NANA_POSIX for bits common to Linux, MacOS and BSD. OSS sound as fall-back for POSIX. Cheat for detecting default browser on POSIX.

include/nana/audio/detail/audio_device.hpp

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+    #include <sys/soundcard.h>
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 	#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
 #endif
@@ -34,7 +36,6 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 			static void __stdcall _m_dev_callback(HWAVEOUT handle, UINT msg, audio_device * self, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR);
 #endif
 
-	
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			HWAVEOUT handle_;
 			std::recursive_mutex queue_lock_;
@@ -45,6 +46,12 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 			std::size_t channels_;
 			std::size_t bytes_per_sample_;
 			std::size_t bytes_per_frame_;
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+			int handle_;
+			int rate_;
+			int channels_;
+			int bytes_per_sample_;
+			int bytes_per_frame_;
 #endif
 			buffer_preparation * buf_prep_;
 		};

include/nana/audio/detail/audio_stream.hpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio{
 					unsigned short	wBitsPerSample;
 				};
 			#pragma pack()
-		#elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
+		#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct master_riff_chunk
 			{
 				unsigned	ckID;	//"RIFF"

include/nana/audio/detail/buffer_preparation.hpp

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 		public:
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			typedef WAVEHDR meta;
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct meta
 			{
 				char * buf;

include/nana/c++defines.hpp

@@ -68,9 +68,16 @@
 #	endif
 #endif
 
+// Set this to "UTF-32" at the command-line for big endian.
+#ifndef NANA_UNICODE
+    // much of the world runs intel compatible processors so default to LE.
+	#define NANA_UNICODE "UTF-32LE"
+#endif
+
 // Select platform  ......
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)	//Microsoft Windows
 	#define NANA_WINDOWS
+	typedef DWORD_PTR thread_t;
 
 	// MINGW ...
 	#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__) || defined(MINGW)
@@ -79,24 +86,23 @@
 
 #elif defined(APPLE)	//Mac OS X
 	//Symbols for MACOS
-
 	#define NANA_MACOS
+	#define NANA_POSIX
 	#define NANA_X11
-
+	typedef long long thread_t;
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+	#define NANA_POSIX
+	#define NANA_X11
+	typedef long long thread_t;
 #elif (defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__) || defined(__GNU__) || defined(__GLIBC__)) && !defined(_CRAYC)	//Linux
 	#define NANA_LINUX
-	#define NANA_X11
-#else
-	static_assert(false, "Only Windows and Unix are supported now (Mac OS is experimental)");
-#endif
-
-//Define a symbol for POSIX operating system.
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
 	#define NANA_POSIX
+	#define NANA_X11
+	typedef long long thread_t;
+#else
+	static_assert(false, "Only Windows and Linux are supported now (Mac OS and BSD are experimental)");
 #endif
 
-
-
 // Select compiler ...
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)	//Microsoft Visual C++
 	#define _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNNGS

include/nana/filesystem/filesystem_ext.hpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace filesystem_ext
     constexpr auto const def_root = "C:";
     constexpr auto const def_rootstr = "C:\\";
     constexpr auto const def_rootname = "Local Drive(C:)";
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
     constexpr auto const def_root = "/";
     constexpr auto const def_rootstr = "/";
     constexpr auto const def_rootname = "Root/";

include/nana/gui/detail/basic_window.hpp

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace detail
 		void _m_init_pos_and_size(basic_window* parent, const rectangle&);
 		void _m_initialize(basic_window* parent);
 	public:
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 		point	pos_native;
 #endif
 		point	pos_root;	///< coordinates of the root window
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ namespace detail
 		}other;
 
 		native_window_type	root;		    ///< root Window handle
-		unsigned			thread_id;		///< the identifier of the thread that created the window.
+		thread_t			thread_id;		///< the identifier of the thread that created the window.
 		unsigned			index;
 		container			children;
 	};

include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp

@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ namespace detail
 		~bedrock();
 		void pump_event(window, bool is_modal);
 		void flush_surface(core_window_t*, bool forced, const rectangle* update_area = nullptr);
-		static int inc_window(unsigned tid = 0);
+		static int inc_window(thread_t tid = 0);
-		thread_context* open_thread_context(unsigned tid = 0);
+		thread_context* open_thread_context(thread_t tid = 0);
-		thread_context* get_thread_context(unsigned tid = 0);
+		thread_context* get_thread_context(thread_t tid = 0);
-		void remove_thread_context(unsigned tid = 0);
+		void remove_thread_context(thread_t tid = 0);
 		static bedrock& instance();
 
 		core_window_t* focus();
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ namespace detail
 		void map_through_widgets(core_window_t*, native_drawable_type);
 
 		//Closes the windows which are associated with the specified thread. If the given thread_id is 0, it closes all windows
-		void close_thread_window(unsigned thread_id);
+		void close_thread_window(thread_t thread_id);
 	public:
 		void event_expose(core_window_t *, bool exposed);
 		void event_move(core_window_t*, int x, int y);

include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace detail
 		core_window_t* find_shortkey(native_window_type, unsigned long key);
 
 		void set_safe_place(core_window_t* wd, std::function<void()>&& fn);
-		void call_safe_place(unsigned thread_id);
+		void call_safe_place(thread_t thread_id);
 	private:
 		void _m_disengage(core_window_t*, core_window_t* for_new);
 		void _m_destroy(core_window_t*);

include/nana/system/platform.hpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace system
 
 	//this_thread_id
 	//@brief: get the identifier of calling thread.
-	unsigned long this_thread_id();
+	thread_t this_thread_id();
 
 	//timestamp
 	//@brief: it retrieves the timestamp at the time the function is called.

source/audio/detail/audio_device.cpp

@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@
 
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 	#include <pthread.h>
 	#include <unistd.h>
 	#include <sys/time.h>
 	#include <errno.h>
+	#include <fcntl.h>
+
+    static bool get_default_audio(std::string &, bool);
 #endif
 
 namespace nana{namespace audio
@@ -47,6 +50,8 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 			audio_device::audio_device()
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 				: handle_(nullptr), buf_prep_(nullptr)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+				: handle_(-1), buf_prep_(nullptr)
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 				: handle_(nullptr), buf_prep_(nullptr)
 #endif
@@ -59,7 +64,11 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 
 			bool audio_device::empty() const
 			{
+			    #ifdef NANA_POSIX
+				return (-1 == handle_);
+			    #else
 				return (nullptr == handle_);
+				#endif
 			}
 
 			bool audio_device::open(std::size_t channels, std::size_t rate, std::size_t bits_per_sample)
@@ -80,6 +89,7 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 				MMRESULT mmr = wave_native_if.out_open(&handle_, WAVE_MAPPER, &wfx, reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(&audio_device::_m_dev_callback), reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(this), CALLBACK_FUNCTION);
 				return (mmr == MMSYSERR_NOERROR);
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
+                // assumes ALSA sub-system
 				if(nullptr == handle_)
 				{
 					if(::snd_pcm_open(&handle_, "plughw:0,0", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0) < 0)
@@ -158,7 +168,52 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 					::snd_pcm_prepare(handle_);
 					return true;
 				}
-				return false;
+                return false;
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+                std::string dsp;
+                if ( !get_default_audio(dsp, true) )
+                    return false;
+                handle_ = ::open(dsp.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
+                if (handle_ == -1)
+                    return false;
+
+                int zero = 0;
+                int caps = 0;
+                int fragment = 0x200008L;
+                int ok;
+                ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_COOKEDMODE, &zero);
+                if (ok >= 0)
+                {
+                    ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT, &fragment);
+                    if (ok >= 0)
+                    {
+                        ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_GETCAPS, &caps);
+                        if (ok >= 0)
+                        {
+                            ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &bits_per_sample);
+                            if (ok >= 0)
+                            {
+                                ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &channels);
+                                if (ok >= 0)
+                                {
+                                    ok = ioctl(handle_, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &rate);
+                                    if (ok >= 0)
+                                    {
+                                        channels_ = channels;
+                                        rate_ = rate;
+                                        bytes_per_sample_ = ( (bits_per_sample + 7) >> 3 );
+                                        bytes_per_frame_ = bytes_per_sample_ * channels;
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // failure so close handle.
+                ::close(handle_);
+                handle_ = -1;
+                return false;
 #endif
 			}
 
@@ -168,10 +223,14 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 				{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 					wave_native_if.out_close(handle_);
+					handle_ = nullptr;
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+                    ::close(handle_);
+					handle_ = 0;
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 					::snd_pcm_close(handle_);
-#endif
 					handle_ = nullptr;
+#endif
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -190,6 +249,11 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 
 				wave_native_if.out_prepare(handle_, m, sizeof(WAVEHDR));
 				wave_native_if.out_write(handle_, m, sizeof(WAVEHDR));
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+                // consider moving this to a background thread.
+                // currently this blocks calling thread.
+                ::write(handle_, m->buf, m->bufsize);
+				buf_prep_->revert(m);
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 				std::size_t frames = m->bufsize / bytes_per_frame_;
 				std::size_t buffered = 0; //in bytes
@@ -240,4 +304,144 @@ namespace nana{namespace audio
 }//end namespace audio
 }//end namespace nana
 
+#ifdef NANA_POSIX
+// parse input securely, no-overruns or overflows.
+static bool match(char *&cursor, const char *pattern, const char *tail)
+{
+	char *skim = cursor;
+	while (*skim != '\n' && *pattern != 0 && cursor != tail)
+	{
+		if (*pattern != *skim)
+			return false;
+		pattern++;
+		skim++;
+	}
+	if (*pattern == 0)
+	{
+		cursor = skim;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+// parse input securely, no-overruns or overflows.
+static bool skip(char *&cursor, const char stop, const char *tail)
+{
+	char *skim = cursor;
+	while (*skim != '\n' && cursor != tail)
+	{
+		if (stop == *skim)
+		{
+			cursor = skim;
+			return true;
+		}
+		skim++;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+struct audio_device
+{
+    // pcm name
+    std::string device;
+    // /dev/dsp
+    std::string path;
+    // terse description
+    std::string description;
+    // can record eg. microphone or line-in.
+    bool rec;
+    // can play - speaker, headphone or line-out.
+    bool play;
+    // is the default device.
+    bool chosen;
+};
+
+static bool get_audio_devices(std::vector<audio_device> &list)
+{
+	// read the sndstat device to get a list of audio devices.
+	// mostly OSS but some ALSA installs mimic this.
+	FILE *cat = fopen("/dev/sndstat", "r");
+	if (cat != 0)
+	{
+		char line[128] = {0};
+		const char *last = line + sizeof line;
+		while ( fgets(line, sizeof line, cat) != 0 )
+		{
+			// extract five things about a device: name, description, play, rec, and default.
+		    audio_device next;
+			char *cursor = line;
+			// ignore these lines
+			if ( match(cursor, "Installed", last) || match(cursor, "No devices", last) )
+				continue;
+
+			const char *device = cursor;
+			if ( !skip(cursor, ':', last) )
+				continue;
+			// nul terminate device name.
+			*cursor++ = 0;
+			next.device = device;
+
+			if ( !skip(cursor, '<', last) )
+				continue;
+
+			const char *description = ++cursor;
+			if ( !skip(cursor, '>', last) )
+				continue;
+			// nul terminate description.
+			*cursor++ = 0;
+			next.description = description;
+
+			if ( !skip(cursor, '(', last) )
+				continue;
+
+			cursor++;
+			// supports play?
+			next.play = match(cursor, "play", last);
+			if (next.play)
+				match(cursor, "/", last);
+
+			// supports record?
+			next.rec = match(cursor, "rec", last);
+			if ( !skip(cursor, ')', last) )
+				continue;
+
+			cursor++;
+			// default ?
+			if ( match(cursor, " ", last) )
+				next.chosen = match(cursor, "default", last);
+
+            if (next.device.compare(0, 3, "pcm") == 0)
+            {
+                // proper dev path with number appended.
+                next.path = "/dev/dsp";
+                next.path += next.device.c_str() + 3;
+            }
+
+            list.push_back(next);
+		}
+		fclose(cat);
+	}
+	return list.size() > 0;
+}
+
+static bool get_default_audio(std::string &dsp, bool play)
+{
+    std::vector<audio_device> list;
+    if ( !get_audio_devices(list) )
+        return false;
+    for (auto it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); it++)
+    {
+        if ( (it->play && play) || (it->rec && !play) )
+        {
+            if (it->chosen)
+            {
+                dsp = it->path;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+#endif //NANA_POSIX
+
 #endif //NANA_ENABLE_AUDIO

source/audio/detail/buffer_preparation.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 					memset(m, 0, sizeof(meta));
 					m->dwBufferLength = static_cast<unsigned long>(block_size_);
 					m->lpData = rawbuf + sizeof(meta);
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 					m->bufsize = ck.nAvgBytesPerSec;
 					m->buf = rawbuf + sizeof(meta);
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 						{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 							memcpy(m->lpData + buffered, buf, read_bytes);
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 							memcpy(m->buf + buffered, buf, read_bytes);
 #endif
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace audio
 					}
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 					m->dwBufferLength = static_cast<unsigned long>(buffered);
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
 					m->bufsize = buffered;
 #endif

source/charset.cpp

@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ namespace nana
 							std::u32string utf32str = std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf16<char32_t>, char32_t>().from_bytes(bytes, bytes + sizeof(wchar_t) * wcstr.size());
 							return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(utf32str.c_str()), sizeof(char32_t) * utf32str.size());
 						}
-	#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+	#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 						return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(wcstr.c_str()), sizeof(wchar_t) * wcstr.size());
 	#else
 						throw std::runtime_error("Bad charset");
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ namespace nana
 						std::u32string utf32str = std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf16<char32_t>, char32_t>().from_bytes(bytes, bytes + sizeof(wchar_t) * data_.size());
 						return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(utf32str.c_str()), sizeof(char32_t) * utf32str.size());
 					}
-	#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+	#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 					return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data_.c_str()), data_.size() * sizeof(wchar_t));
 	#else
 					throw std::runtime_error("Bad charset");

source/deploy.cpp

@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@
 
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 	#include <string.h>
 	#include "detail/platform_spec_selector.hpp"
 #endif
 
-
 #include <iostream>
 
 namespace nana

source/detail/platform_spec_posix.cpp

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ namespace detail
 				i->second.proc = proc;
 				return;
 			}
-			unsigned tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
+			auto tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 			threadmap_[tid].timers.insert(id);
 
 			timer_tag & tag = holder_[id];

source/detail/platform_spec_selector.hpp

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@
 
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 #include "mswin/platform_spec.hpp"
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 #include "posix/platform_spec.hpp"
 #endif

source/detail/posix/msg_dispatcher.hpp

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace detail
 
 		void insert(Window wd)
 		{
-			unsigned tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
+			auto tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 
 			bool start_driver;
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ namespace detail
 
 		void dispatch(Window modal)
 		{
-			unsigned tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
+			auto tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 			msg_packet_tag msg;
 			int qstate;
 

source/detail/posix/platform_spec.hpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *	This file should not be included by any header files.
  */
 
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 
 #ifndef NANA_DETAIL_PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP
 #define NANA_DETAIL_PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP
@@ -319,6 +319,5 @@ namespace detail
 // .h ward
 #endif
 
-//#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
 #endif
 

source/filesystem/filesystem.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace nana
 			wchar_t pstr[MAX_PATH];
 			if (SUCCEEDED(SHGetFolderPath(0, CSIDL_PROFILE, 0, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, pstr)))
 				return pstr;
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			const char * pstr = ::getenv("HOME");
 			if (pstr)
 				return pstr;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace nana {	namespace experimental {	namespace filesystem
 
 
 		//Because of No wide character version of POSIX
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 		const char* splstr = "/";
 #else
 		const wchar_t* splstr = L"/\\";
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ namespace nana {	namespace experimental {	namespace filesystem
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			return (::GetFileAttributes(pathstr_.c_str()) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES);
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct stat sta;
 			return (::stat(pathstr_.c_str(), &sta) == -1);
 #endif
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ namespace nana {	namespace experimental {	namespace filesystem
 				return file_type::directory;
 
 			return file_type::regular;
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct stat sta;
 			if (-1 == ::stat(pathstr_.c_str(), &sta))
 				return file_type::not_found; //??
@@ -517,9 +517,9 @@ namespace nana {	namespace experimental {	namespace filesystem
 				void operator()(void** handle)
 				{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-						::FindClose(*handle);
+                    ::FindClose(*handle);
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
-						::closedir(*reinterpret_cast<DIR**>(handle));
+                    ::closedir(*reinterpret_cast<DIR**>(handle));
 #endif
 				}
 			};
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ namespace nana {	namespace experimental {	namespace filesystem
 #	if defined(NANA_LINUX)
 				fseeko64(stream, 0, SEEK_END);
 				size = ftello64(stream);
-#	elif defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#	elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 				fseeko(stream, 0, SEEK_END);
 				size = ftello(stream);
 #	endif

source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ namespace nana
 			}
 		}
 
-		void bedrock::close_thread_window(unsigned thread_id)
+		void bedrock::close_thread_window(thread_t thread_id)
 		{
 			std::vector<core_window_t*> v;
 			wd_manager().all_handles(v);

source/gui/detail/bedrock_posix.cpp

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace detail
 
 	//inc_window
 	//@biref: increament the number of windows
-	int bedrock::inc_window(unsigned tid)
+	int bedrock::inc_window(thread_t tid)
 	{
 		private_impl * impl = instance().impl_;
 		std::lock_guard<decltype(impl->mutex)> lock(impl->mutex);
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return (cnt < 0 ? cnt = 1 : ++cnt);
 	}
 
-	bedrock::thread_context* bedrock::open_thread_context(unsigned tid)
+	bedrock::thread_context* bedrock::open_thread_context(thread_t tid)
 	{
 		if(0 == tid) tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return context;
 	}
 
-	bedrock::thread_context* bedrock::get_thread_context(unsigned tid)
+	bedrock::thread_context* bedrock::get_thread_context(thread_t tid)
 	{
 		if(0 == tid) tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	void bedrock::remove_thread_context(unsigned tid)
+	void bedrock::remove_thread_context(thread_t tid)
 	{
 		if(0 == tid) tid = nana::system::this_thread_id();
 

source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp

@@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ namespace detail
 			}
 		}
 
-		void window_manager::call_safe_place(unsigned thread_id)
+		void window_manager::call_safe_place(thread_t thread_id)
 		{
 			std::lock_guard<mutex_type> lock(mutex_);
 

source/gui/notifier.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "../detail/platform_spec_selector.hpp"
 
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <iostream>
 #endif

source/gui/timer.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 #include <windows.h>
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 #include "../detail/platform_spec_selector.hpp"
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #endif

source/paint/graphics.cpp

@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ namespace paint
 			{
 				auto const end = str + len;
 				auto i = std::find(str, end, '\t');
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 				impl_->handle->update_text_color();
 #endif
 				if (i != end)

source/system/platform.cpp

@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
 	#include "../detail/mswin/platform_spec.hpp"
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 	#include <time.h>
 	#include <errno.h>
 	#include <unistd.h>
 	#include <sys/time.h>
 	#include <sys/syscall.h>
+	#include <pthread.h>
+	#include <sys/stat.h>
+	#include <spawn.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace nana
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ namespace system
 	{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 		::Sleep(milliseconds);
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 		struct timespec timeOut, remains;
 		timeOut.tv_sec = milliseconds / 1000;
 		timeOut.tv_nsec = (milliseconds % 1000) * 1000000;
@@ -52,14 +55,16 @@ namespace system
 
 	//this_thread_id
 	//@brief: get the identifier of calling thread.
-	unsigned long this_thread_id()
+	thread_t this_thread_id()
 	{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-		return ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+		return (thread_t)::GetCurrentThreadId();
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
-		return ::syscall(__NR_gettid);
+		return (thread_t)::syscall(__NR_gettid);
 #elif defined(NANA_MACOS)
-		return ::syscall(SYS_thread_selfid);
+		return (thread_t)::syscall(SYS_thread_selfid);
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+        return (thread_t)pthread_self();
 #endif
 	}
 
@@ -67,7 +72,7 @@ namespace system
 	{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 		return ::GetTickCount();
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 		struct timeval tv;
 		::gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
 		return (tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000);
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ namespace system
 		}
 
 		return (::GetAsyncKeyState(button) != 0);
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 		static_cast<void>(button);	//eliminate unused parameter compiler warning.
 		return false;
 #endif
@@ -105,7 +110,6 @@ namespace system
 			return;
 
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-		std::wstring url = to_wstring(url_utf8);
 		if(::ShellExecute(0, L"open", url.c_str(), 0, 0, SW_SHOWNORMAL) < reinterpret_cast<HINSTANCE>(32))
 		{
 			//Because ShellExecute can delegate execution to Shell extensions (data sources, context menu handlers,
@@ -115,8 +119,25 @@ namespace system
 			nana::detail::platform_spec::co_initializer co_init;
 			::ShellExecute(0, L"open", url.c_str(), 0, 0, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
 		}
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
+        const char *home = getenv("HOME");
+        std::string cheat(home);
+        cheat += "/.mozilla";
+        struct stat exists{};
+        // Look for $HOME/.mozilla directory as
+        // strong evidence they use firefox.
+        if ( stat(cheat.c_str(), &exists) == 0 && S_ISDIR(exists.st_mode))
+        {
+            extern char **environ;
+            pid_t pid = 0;
+            static const char firefox[] = "firefox";
+            char name[sizeof firefox]{};
+            // argv does not like const-literals so make a copy.
+            strcpy(name, firefox);
+            char *argv[3] = {name, const_cast<char *>(url_utf8.c_str()), nullptr};
+            posix_spawn(&pid, "/bin/sh", NULL, NULL, argv, environ);
+        }
 #endif
-	}
+    }
 }//end namespace system
 }//end namespace nana

source/system/shared_wrapper.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <nana/system/shared_wrapper.hpp>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #else
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace system
 
 			module_t open(const char* filename)
 			{
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 				return ::dlopen(filename, RTLD_LAZY);
 #else
 				return ::LoadLibraryA(filename);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace system
 
 			void* symbols(module_t handle, const char* symbol)
 			{
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 				return ::dlsym(handle, const_cast<char*>(symbol));
 #else
 				return (void*)(::GetProcAddress(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(handle), symbol));
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace system
 
 			void close(module_t handle)
 			{
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 				::dlclose(handle);
 #else
 				::FreeLibrary(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(handle));
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace system
 					std::transform(filename + length - 13, filename + length , std::back_inserter(file), tolower);
 					if(file == ".nana_shared")
 					{
-#if defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#if defined(NANA_POSIX)
 						ofn.replace(length - 13, 13, ".so");
 #else
 						ofn.replace(length - 13, 13, ".DLL");

source/system/timepiece.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <nana/config.hpp>
 #ifdef NANA_WINDOWS
 	#include <windows.h>
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 	#include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace system
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			LARGE_INTEGER beg_timestamp;
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct timeval beg_timestamp;
 #endif
 		};
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace system
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			::QueryPerformanceCounter(&impl_->beg_timestamp);
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct timezone tz;
 			::gettimeofday(&impl_->beg_timestamp, &tz);
 #endif
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace system
 			::QueryPerformanceFrequency(&freq);
 
 			return double(diff)/double(freq.QuadPart) * 1000;
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 			struct timeval tv;
 			struct timezone tz;
 			gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);

source/threads/pool.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
 	#include <process.h>
-#elif defined(NANA_LINUX) || defined(NANA_MACOS)
+#elif defined(NANA_POSIX)
 	#include <pthread.h>
 #endif