diff --git a/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp b/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp
index 39f21366..e8db5fff 100644
--- a/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp
@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ namespace detail
 			HMODULE ole32_;
 		};
 
+		struct window_icons
+		{
+			::nana::paint::image sml_icon;
+			::nana::paint::image big_icon;
+		};
+
 		platform_spec();
 
 		const font_ptr_t& default_native_font() const;
@@ -182,11 +188,11 @@ namespace detail
 
 		static platform_spec& instance();
 
-		void keep_window_icon(native_window_type, const nana::paint::image&);
+		void keep_window_icon(native_window_type, const paint::image&sml_icon, const paint::image& big_icon);
 		void release_window_icon(native_window_type);
 	private:
 		font_ptr_t	def_font_ptr_;
-		std::map<native_window_type, nana::paint::image> iconbase_;
+		std::map<native_window_type, window_icons> iconbase_;
 	};
 
 }//end namespace detail
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp b/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp
index 66f6ac94..5db4a645 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ namespace detail
 #endif
 		static void enable_dropfiles(native_window_type, bool);
 		static void enable_window(native_window_type, bool);
-		static bool window_icon(native_window_type, const paint::image&);
 		// (On Windows) The system displays the large icon in the ALT+TAB dialog box, and the small icon in the window caption.
 		static bool window_icon(native_window_type, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon);
 		static void activate_owner(native_window_type);
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp b/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp
index 682c139c..ec91fe1f 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp
@@ -106,10 +106,8 @@ namespace detail
 		//@brief:	Delete window handle, the handle type must be a root and a frame.
 		void destroy_handle(core_window_t*);
 
-		void default_icon(const paint::image&);
-		void default_icon(const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon);
-		void icon(core_window_t*, const paint::image&);
-		void icon(core_window_t*, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon);
+		void default_icon(const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon);
+		void icon(core_window_t*, const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon);
 
 		//show
 		//@brief: show or hide a window
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp b/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp
index 6f15f42c..7db38a0a 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp
@@ -112,10 +112,8 @@ namespace API
 		}
 	}
 
-	void window_icon_default(const paint::image&);
-	void window_icon_default(const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon);
-	void window_icon(window, const paint::image&);
-	void window_icon(window, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon);
+	void window_icon_default(const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon = {});
+	void window_icon(window, const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon = {});
 	
 	bool empty_window(window);		///< Determines whether a window is existing.
 	bool is_window(window);			///< Determines whether a window is existing, equal to !empty_window.
diff --git a/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp b/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp
index bd7d31b4..3142beec 100644
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace nana
 		label& format(bool);		///< Switches the format mode of the widget.
 		label& add_format_listener(std::function<void(command, const nana::string&)>);
 
-		void relate(widget& w);	// as same as the "for" attribute of a label
+		void click_for(window associated_window);	// as same as the "for" attribute of a label
 
 		/// \briefReturn the size of the text. If *allowed_width_in_pixel* is not zero, returns a 
 		/// "corrected" size that changes lines to fit the text into the specified width
diff --git a/include/nana/paint/detail/image_impl_interface.hpp b/include/nana/paint/detail/image_impl_interface.hpp
index ecd2b6b1..6cd604fb 100644
--- a/include/nana/paint/detail/image_impl_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/detail/image_impl_interface.hpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint{
 		typedef nana::paint::graphics& graph_reference;
 		virtual ~image_impl_interface() = 0;	//The destructor is defined in ../image.cpp
 		virtual bool open(const nana::char_t* filename) = 0;
-		virtual bool open(void* buff, size_t sz) = 0; // reads image from memory
+		virtual bool open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes) = 0; // reads image from memory
 		virtual bool alpha_channel() const = 0;
 		virtual bool empty() const = 0;
 		virtual void close() = 0;
diff --git a/include/nana/paint/image.hpp b/include/nana/paint/image.hpp
index 2747eee7..b1c237bc 100644
--- a/include/nana/paint/image.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/image.hpp
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ namespace paint
 		image& operator=(const image& rhs);
 		image& operator=(image&&);
 		bool open(const nana::string& filename);
-		bool open_icon(void* buff, size_t sz);	// opens a icon from memory
+		
+		/// Opens an icon from a specified buffer
+		bool open_icon(const void* data, std::size_t bytes);
 		bool empty() const;
 		operator unspecified_bool_t() const;
 		void close();
diff --git a/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp b/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp
index 18b85f01..cb064545 100644
--- a/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp
+++ b/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp
@@ -273,9 +273,11 @@ namespace detail
 		return object;
 	}
 
-	void platform_spec::keep_window_icon(native_window_type wd, const paint::image& img)
+	void platform_spec::keep_window_icon(native_window_type wd, const paint::image& sml_icon, const paint::image& big_icon)
 	{
-		iconbase_[wd] = img;
+		auto & icons = iconbase_[wd];
+		icons.sml_icon = sml_icon;
+		icons.big_icon = big_icon;
 	}
 
 	void platform_spec::release_window_icon(native_window_type wd)
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp b/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
index fa21a0cd..d706b43d 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
@@ -509,20 +509,25 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif		
 		}
 
-		bool native_interface::window_icon(native_window_type wd, const nana::paint::image& img)
+		bool native_interface::window_icon(native_window_type wd, const nana::paint::image& sml_icon, const ::nana::paint::image& big_icon)
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-			HICON ico = paint::image_accessor::icon(img);
-			if(ico)
+			HICON sml_handle = paint::image_accessor::icon(sml_icon);
+			HICON big_handle = paint::image_accessor::icon(big_icon);
+			if(sml_handle || big_handle)
 			{
-				nana::detail::platform_spec::instance().keep_window_icon(wd, img);
-				::SendMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), WM_SETICON, ICON_BIG, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(ico));
-				::SendMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), WM_SETICON, ICON_SMALL, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(ico));
+				nana::detail::platform_spec::instance().keep_window_icon(wd, sml_icon, big_icon);
+				if (sml_handle)
+					::SendMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), WM_SETICON, ICON_SMALL, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(sml_handle));
+
+				if (big_handle)
+					::SendMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), WM_SETICON, ICON_BIG, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(big_handle));
 				return true;
 			}
 #elif defined(NANA_X11)
-			if(wd && (false == img.empty()))
+			if(wd && (!sml_icon.empty() || !big_icon.empty()))
 			{
+				auto & img = (sml_icon.empty() ? big_icon : sml_icon);
 
 				const nana::paint::graphics & graph = restrict::spec.keep_window_icon(wd, img);
 				XWMHints hints;
@@ -537,7 +542,8 @@ namespace nana{
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		bool native_interface::window_icon(native_window_type wd, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon)
+		/*
+		bool native_interface::window_icon(native_window_type wd, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon)	//deprecated
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			HICON h_big_icon = paint::image_accessor::icon(big_icon);
@@ -558,6 +564,7 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif
 			return false;
 		}
+		*/
 
 
 
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp b/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp
index a0013ba1..9d98f2fe 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp
@@ -1413,7 +1413,6 @@ namespace detail
 							auto tstop_wd = brock.wd_manager.tabstop(msgwnd, is_forward);
 							if (tstop_wd)
 							{
-								root_runtime->condition.tabstop_focus_changed = true;
 								brock.wd_manager.set_focus(tstop_wd, false);
 								brock.wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(msgwnd, false);
 								brock.wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(tstop_wd, true);
diff --git a/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp b/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp
index 89f1cdf8..0bc25362 100644
--- a/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace detail
 					insert_frame(owner, wd);
 
 				bedrock::inc_window(wd->thread_id);
-				this->icon(wd, impl_->default_icon_big, impl_->default_icon_small);
+				this->icon(wd, impl_->default_icon_small, impl_->default_icon_big);
 				return wd;
 			}
 			return nullptr;
@@ -390,32 +390,13 @@ namespace detail
 			}
 		}
 
-		void window_manager::default_icon(const paint::image& img)
-		{
-			impl_->default_icon_big = img;
-			impl_->default_icon_small = img;
-		}
-
-		void window_manager::default_icon(const nana::paint::image& big, const nana::paint::image& small)
+		void window_manager::default_icon(const nana::paint::image& small, const nana::paint::image& big)
 		{
 			impl_->default_icon_big = big;
 			impl_->default_icon_small = small;
 		}
 
-		void window_manager::icon(core_window_t* wd, const paint::image& img)
-		{
-			if(false == img.empty())
-			{
-				std::lock_guard<decltype(mutex_)> lock(mutex_);
-				if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
-				{
-					if(wd->other.category == category::root_tag::value)
-						native_interface::window_icon(wd->root, img);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		void window_manager::icon(core_window_t* wd, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon)
+		void window_manager::icon(core_window_t* wd, const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon)
 		{
 			if(!big_icon.empty() || !small_icon.empty())
 			{
@@ -423,7 +404,7 @@ namespace detail
 				if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
 				{
 					if(wd->other.category == category::root_tag::value)
-						native_interface::window_icon(wd->root, big_icon, small_icon);
+						native_interface::window_icon(wd->root, small_icon, big_icon);
 				}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp b/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp
index 3850c0be..3c75b106 100644
--- a/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp
@@ -354,24 +354,14 @@ namespace API
 		return r;
 	}
 
-	void window_icon_default(const paint::image& img)
+	void window_icon_default(const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon)
 	{
-		restrict::window_manager.default_icon(img);
+		restrict::window_manager.default_icon(small_icon, big_icon);
 	}
 
-	void window_icon_default(const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon)
+	void window_icon(window wd, const paint::image& small_icon, const paint::image& big_icon)
 	{
-		restrict::window_manager.default_icon(big_icon, small_icon);
-	}
-
-	void window_icon(window wd, const paint::image& img)
-	{
-		restrict::window_manager.icon(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd), img);
-	}
-
-	void window_icon(window wd, const paint::image& big_icon, const paint::image& small_icon)
-	{
-		restrict::window_manager.icon(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd), big_icon, small_icon);
+		restrict::window_manager.icon(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd), small_icon, big_icon);
 	}
 
 	bool empty_window(window wd)
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp
index 675e06e5..a7eba8ae 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ namespace nana
 					nana::string target;	//It indicates which target is tracing.
 					nana::string url;
 
-					widget * buddy {nullptr};
+					window for_associated_wd{ nullptr };
 
 					void add_listener(std::function<void(command, const nana::string&)>&& fn)
 					{
@@ -743,9 +743,7 @@ namespace nana
 
 					system::open_url(url);
 
-					if (impl_->buddy) {
-						impl_->buddy->focus();
-					}
+					API::focus_window(impl_->for_associated_wd);
 				}
 
 				void trigger::refresh(graph_reference graph)
@@ -827,9 +825,9 @@ namespace nana
 			return *this;
 		}
 
-		void label::relate(widget& w)
+		void label::click_for(window associated_window)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().impl()->buddy = &w;
+			get_drawer_trigger().impl()->for_associated_wd = associated_window;
 		}
 
 		nana::size label::measure(unsigned limited) const
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
index a7afa323..29893989 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 
 			virtual bool merge(const undoable_command_interface<EnumCommand>& rhs) override
 			{
-				//Implement later
 				return false;
 			}
 		protected:
@@ -1620,7 +1619,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 				text_area_.captured = true;
 
 				//Set caret pos by screen point and get the caret pos.
-				auto pos = mouse_caret(scrpos);
+				mouse_caret(scrpos);
 				if(!select(false))
 				{
 					select_.a = points_.caret;	//Set begin caret
@@ -2315,7 +2314,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 				}
 				break;
 			case keyboard::os_pageup:
-				if (caret.y >= (int)screen_lines() && points_.offset.y >= (int)screen_lines()) {
+				if (caret.y >= screen_lines() && points_.offset.y >= static_cast<int>(screen_lines())) {
 					points_.offset.y -= screen_lines();
 					caret.y -= screen_lines();
 					changed = true;
@@ -2967,7 +2966,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			if (if_mask && mask_char_)
 				mask_str.reset(new nana::string(str.size(), mask_char_));
 
-			bool focused = API::is_focus_ready(window_); // do this many times is not efficient...
+			bool focused = API::is_focus_ready(window_);
 
 			auto & linestr = (if_mask && mask_char_ ? *mask_str : str);
 
diff --git a/source/gui/widgets/textbox.cpp b/source/gui/widgets/textbox.cpp
index 6d7e3380..e5e98068 100644
--- a/source/gui/widgets/textbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/textbox.cpp
@@ -94,14 +94,8 @@ namespace drawerbase {
 			refresh(graph);
 			if (!editor_->attr().multi_lines && arg.getting)
 			{
-				static auto& brock = detail::bedrock::instance();
-				auto native_window = reinterpret_cast<native_window_type>(arg.receiver);
-				auto* root_runtime = brock.wd_manager.root_runtime(native_window);
-				if (root_runtime && root_runtime->condition.tabstop_focus_changed)
-				{
-					editor_->select(true);
-					editor_->move_caret_end();
-				}
+				editor_->select(true);
+				editor_->move_caret_end();
 			}
 			editor_->show_caret(arg.getting);
 			editor_->reset_caret();
diff --git a/source/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp b/source/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp
index 43643d6d..f8b08848 100644
--- a/source/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp
+++ b/source/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 				this->close();
 			}
 
-			bool open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes)
+			bool open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes) override
 			{
 				// TODO: read a BMP file from memory
 				return false;
diff --git a/source/paint/detail/image_ico.hpp b/source/paint/detail/image_ico.hpp
index 9bc33dea..5be39454 100644
--- a/source/paint/detail/image_ico.hpp
+++ b/source/paint/detail/image_ico.hpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 
 
 			bool open(const nana::char_t* filename) override;
-			bool open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes);
+			bool open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes) override;
 			bool alpha_channel() const override;
 			bool empty() const override;
 			void close() override;
diff --git a/source/paint/image.cpp b/source/paint/image.cpp
index 46bd547a..f27a55c9 100644
--- a/source/paint/image.cpp
+++ b/source/paint/image.cpp
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ namespace paint
 				return false;
 			}
 
-			bool image_ico::open(void* buff, size_t sz)
+			bool image_ico::open(const void* data, std::size_t bytes)
 			{
 				close();
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-				HICON handle = CreateIconFromResource((PBYTE)buff, sz, TRUE, 0x00030000);
+				HICON handle = ::CreateIconFromResource((PBYTE)data, static_cast<DWORD>(bytes), TRUE, 0x00030000);
 				if(handle)
 				{
 					ICONINFO info;
@@ -261,11 +261,11 @@ namespace paint
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		bool image::open_icon(void* buff, size_t sz)
+		bool image::open_icon(const void* data, std::size_t bytes)
 		{
 			image::image_impl_interface * helper = new detail::image_ico(true);
 			image_ptr_ = std::shared_ptr<image_impl_interface>(helper);
-			return helper->open(buff, sz);
+			return helper->open(data, bytes);
 		}
 
 		bool image::empty() const