arg.ignore = false;
 
-						msgwnd->together.events_ptr->key_char.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
+						msgwnd->annex.events_ptr->key_char.emit(arg, reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd));
 						if ((false == arg.ignore) && wd_manager.available(msgwnd))
 							draw_invoker(&drawer::key_char, msgwnd, arg, &context);
 
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ namespace detail
 								click_arg.mouse_args = nullptr;
 								click_arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(msgwnd);
 
-								auto retain = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+								auto retain = msgwnd->annex.events_ptr;
 								if (brock.emit(event_code::click, msgwnd, click_arg, true, &context))
 								{
 									arg_mouse arg;

source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ namespace nana
 	typedef detail::edge_nimbus_renderer<detail::bedrock::core_window_t> edge_nimbus_renderer_t;
 
 	//class drawer_trigger
-		drawer_trigger::~drawer_trigger(){}
 		void drawer_trigger::attached(widget_reference, graph_reference){}
 		void drawer_trigger::detached(){}	//none-const
 		void drawer_trigger::typeface_changed(graph_reference){}
@@ -136,23 +135,43 @@ namespace nana
 		typedef bedrock bedrock_type;
 
 		//class drawer
+
+		enum{
+			event_size = static_cast<int>(event_code::end)
+		};
+
+		struct drawer::data_implement
+		{
+			bool			refreshing{ false };
+			basic_window*	window_handle{ nullptr };
+			drawer_trigger*	realizer{ nullptr };
+			method_state	mth_state[event_size];
+			std::vector<dynamic_drawing::object*>	draws;
+		};
+
+		drawer::drawer()
+			: data_impl_{ new data_implement }
+		{}
+
 		drawer::~drawer()
 		{
-			for(auto p : dynamic_drawing_objects_)
+			for(auto p : data_impl_->draws)
 			{
 				delete p;
 			}
+
+			delete data_impl_;
 		}
 
 		void drawer::bind(basic_window* cw)
 		{
-			core_window_ = cw;
+			data_impl_->window_handle = cw;
 		}
 
 		void drawer::typeface_changed()
 		{
-			if(realizer_)
+			if(data_impl_->realizer)
-				realizer_->typeface_changed(graphics);
+				data_impl_->realizer->typeface_changed(graphics);
 		}
 
 		void drawer::click(const arg_click& arg)
@@ -245,7 +264,7 @@ namespace nana
 			if(wd)
 			{
 				auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<bedrock_type::core_window_t*>(wd);
-				bool owns_caret = (iwd->together.caret) && (iwd->together.caret->visible());
+				bool owns_caret = (iwd->annex.caret_ptr) && (iwd->annex.caret_ptr->visible());
 
 				//The caret in X11 is implemented by Nana, it is different from Windows'
 				//the caret in X11 is asynchronous, it is hard to hide and show the caret
@@ -254,7 +273,7 @@ namespace nana
 				if(owns_caret)
 				{
 #ifndef NANA_X11
-					iwd->together.caret->visible(false);
+					iwd->annex.caret_ptr->visible(false);
 #else
 					owns_caret = nana::detail::platform_spec::instance().caret_update(iwd->root, *iwd->root_graph, false);
 #endif
@@ -265,7 +284,7 @@ namespace nana
 				if(owns_caret)
 				{
 #ifndef NANA_X11
-					iwd->together.caret->visible(true);
+					iwd->annex.caret_ptr->visible(true);
 #else
 					nana::detail::platform_spec::instance().caret_update(iwd->root, *iwd->root_graph, true);
 #endif
@@ -275,39 +294,39 @@ namespace nana
 
 		void drawer::refresh()
 		{
-			if(realizer_ && (refreshing_ == false))
+			if (data_impl_->realizer && !data_impl_->refreshing)
 			{
-				refreshing_ = true;
+				data_impl_->refreshing = true;
 				_m_bground_pre();
-				realizer_->refresh(graphics);
+				data_impl_->realizer->refresh(graphics);
 				_m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object();
 				_m_bground_end();
 				graphics.flush();
-				refreshing_ = false;
+				data_impl_->refreshing = false;
 			}
 		}
 
 		drawer_trigger* drawer::realizer() const
 		{
-			return realizer_;
+			return data_impl_->realizer;
 		}
 
 		void drawer::attached(widget& wd, drawer_trigger& realizer)
 		{
-			for (auto i = std::begin(mth_state_), end = std::end(mth_state_); i != end; ++i)
+			for (auto i = std::begin(data_impl_->mth_state), end = std::end(data_impl_->mth_state); i != end; ++i)
 				*i = method_state::pending;
 
-			realizer_ = &realizer;
+			data_impl_->realizer = &realizer;
 			realizer._m_reset_overrided();
 			realizer.attached(wd, graphics);
 		}
 
 		drawer_trigger* drawer::detached()
 		{
-			if(realizer_)
+			if (data_impl_->realizer)
 			{
-				auto rmp = realizer_;
+				auto rmp = data_impl_->realizer;
-				realizer_ = nullptr;
+				data_impl_->realizer = nullptr;
 				rmp->detached();
 				return rmp;
 			}
@@ -317,7 +336,7 @@ namespace nana
 		void drawer::clear()
 		{
 			std::vector<dynamic_drawing::object*> then;
-			for(auto p : dynamic_drawing_objects_)
+			for (auto p : data_impl_->draws)
 			{
 				if(p->diehard())
 					then.push_back(p);
@@ -325,7 +344,7 @@ namespace nana
 					delete p;
 			}
 
-			then.swap(dynamic_drawing_objects_);
+			then.swap(data_impl_->draws);
 		}
 
 		void* drawer::draw(std::function<void(paint::graphics&)> && f, bool diehard)
@@ -333,7 +352,7 @@ namespace nana
 			if(f)
 			{
 				auto p = new dynamic_drawing::user_draw_function(std::move(f), diehard);
-				dynamic_drawing_objects_.push_back(p);
+				data_impl_->draws.push_back(p);
 				return (diehard ? p : nullptr);
 			}
 			return nullptr;
@@ -343,11 +362,11 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			if(p)
 			{
-				for (auto i = dynamic_drawing_objects_.begin(); i != dynamic_drawing_objects_.end(); ++i)
+				for (auto i = data_impl_->draws.begin(); i != data_impl_->draws.end(); ++i)
 					if (*i == p)
 					{
 						delete (*i);
-						dynamic_drawing_objects_.erase(i);
+						data_impl_->draws.erase(i);
 						break;
 					}
 			}
@@ -355,25 +374,25 @@ namespace nana
 
 		void drawer::_m_bground_pre()
 		{
-			if(core_window_->effect.bground && core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate < 0.01)
+			if (data_impl_->window_handle->effect.bground && data_impl_->window_handle->effect.bground_fade_rate < 0.01)
-				core_window_->other.glass_buffer.paste(graphics, 0, 0);
+				data_impl_->window_handle->other.glass_buffer.paste(graphics, 0, 0);
 		}
 
 		void drawer::_m_bground_end()
 		{
-			if(core_window_->effect.bground && core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate >= 0.01)
+			if (data_impl_->window_handle->effect.bground && data_impl_->window_handle->effect.bground_fade_rate >= 0.01)
-				core_window_->other.glass_buffer.blend(::nana::rectangle{ core_window_->other.glass_buffer.size() }, graphics, nana::point(), core_window_->effect.bground_fade_rate);
+				data_impl_->window_handle->other.glass_buffer.blend(::nana::rectangle{ data_impl_->window_handle->other.glass_buffer.size() }, graphics, nana::point(), data_impl_->window_handle->effect.bground_fade_rate);
 		}
 
 		void drawer::_m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object()
 		{
-			for(auto * dw : dynamic_drawing_objects_)
+			for (auto * dw : data_impl_->draws)
 				dw->draw(graphics);
 		}
 
 		bool drawer::_m_lazy_decleared() const
 		{
-			return (basic_window::update_state::refresh == core_window_->other.upd_state);
+			return (basic_window::update_state::refresh == data_impl_->window_handle->other.upd_state);
 		}
 	}//end namespace detail
 }//end namespace nana

source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ namespace nana
 							nana::point p_src;
 							for (auto & el : blocks)
 							{
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 								if (category::flags::frame == el.window->other.category)
 								{
 									native_window_type container = el.window->other.attribute.frame->container;
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ namespace nana
 									graph.bitblt(el.r, container);
 								}
 								else
+#endif
 								{
 									p_src.x = el.r.x - el.window->pos_root.x;
 									p_src.y = el.r.y - el.window->pos_root.y;

source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ namespace detail
 			switch(evtid)
 			{
 			case event_code::mouse_drop:
-				wd->flags.dropable = (is_make || (0 != wd->together.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.length()));
+				wd->flags.dropable = (is_make || (0 != wd->annex.events_ptr->mouse_dropfiles.length()));
 				break;
 			default:
 				break;
@@ -277,8 +277,12 @@ namespace detail
 					if (owner->flags.destroying)
 						throw std::runtime_error("the specified owner is destory");
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 					native = (category::flags::frame == owner->other.category ?
 										owner->other.attribute.frame->container : owner->root_widget->root);
+#else
+					native = owner->root_widget->root;
+#endif
 					r.x += owner->pos_root.x;
 					r.y += owner->pos_root.y;
 				}
@@ -311,8 +315,10 @@ namespace detail
 				wd->bind_native_window(result.native_handle, result.width, result.height, result.extra_width, result.extra_height, value->root_graph);
 				impl_->wd_register.insert(wd, wd->thread_id);
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 				if (owner && (category::flags::frame == owner->other.category))
 					insert_frame(owner, wd);
+#endif
 
 				bedrock::inc_window(wd->thread_id);
 				this->icon(wd, impl_->default_icon_small, impl_->default_icon_big);
@@ -321,6 +327,7 @@ namespace detail
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		window_manager::core_window_t* window_manager::create_frame(core_window_t* parent, const rectangle& r, widget* wdg)
 		{
 			//Thread-Safe Required!
@@ -337,6 +344,7 @@ namespace detail
 			return (wd);
 		}
 
+
 		bool window_manager::insert_frame(core_window_t* frame, native_window wd)
 		{
 			if(frame)
@@ -367,6 +375,7 @@ namespace detail
 			}
 			return false;
 		}
+#endif
 
 		window_manager::core_window_t* window_manager::create_widget(core_window_t* parent, const rectangle& r, bool is_lite, widget* wdg)
 		{
@@ -461,7 +470,11 @@ namespace detail
 			std::lock_guard<decltype(mutex_)> lock(mutex_);
 			if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd) == false)	return;
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 			if((category::flags::root == wd->other.category) || (category::flags::frame != wd->other.category))
+#else
+			if (category::flags::root == wd->other.category)
+#endif
 			{
 				impl_->misc_register.erase(wd->root);
 				impl_->wd_register.remove(wd);
@@ -498,6 +511,7 @@ namespace detail
 
 			if(visible != wd->visible)
 			{
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 				native_window_type nv = nullptr;
 				switch(wd->other.category)
 				{
@@ -508,6 +522,9 @@ namespace detail
 				default:	//category::widget_tag, category::lite_widget_tag
 					break;
 				}
+#else
+				auto nv = (category::flags::root == wd->other.category ? wd->root : nullptr);
+#endif
 
 				if(visible && wd->effect.bground)
 					window_layer::make_bground(wd);
@@ -717,12 +734,14 @@ namespace detail
 					if(false == passive)
 						native_interface::window_size(wd->root, sz + nana::size(wd->extra_width, wd->extra_height));
 				}
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 				else if(category::flags::frame == wd->other.category)
 				{
 					native_interface::window_size(wd->other.attribute.frame->container, sz);
 					for(auto natwd : wd->other.attribute.frame->attach)
 						native_interface::window_size(natwd, sz);
 				}
+#endif
 				else
 				{
 					//update the bground buffer of glass window.
@@ -943,8 +962,8 @@ namespace detail
 
 				if (impl_->wd_register.available(prev_focus))
 				{
-					if(prev_focus->together.caret)
+					if(prev_focus->annex.caret_ptr)
-						prev_focus->together.caret->set_active(false);
+						prev_focus->annex.caret_ptr->activate(false);
 
 					arg.getting = false;
 					arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(prev_focus);
@@ -961,8 +980,8 @@ namespace detail
 				return prev_focus; //no new focus_window
 
 
-			if(wd->together.caret)
+			if(wd->annex.caret_ptr)
-				wd->together.caret->set_active(true);
+				wd->annex.caret_ptr->activate(true);
 
 			arg.window_handle = reinterpret_cast<window>(wd);
 			arg.getting = true;
@@ -1446,6 +1465,7 @@ namespace detail
 				}
 			}
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 			if (category::flags::frame == wd->other.category)
 			{
 				//remove the frame handle from the WM frames manager.
@@ -1454,6 +1474,7 @@ namespace detail
 				if (established)
 					pa_root_attr->frames.push_back(wd);
 			}
+#endif
 
 			if (established)
 			{
@@ -1507,11 +1528,11 @@ namespace detail
 
 			wd->flags.destroying = true;
 
-			if(wd->together.caret)
+			if(wd->annex.caret_ptr)
 			{
 				//The deletion of caret wants to know whether the window is destroyed under SOME platform. Such as X11
-				delete wd->together.caret;
+				delete wd->annex.caret_ptr;
-				wd->together.caret = nullptr;
+				wd->annex.caret_ptr = nullptr;
 			}
 
 			arg_destroy arg;
@@ -1552,6 +1573,7 @@ namespace detail
 			wd->drawer.detached();
 			wd->widget_notifier->destroy();
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 			if(category::flags::frame == wd->other.category)
 			{
 				//The frame widget does not have an owner, and close their element windows without activating owner.
@@ -1561,6 +1583,7 @@ namespace detail
 
 				native_interface::close_window(wd->other.attribute.frame->container);
 			}
+#endif
 
 			if(wd->other.category != category::flags::root)	//Not a root window
 				impl_->wd_register.remove(wd);
@@ -1571,13 +1594,18 @@ namespace detail
 			if(category::flags::root != wd->other.category)	//A root widget always starts at (0, 0) and its childs are not to be changed
 			{
 				wd->pos_root += delta;
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 				if (category::flags::frame != wd->other.category)
 				{
-					if (wd->together.caret && wd->together.caret->visible())
+					if (wd->annex.caret_ptr && wd->annex.caret_ptr->visible())
-						wd->together.caret->update();
+						wd->annex.caret_ptr->update();
 				}
 				else
 					native_interface::move_window(wd->other.attribute.frame->container, wd->pos_root.x, wd->pos_root.y);
+#else
+				if (wd->annex.caret_ptr && wd->annex.caret_ptr->visible())
+					wd->annex.caret_ptr->update();
+#endif
 
 				if (wd->displayed() && wd->effect.bground)
 					window_layer::make_bground(wd);

source/gui/programming_interface.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace API
 	{
 		::nana::widget_geometrics* make_scheme(::nana::detail::scheme_factory_interface&& factory)
 		{
-			return restrict::bedrock.make_scheme(static_cast<::nana::detail::scheme_factory_interface&&>(factory));
+			return restrict::bedrock.scheme().create(static_cast<::nana::detail::scheme_factory_interface&&>(factory));
 		}
 
 		bool emit_event(event_code evt_code, window wd, const ::nana::event_arg& arg)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace API
 			if (!restrict::wd_manager().available(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)))
 				return nullptr;
 
-			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->together.events_ptr.get();
+			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->annex.events_ptr.get();
 		}
 	}//end namespace detail
 
@@ -200,14 +200,14 @@ namespace API
 			auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
 			internal_scope_guard lock;
 			if (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
-				iwd->scheme = wdg_geom;
+				iwd->annex.scheme = wdg_geom;
 		}
 
 		widget_geometrics* get_scheme(window wd)
 		{
 			auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
 			internal_scope_guard lock;
-			return (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) ? iwd->scheme : nullptr);
+			return (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) ? iwd->annex.scheme : nullptr);
 		}
 
 		void attach_drawer(widget& wd, drawer_trigger& dr)
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ namespace API
 			if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
 			{
 				iwd->drawer.graphics.make(iwd->dimension);
-				iwd->drawer.graphics.rectangle(true, iwd->scheme->background.get_color());
+				iwd->drawer.graphics.rectangle(true, iwd->annex.scheme->background.get_color());
 				iwd->drawer.attached(wd, dr);
 				iwd->drawer.refresh();	//Always redrawe no matter it is visible or invisible. This can make the graphics data correctly.
 			}
@@ -266,10 +266,12 @@ namespace API
 			return reinterpret_cast<window>(restrict::wd_manager().create_widget(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(parent), r, true, wdg));
 		}
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 		window create_frame(window parent, const rectangle& r, widget* wdg)
 		{
 			return reinterpret_cast<window>(restrict::wd_manager().create_frame(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(parent), r, wdg));
 		}
+#endif
 
 		paint::graphics* window_graphics(window wd)
 		{
@@ -546,6 +548,7 @@ namespace API
 			reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->flags.fullscreen = v;
 	}
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
 	bool insert_frame(window frame, native_window_type native_window)
 	{
 		return restrict::wd_manager().insert_frame(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(frame), native_window);
@@ -571,6 +574,7 @@ namespace API
 		}
 		return nullptr;
 	}
+#endif
 
 	void close_window(window wd)
 	{
@@ -1022,7 +1026,7 @@ namespace API
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->scheme->foreground.get_color();
+			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->annex.scheme->foreground.get_color();
 		return{};
 	}
 
@@ -1032,10 +1036,10 @@ namespace API
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
 		{
-			auto prev = iwd->scheme->foreground.get_color();
+			auto prev = iwd->annex.scheme->foreground.get_color();
 			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->scheme->foreground = clr;
+				iwd->annex.scheme->foreground = clr;
 				restrict::wd_manager().update(iwd, true, false);
 			}
 			return prev;
@@ -1047,7 +1051,7 @@ namespace API
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->scheme->background.get_color();
+			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->annex.scheme->background.get_color();
 		return{};
 	}
 
@@ -1057,10 +1061,10 @@ namespace API
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
 		{
-			auto prev = iwd->scheme->background.get_color();
+			auto prev = iwd->annex.scheme->background.get_color();
 			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->scheme->background = clr;
+				iwd->annex.scheme->background = clr;
 
 				//If the bground mode of this window is basic, it should remake the background
 				if (iwd->effect.bground && iwd->effect.bground_fade_rate < 0.01) // fade rate < 0.01 means it is basic mode
@@ -1077,7 +1081,7 @@ namespace API
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->scheme->activated.get_color();
+			return reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd)->annex.scheme->activated.get_color();
 		return{};
 	}
 
@@ -1087,10 +1091,10 @@ namespace API
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
 		{
-			auto prev = iwd->scheme->activated.get_color();
+			auto prev = iwd->annex.scheme->activated.get_color();
 			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->scheme->activated = clr;
+				iwd->annex.scheme->activated = clr;
 				restrict::wd_manager().update(iwd, true, false);
 			}
 			return prev;
@@ -1099,12 +1103,99 @@ namespace API
 		return{};
 	}
 
-	void create_caret(window wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
+	class caret_proxy
+		: public caret_interface
+	{
+	public:
+		caret_proxy(basic_window* wd)
+			: window_{ wd }
+		{}
+
+		void disable_throw() noexcept override
+		{
+			throw_ = false;
+		}
+
+		void effective_range(const rectangle& range) override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				caret->effective_range(range);
+		}
+
+		void position(const point& pos) override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				caret->position(pos);
+		}
+
+		point position() const override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				return caret->position();
+
+			return{};
+		}
+
+		void dimension(const size& size) override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				caret->dimension(size);
+		}
+
+		size dimension() const override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				return caret->dimension();
+
+			return{};
+		}
+
+		void visible(bool visibility) override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			if (caret)
+				caret->visible(visibility);
+		}
+
+		bool visible() const override
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto caret = _m_caret();
+			return (caret && caret->visible());
+		}
+	private:
+		caret_interface* _m_caret() const
+		{
+			if (restrict::wd_manager().available(window_) && window_->annex.caret_ptr)
+				return window_->annex.caret_ptr;
+
+			if (throw_)
+				throw std::runtime_error("nana.api: access invalid caret");
+
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+	private:
+		basic_window* const window_;
+		bool throw_{ true };
+	};
+
+	void create_caret(window wd, const size& caret_size)
 	{
 		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && (nullptr == iwd->together.caret))
+		if (restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && !(iwd->annex.caret_ptr))
-			iwd->together.caret = new ::nana::detail::caret_descriptor(iwd, width, height);
+			iwd->annex.caret_ptr = new ::nana::detail::caret(iwd, caret_size);
 	}
 
 	void destroy_caret(window wd)
@@ -1113,72 +1204,19 @@ namespace API
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd))
 		{
-			auto p = iwd->together.caret;
+			auto p = iwd->annex.caret_ptr;
-			iwd->together.caret = nullptr;
+			iwd->annex.caret_ptr = nullptr;
 			delete p;
 		}
 	}
 
-	void caret_pos(window wd, const point& pos)
+	std::unique_ptr<caret_interface> open_caret(window window_handle, bool disable_throw)
 	{		
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
+		auto p = new caret_proxy{ reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(window_handle) };
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
+		if (disable_throw)
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
+			p->disable_throw();
-			iwd->together.caret->position(pos.x, pos.y);
-	}
 
-	nana::point caret_pos(window wd)
+		return std::unique_ptr<caret_interface>{ p };
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			return iwd->together.caret->position();
-
-		return{};
-	}
-
-	void caret_effective_range(window wd, const nana::rectangle& rect)
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			iwd->together.caret->effective_range(rect);
-	}
-
-	void caret_size(window wd, const nana::size& sz)
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard isg;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			iwd->together.caret->size(sz);
-	}
-
-	nana::size caret_size(window wd)
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			return iwd->together.caret->size();
-
-		return{};
-	}
-
-	void caret_visible(window wd, bool is_show)
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			iwd->together.caret->visible(is_show);
-	}
-
-	bool caret_visible(window wd)
-	{
-		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<basic_window*>(wd);
-		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::wd_manager().available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			return iwd->together.caret->visible();
-
-		return false;
 	}
 
 	void tabstop(window wd)

source/gui/widgets/form.cpp

@@ -28,27 +28,61 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				graph.rectangle(true, API::bgcolor(*wd_));
 			}
+			//end class trigger
+
+			//class form_base
+				form_base::form_base(window owner, bool nested, const rectangle& r, const appearance& app)
+					: widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, detail::events_root_extension>(owner, nested, r, app)
+				{}
+
+				place & form_base::get_place()
+				{
+					if (this->empty())
+						throw std::runtime_error("form::get_plac: the form has destroyed.");
+
+					if (!place_)
+						place_.reset(new place{ *this });
+
+					return *place_;
+				}
+
+				void form_base::div(const char* div_text)
+				{
+					get_place().div(div_text);
+				}
+
+				place::field_reference form_base::operator[](const char* field_name)
+				{
+					return get_place()[field_name];
+				}
+
+				void form_base::collocate() noexcept
+				{
+					if (place_)
+						place_->collocate();
+				}
+			//end class form_base
 		}//end namespace form
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
 
 	//class form
-	typedef widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, ::nana::detail::events_root_extension> form_base_t;
+		using form_base = drawerbase::form::form_base;
 
 		form::form(const form& fm, const ::nana::size& sz, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(fm.handle(), false, API::make_center(fm.handle(), sz.width, sz.height), apr)
+			: form_base(fm.handle(), false, API::make_center(fm.handle(), sz.width, sz.height), apr)
 		{
 		}
 
 		form::form(const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(nullptr, false, r, apr)
+			: form_base(nullptr, false, r, apr)
 		{}
 
 		form::form(window owner, const ::nana::size& sz, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(owner, false, API::make_center(owner, sz.width, sz.height), apr)
+			: form_base(owner, false, API::make_center(owner, sz.width, sz.height), apr)
 		{}
 
 		form::form(window owner, const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(owner, false, r, apr)
+			: form_base(owner, false, r, apr)
 		{}
 
 		void form::modality() const
@@ -64,21 +98,21 @@ namespace nana
 
 	//class nested_form
 		nested_form::nested_form(const form& fm, const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(fm.handle(), true, r, apr)
+			: form_base(fm.handle(), true, r, apr)
 		{
 		}
 
 		nested_form::nested_form(const nested_form& fm, const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(fm.handle(), true, r, apr)
+			: form_base(fm.handle(), true, r, apr)
 		{
 		}
 
 		nested_form::nested_form(window owner, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(owner, true, rectangle(), apr)
+			: form_base(owner, true, rectangle(), apr)
 		{}
 
 		nested_form::nested_form(window owner, const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
-			: form_base_t(owner, true, r, apr)
+			: form_base(owner, true, r, apr)
 		{}
 	//end nested_form
 }//end namespace nana

source/gui/widgets/frame.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/frame.hpp>
 
+#ifndef WIDGET_FRAME_DEPRECATED
+
 namespace nana
 {
 	//class frame:: public widget_object<category::frame_tag>
@@ -45,3 +47,5 @@ namespace nana
 	//end class frame
 }//end namespace nana
 
+#endif
+

source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp

@@ -376,9 +376,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 							auto str_px = static_cast<int>(editor_._m_text_extent_size(ent.begin, len).width);
 							if (scrpos.x < str_px)
 							{
-								std::unique_ptr<unsigned[]> pxbuf(new unsigned[len]);
+								res.x = editor_._m_char_by_pixels(ent, static_cast<unsigned>(scrpos.x));
-
-								res.x = editor_._m_char_by_pixels(ent.begin, len, pxbuf.get(), str_px, scrpos.x, is_right_text(ent));
 								res.x += static_cast<unsigned>(ent.begin - lnstr.data());
 								return res;
 							}
@@ -837,9 +835,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 					auto str_px = static_cast<int>(editor_._m_text_extent_size(ent.begin, len).width);
 					if (scrpos.x < str_px)
 					{
-						std::unique_ptr<unsigned[]> pxbuf(new unsigned[len]);
+						res.x += editor_._m_char_by_pixels(ent, scrpos.x);
-
-						res.x += editor_._m_char_by_pixels(ent.begin, len, pxbuf.get(), str_px, scrpos.x, is_right_text(ent));
 						res.x += static_cast<unsigned>(ent.begin - str);
 						return res;
 					}
@@ -1281,7 +1277,9 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 		//class text_editor
 		text_editor::text_editor(window wd, graph_reference graph, const text_editor_scheme* schm)
 			:	behavior_(new behavior_normal(*this)),
-				window_(wd), graph_(graph),
+				window_(wd),
+				caret_(API::open_caret(wd, true)),
+				graph_(graph),
 				scheme_(schm), keywords_(new keywords)
 		{
 			text_area_.area = graph.size();
@@ -1295,7 +1293,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			select_.mode_selection = selection::mode::no_selected;
 			select_.ignore_press = false;
 
-			API::create_caret(wd, 1, line_height());
+			API::create_caret(wd, { 1, line_height() });
 			API::bgcolor(wd, colors::white);
 			API::fgcolor(wd, colors::black);
 
@@ -1864,18 +1862,17 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			{
 				visible = true;
 				if (line_bottom > _m_end_pos(false))
-					API::caret_size(window_, nana::size(1, line_pixels - (line_bottom - _m_end_pos(false))));
+					caret_->dimension(nana::size(1, line_pixels - (line_bottom - _m_end_pos(false))));
-				else if (API::caret_size(window_).height != line_pixels)
+				else if (caret_->dimension().height != line_pixels)
 					reset_caret_pixels();
 			}
 
 			if(!attributes_.editable)
 				visible = false;
 
-			API::caret_visible(window_, visible);
+			caret_->visible(visible);
-
 			if(visible)
-				API::caret_pos(window_, pos);
+				caret_->position(pos);
 		}
 
 		void text_editor::move_caret_end()
@@ -1887,7 +1884,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 
 		void text_editor::reset_caret_pixels() const
 		{
-			API::caret_size(window_, nana::size(1, line_height()));
+			caret_->dimension({ 1, line_height() });
 		}
 
 		void text_editor::reset_caret()
@@ -1898,7 +1895,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 		void text_editor::show_caret(bool isshow)
 		{
 			if(isshow == false || API::is_focus_ready(window_))
-				API::caret_visible(window_, isshow);
+				caret_->visible(isshow);
 		}
 
 		bool text_editor::selected() const
@@ -2004,7 +2001,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			if (attributes_.line_wrapped)
 				exclude_px = text_area_.vscroll;
 			else
-				exclude_px = API::caret_size(window_).width;
+				exclude_px = caret_->dimension().width;
 
 			return (text_area_.area.width > exclude_px ? text_area_.area.width - exclude_px : 0);
 		}
@@ -3452,42 +3449,48 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			points_.offset.y = y;
 		}
 
-		unsigned text_editor::_m_char_by_pixels(const wchar_t* str, std::size_t len, unsigned * pxbuf, int str_px, int pixels, bool is_rtl)
+		unsigned text_editor::_m_char_by_pixels(const unicode_bidi::entity& ent, unsigned pos)
 		{
-			if (graph_.glyph_pixels(str, len, pxbuf))
+			unsigned len = ent.end - ent.begin;
-			{
-				if (is_rtl)
-				{	//RTL
-					for (std::size_t u = 0; u < len; ++u)
-					{
-						auto px = static_cast<int>(pxbuf[u]);
-						auto chbeg = str_px - px;
-						if (chbeg <= pixels && pixels < str_px)
-						{
-							if ((px < 2) || (pixels <= chbeg + (px >> 1)))
-								return static_cast<unsigned>(u + 1);
 
-							return static_cast<unsigned>(u);
+			std::unique_ptr<unsigned[]> pxbuf(new unsigned[len]);
+			if (graph_.glyph_pixels(ent.begin, len, pxbuf.get()))
+			{
+				const auto px_end = pxbuf.get() + len;
+
+				if (is_right_text(ent))
+				{
+					auto total_px = std::accumulate(pxbuf.get(), px_end, static_cast<unsigned>(0));
+
+					for (auto p = pxbuf.get(); p != px_end; ++p)
+					{
+						auto chpos = total_px - *p;
+						if ((chpos <= pos) && (pos < total_px))
+						{
+							if ((*p < 2) || (pos <= chpos + (*p >> 1)))
+								return static_cast<unsigned>(p - pxbuf.get()) + 1;
+
+							return static_cast<unsigned>(p - pxbuf.get());
 						}
-						str_px = chbeg;
+						total_px = chpos;
 					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					//LTR
+					for (auto p = pxbuf.get(); p != px_end; ++p)
-					for (std::size_t u = 0; u < len; ++u)
 					{
-						auto px = static_cast<int>(pxbuf[u]);
+						if (pos < *p)
-						if (pixels < px)
 						{
-							if ((px > 1) && (pixels > (px >> 1)))
+							if ((*p > 1) && (pos >(*p >> 1)))
-								return static_cast<unsigned>(u + 1);
+								return static_cast<unsigned>(p - pxbuf.get()) + 1;
-							return static_cast<unsigned>(u);
+							return static_cast<unsigned>(p - pxbuf.get());
 						}
-						pixels -= px;
+
+						pos -= *p;
 					}
 				}
 			}
+
 			return 0;
 		}
 

source/paint/pixel_buffer.cpp

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 	struct pixel_buffer::pixel_buffer_storage
 		: private nana::noncopyable
 	{
+		pixel_buffer_storage(const pixel_buffer_storage& other) = delete;
 		pixel_buffer_storage& operator=(const pixel_buffer_storage&) = delete;
 
 		bool _m_alloc()
@@ -112,18 +113,6 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 			}
 		}img_pro;
 
-		pixel_buffer_storage(const pixel_buffer_storage& other) :
-			drawable{ other.drawable },
-			valid_r{ other.valid_r },
-			pixel_size{ other.pixel_size },
-			bytes_per_line{ other.bytes_per_line },
-			alpha_channel{ other.alpha_channel },
-			img_pro{ other.img_pro }
-		{
-			if (_m_alloc())
-				std::memcpy(raw_pixel_buffer, other.raw_pixel_buffer, pixel_size.width * pixel_size.height);
-		}
-
 		pixel_buffer_storage(std::size_t width, std::size_t height)
 			:	drawable(nullptr),
 				valid_r(0, 0, static_cast<unsigned>(width), static_cast<unsigned>(height)),