diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.cpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb6e4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+
+#include "./app.hpp"
+
+#include "../util/mesh.hpp"
+
+#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec2.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+#include "../sdlpp/keyboard.hpp"
+#include "../util/mesh.hpp"
+
+namespace sdl_gpu_test
+{
+namespace
+{
+inline constexpr float Y_POS_MIN = -10.f;
+inline constexpr float Y_POS_MAX = 10.f;
+inline constexpr Uint16 AXIS_DEADZONE = 5000;
+
+struct VertexShaderParameters
+{
+    glm::mat4 worldToView;
+    glm::mat4 viewToClip;
+};
+}
+
+void InputApp::init(const AppInitArgs& args)
+{
+    Application::init(args);
+
+    // create shaders
+    const sdlpp::GPUShader vertexShader = loadShader("shaders/glsl/textured_3dtriangles_from_buffer.vert.spv", {
+        .format = sdlpp::GPUShaderFormat::SPIRV,
+        .stage = sdlpp::GPUShaderStage::VERTEX,
+        .numUniformBuffers = 1
+    });
+    const sdlpp::GPUShader fragmentShader = loadShader("shaders/glsl/color_from_texture.frag.spv", {
+        .format = sdlpp::GPUShaderFormat::SPIRV,
+        .stage = sdlpp::GPUShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
+        .numSamplers = 1,
+        .numUniformBuffers = 1
+    });
+
+    // create depth buffer
+    mDepthBuffer.create(mDevice, {
+        .format = sdlpp::GPUTextureFormat::D16_UNORM,
+        .usage = sdlpp::GPUTextureUsageFlags{.depthStencilTarget = true},
+        .width = 1280,
+        .height = 720
+    });
+
+    // create graphics pipeline
+    std::array colorTargetsDescs = {
+        sdlpp::GPUColorTargetDescription{
+            .format = mDevice.getSwapchainTextureFormat(mWindow),
+            .blendState = {
+                .enableBlend = true,
+                .srcColorBlendfactor = sdlpp::GPUBlendFactor::SRC_ALPHA,
+                .dstColorBlendfactor = sdlpp::GPUBlendFactor::ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
+                .colorBlendOp = sdlpp::GPUBlendOp::ADD,
+                .srcAlphaBlendfactor = sdlpp::GPUBlendFactor::ONE,
+                .dstAlphaBlendfactor = sdlpp::GPUBlendFactor::ZERO,
+                .alphaBlendOp = sdlpp::GPUBlendOp::ADD
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    std::array vertexBindings = {
+        sdlpp::GPUVertexBinding{
+            .index = 0,
+            .pitch = sizeof(Vertex)
+        }
+    };
+    std::array vertexAttributes = {
+        sdlpp::GPUVertexAttribute{
+            .location = 0,
+            .bindingIndex = 0,
+            .format = sdlpp::GPUVertexElementFormat::FLOAT3,
+            .offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos)
+        },
+        sdlpp::GPUVertexAttribute{
+            .location = 1,
+            .bindingIndex = 0,
+            .format = sdlpp::GPUVertexElementFormat::FLOAT2,
+            .offset = offsetof(Vertex, texcoord)
+        }
+    };
+    mPipeline.create(mDevice, {
+        .vertexShader = vertexShader,
+        .fragmentShader = fragmentShader,
+        .vertexInputState = {
+            .vertexBindings = vertexBindings,
+            .vertexAttributes = vertexAttributes
+        },
+        .rasterizerState = {
+            .cullMode = sdlpp::GPUCullMode::BACK
+        },
+        .targetInfo = {
+            .colorTargetDescriptions = colorTargetsDescs,
+            .depthStencilFormat = sdlpp::GPUTextureFormat::D16_UNORM
+        }
+    });
+
+    // load the mesh
+    const Mesh mesh = loadMesh(mFileSystem.getPath("meshes/cube.obj"));
+    mNumVertices = static_cast<Uint32>(mesh.vertices.size());
+
+    // create vertex buffer
+    mVertexBuffer.create(mDevice, {
+        .usage = {.vertex = true},
+        .size = static_cast<Uint32>(mesh.vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex))
+    });
+    uploadVertexData(mVertexBuffer, std::span(mesh.vertices.begin(), mesh.vertices.end()));
+
+    // create texture and sampler
+    sdlpp::GPUTextureCreateArgs textureArgs = {
+        .format = sdlpp::GPUTextureFormat::R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB,
+        .usage = {.sampler = true}
+    };
+    mTexture = loadTexture("bitmaps/cube.png", textureArgs);
+    mSampler.create(mDevice, {});
+
+    // open gamepad
+    const std::vector<SDL_JoystickID> gamepads = sdlpp::getGamepads();
+    if (!gamepads.empty())
+    {
+        mGamepad.open(gamepads[0]);
+    }
+}
+
+void InputApp::update(const AppUpdateArgs& args)
+{
+    Application::update(args);
+
+    sdlpp::GPUCommandBuffer cmdBuffer = mDevice.acquireCommandBuffer();
+    Uint32 swapchainWidth = 0, swapchainHeight = 0;
+    const sdlpp::GPUTexture swapchainTexture = cmdBuffer.acquireSwapchainTexture(mWindow, swapchainWidth, swapchainHeight);
+
+    if (swapchainWidth != mLastSwapchainWidth || swapchainHeight != mLastSwapchainHeight)
+    {
+        mDepthBuffer.destroy();
+        mDepthBuffer.create(mDevice, {
+            .format = sdlpp::GPUTextureFormat::D16_UNORM,
+            .usage = sdlpp::GPUTextureUsageFlags{.depthStencilTarget = true},
+            .width = swapchainWidth,
+            .height = swapchainHeight
+        });
+        mLastSwapchainWidth = swapchainWidth;
+        mLastSwapchainHeight = swapchainHeight;
+    }
+
+    const std::span<const SDL_bool> keystates = sdlpp::getKeyboardState();
+    if (keystates[SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT])
+    {
+        mRotation -= 40.f * args.tickSeconds;
+    }
+    if (keystates[SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT])
+    {
+        mRotation += 40.f * args.tickSeconds;
+    }
+    if (keystates[SDL_SCANCODE_UP])
+    {
+        mYPos -= 2.f * args.tickSeconds;
+    }
+    if (keystates[SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN])
+    {
+        mYPos += 2.f * args.tickSeconds;
+    }
+    if (mGamepad)
+    {
+        const Sint16 xAxis = mGamepad.getAxis(sdlpp::GamepadAxis::LEFTX);
+        if (std::abs(xAxis) > AXIS_DEADZONE)
+        {
+            mRotation += 0.001f * args.tickSeconds * static_cast<float>(xAxis);
+        }
+        const Sint16 yAxis = mGamepad.getAxis(sdlpp::GamepadAxis::LEFTY);
+        if (std::abs(yAxis) > AXIS_DEADZONE)
+        {
+            mYPos += 0.0002f * args.tickSeconds * yAxis;
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (mRotation >= 360.f) { mRotation -= 360.f; }
+    while (mRotation < 0.f) { mRotation += 360.f; }
+    mYPos = std::clamp(mYPos, Y_POS_MIN, Y_POS_MAX);
+
+    const VertexShaderParameters vertexShaderParameters = {
+        .worldToView = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.f, mYPos, 2.f), glm::vec3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f), glm::vec3(0.f, 1.f, 0.f))
+                * glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.f), glm::radians(mRotation), glm::vec3(0.f, 1.f, 0.f)),
+        .viewToClip = glm::perspectiveFov(
+            /* fov    = */ glm::radians(90.f),
+            /* width  = */ static_cast<float>(swapchainWidth),
+            /* height = */ static_cast<float>(swapchainHeight),
+            /* zNear  = */ 0.1f,
+            /* zFar   = */ 100.f
+        )
+    };
+
+    std::array colorTargets = {sdlpp::GPUColorTargetInfo{
+        .texture = swapchainTexture,
+        .clearColor = {.r = 0.f, .g = 0.f, .b = 0.f, .a = 1.f},
+        .loadOp = sdlpp::GPULoadOp::CLEAR,
+    }};
+    sdlpp::GPURenderPass renderPass = cmdBuffer.beginRenderPass({
+        .colorTargetInfos = colorTargets,
+        .depthStencilTargetInfo = sdlpp::GPUDepthStencilTargetInfo{
+            .texture = mDepthBuffer,
+            .loadOp = sdlpp::GPULoadOp::CLEAR
+        }
+    });
+    static const glm::vec4 WHITE(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
+    cmdBuffer.pushFragmentUniformData(0, std::span(&WHITE, 1));
+    cmdBuffer.pushVertexUniformData(0, std::span(&vertexShaderParameters, 1));
+    renderPass.bindFragmentSampler({.texture = mTexture, .sampler = mSampler});
+    renderPass.bindGraphicsPipeline(mPipeline);
+    renderPass.bindVertexBuffer({.buffer = mVertexBuffer});
+    renderPass.drawPrimitives({.numVertices = mNumVertices});
+    renderPass.end();
+    cmdBuffer.submit();
+}
+
+void InputApp::handleKeyboardEvent(const sdlpp::KeyboardEvent& event)
+{
+    switch (event.key)
+    {
+        case SDLK_Q:
+            if (!event.down)
+            {
+                mRunning = false;
+            }
+            break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+void InputApp::handleMouseMotionEvent(const sdlpp::MouseMotionEvent& event)
+{
+    if (event.state.left)
+    {
+        mRotation += 0.5f * event.xrel;
+        mYPos = std::clamp(mYPos + 0.02f * event.yrel, Y_POS_MIN, Y_POS_MAX);
+    }
+}
+}
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26b2bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/5_input/app.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_5_INPUT_APP_HPP_INCLUDED)
+#define SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_5_INPUT_APP_HPP_INCLUDED 1
+
+#include "../application.hpp"
+#include "../sdlpp/gamepad.hpp"
+
+namespace sdl_gpu_test
+{
+class InputApp : public Application
+{
+private:
+    sdlpp::GPUBuffer mVertexBuffer;
+    sdlpp::GPUTexture mDepthBuffer;
+    sdlpp::GPUGraphicsPipeline mPipeline;
+    sdlpp::GPUTexture mTexture;
+    sdlpp::GPUSampler mSampler;
+    sdlpp::Gamepad mGamepad;
+    Uint32 mNumVertices = 0;
+    Uint32 mLastSwapchainWidth = 1280;
+    Uint32 mLastSwapchainHeight = 720;
+    float mRotation = 0.f;
+    float mYPos = 1.5f;
+public:
+    void init(const AppInitArgs& args) override;
+    void update(const AppUpdateArgs& args) override;
+    void handleKeyboardEvent(const sdlpp::KeyboardEvent& event) override;
+    void handleMouseMotionEvent(const sdlpp::MouseMotionEvent& event) override;
+};
+} // namespace sdl_gpu_test
+
+#endif // !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_5_INPUT_APP_HPP_INCLUDED)
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/SModule b/private/sdl_gpu_test/SModule
index bc851d5..efdbf4a 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/SModule
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/SModule
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ src_files = Split("""
     2_triangle_with_texcoords/app.cpp
     3_textured_quad/app.cpp
     4_textured_cube/app.cpp
+    5_input/app.cpp
 """)
 
 shader_files = env.Glob("#assets/shaders/glsl/*.frag") \
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.cpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.cpp
index 0f6f0d8..785f15b 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.cpp
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.cpp
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <mijin/util/variant.hpp>
 #include <mijin/virtual_filesystem/relative.hpp>
-#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
-#include <mijin/util/winundef.hpp>
 
 #include "./util/bitmap.hpp"
+#include "./util/spdlog_wrapper.hpp"
 
 namespace sdl_gpu_test
 {
@@ -56,21 +55,28 @@ void Application::run(std::span<const char*> args)
     });
 
     const clock_t::time_point startTime = clock_t::now();
+    clock_t::time_point lastFrameTime = startTime;
     while (mRunning)
     {
         std::optional<sdlpp::sdl_event_t> event;
         while ((event = sdlpp::pollEvent()).has_value())
         {
             std::visit(mijin::Visitor{
-                    [&](const sdlpp::QuitEvent&) { mRunning = false; },
-                    [](const auto&) {} // default handler
+                [&](const sdlpp::QuitEvent&) { mRunning = false; },
+                [&](const sdlpp::KeyboardEvent& event) { handleKeyboardEvent(event); },
+                [&](const sdlpp::MouseButtonEvent& event) { handleMouseButtonEvent(event); },
+                [&](const sdlpp::MouseMotionEvent& event) { handleMouseMotionEvent(event); },
+                [&](const sdlpp::GamepadButtonEvent& event) { handleGamepadButtonEvent(event); },
+                [](const auto&) {} // default handler
             }, *event);
         }
 
         const clock_t::time_point frameTime = clock_t::now();
         update({
-            .secondsSinceStart = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<float>>(frameTime - startTime).count()
+            .secondsSinceStart = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<float>>(frameTime - startTime).count(),
+            .tickSeconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<float>>(frameTime - lastFrameTime).count()
         });
+        lastFrameTime = frameTime;
     }
     cleanup({});
 }
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.hpp
index 51a30b9..771cb44 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.hpp
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/application.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ struct AppCleanupArgs
 struct AppUpdateArgs
 {
     float secondsSinceStart = 0.f;
+    float tickSeconds = 0.f;
 };
 
 class Application
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ public:
     virtual void init(const AppInitArgs& args);
     virtual void cleanup(const AppCleanupArgs& args);
     virtual void update(const AppUpdateArgs& args);
+    virtual void handleKeyboardEvent(const sdlpp::KeyboardEvent& /* event */) {}
+    virtual void handleMouseButtonEvent(const sdlpp::MouseButtonEvent& /* event */) {}
+    virtual void handleMouseMotionEvent(const sdlpp::MouseMotionEvent& /* event */) {}
+    virtual void handleGamepadButtonEvent(const sdlpp::GamepadButtonEvent& /* event */) {}
 
     void run(std::span<const char*> args);
 
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/main.cpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/main.cpp
index 9b441be..0a2d170 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/main.cpp
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/main.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "./2_triangle_with_texcoords/app.hpp"
 #include "./3_textured_quad/app.hpp"
 #include "./4_textured_cube/app.hpp"
+#include "./5_input/app.hpp"
 #include "./util/spdlog_wrapper.hpp"
 
 namespace
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ const std::array APPS = {
     makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::GreenTriangleApp>("green_triangle"),
     makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::TriangleWithTexcoordsApp>("triangle_with_texcoords"),
     makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::TexturedQuadApp>("textured_quad"),
-    makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::TexturedCubeApp>("textured_cube")
+    makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::TexturedCubeApp>("textured_cube"),
+    makeAppHelper<sdl_gpu_test::InputApp>("input")
 };
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         return APP_ERROR;
     }
 
-    if (SDL_Init(0) != SDL_TRUE)
+    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_GAMEPAD) != SDL_TRUE)
     {
         spdlog::error("Error initializing SDL.");
         return APP_ERROR;
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/common.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/common.hpp
index 57d71c1..9060ed2 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/common.hpp
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/common.hpp
@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@ protected:
 protected:
     Base() noexcept = default;
     explicit Base(THandle* handle) noexcept : mHandle(handle) {}
+    Base(const Base&) noexcept = default;
     Base(Base&& other) noexcept : mHandle(std::exchange(other.mHandle, nullptr)) {}
 
+    Base& operator=(const Base&) noexcept = default;
     Base& operator=(Base&& other) noexcept
     {
         if (this != &other)
@@ -38,15 +40,22 @@ protected:
         return *this;
     }
 public:
-    Base(const Base&) = delete;
     ~Base() noexcept
     {
         static_cast<TConcrete&>(*this).destroy();
     }
-    Base& operator=(const Base&) = delete;
     auto operator<=>(const Base& other) const noexcept = default;
 
     operator THandle*() const noexcept { return mHandle; }
+
+    explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+    {
+        return mHandle != nullptr;
+    }
+    bool operator!() const noexcept
+    {
+        return mHandle == nullptr;
+    }
 };
 
 template<typename THandle, typename TConcrete>
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/event.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/event.hpp
index 04c5e46..73bf0b2 100644
--- a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/event.hpp
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/event.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,26 @@
 
 namespace sdlpp
 {
+//
+// flags
+//
+struct MouseButtonFlags : mijin::BitFlags<MouseButtonFlags>
+{
+    bool left : 1 = false;
+    bool middle : 1 = false;
+    bool right : 1 = false;
+    bool x1 : 1 = false;
+    bool x2 : 1 = false;
+
+    static MouseButtonFlags from(SDL_MouseButtonFlags base) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::bit_cast<MouseButtonFlags>(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(base));
+    }
+};
+
+//
+// structs
+//
 struct Event
 {
     Uint64 timestamp;
@@ -18,17 +38,77 @@ struct Event
     template<typename TBase>
     explicit Event(const TBase& base) noexcept : timestamp(base.timestamp) {}
 };
+
+struct KeyboardEvent : Event
+{
+    SDL_WindowID windowID;
+    SDL_KeyboardID which;
+    SDL_Scancode scancode;
+    SDL_Keycode key;
+    SDL_Keymod mod;
+    bool down;
+    bool repeat;
+
+    explicit KeyboardEvent(const SDL_KeyboardEvent& base) noexcept : Event(base), windowID(base.windowID),
+        which(base.which), scancode(base.scancode), key(base.key), mod(base.mod), down(base.down), repeat(base.repeat)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct MouseButtonEvent : Event
+{
+    SDL_WindowID windowID;
+    SDL_MouseID which;
+    Uint8 button;
+    bool down;
+    Uint8 clicks;
+    float x;
+    float y;
+
+    MouseButtonEvent(const SDL_MouseButtonEvent& base) noexcept : Event(base), windowID(base.windowID), which(base.which),
+        button(base.button), down(base.down), clicks(base.clicks), x(base.x), y(base.y)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct MouseMotionEvent : Event
+{
+    SDL_WindowID windowID;
+    SDL_MouseID which;
+    MouseButtonFlags state;
+    float x;
+    float y;
+    float xrel;
+    float yrel;
+
+    MouseMotionEvent(const SDL_MouseMotionEvent& base) noexcept : Event(base), windowID(base.windowID), which(base.which),
+        state(MouseButtonFlags::from(base.state)), x(base.x), y(base.y), xrel(base.xrel), yrel(base.yrel)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct GamepadButtonEvent : Event
+{
+    SDL_JoystickID which;
+    Uint8 button;
+    SDL_bool down;
+
+    GamepadButtonEvent(const SDL_GamepadButtonEvent& base) noexcept : Event(base), which(base.which), button(base.button),
+        down(base.down)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
 struct QuitEvent : Event
 {
     explicit QuitEvent(const SDL_QuitEvent& base) noexcept : Event(base) {}
 };
-struct WindowEvent : Event
-{
-
-};
 
 using sdl_event_t = std::variant<
-    WindowEvent,
+    KeyboardEvent,
+    MouseButtonEvent,
+    MouseMotionEvent,
+    GamepadButtonEvent,
     QuitEvent
 >;
 
@@ -40,6 +120,17 @@ inline std::optional<sdl_event_t> pollEvent() noexcept
     {
         switch (event.type)
         {
+            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
+            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP:
+                return KeyboardEvent(event.key);
+            case SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN:
+            case SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP:
+                return MouseButtonEvent(event.button);
+            case SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION:
+                return MouseMotionEvent(event.motion);
+            case SDL_EVENT_GAMEPAD_BUTTON_DOWN:
+            case SDL_EVENT_GAMEPAD_BUTTON_UP:
+                return GamepadButtonEvent(event.gbutton);
             case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
                 return QuitEvent(event.quit);
             default:
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/gamepad.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/gamepad.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f4e755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/gamepad.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_GAMEPAD_HPP_INCLUDED)
+#define SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_GAMEPAD_HPP_INCLUDED 1
+
+#include "./common.hpp"
+
+namespace sdlpp
+{
+enum class GamepadAxis
+{
+    INVALID = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_INVALID,
+    LEFTX = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_LEFTX,
+    LEFTY = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_LEFTY,
+    RIGHTX = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_RIGHTX,
+    RIGHTY = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_RIGHTY,
+    LEFT_TRIGGER = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_LEFT_TRIGGER,
+    RIGHT_TRIGGER = SDL_GAMEPAD_AXIS_RIGHT_TRIGGER,
+};
+
+class Gamepad : public Base<SDL_Gamepad, Gamepad>
+{
+public:
+    Gamepad() noexcept = default;
+    Gamepad(Gamepad&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    Gamepad& operator=(Gamepad&&) = default;
+
+    void open(SDL_JoystickID instanceID)
+    {
+        MIJIN_ASSERT(mHandle == nullptr, "Gamepad already opened.");
+        mHandle = SDL_OpenGamepad(instanceID);
+        if (mHandle == nullptr)
+        {
+            throw SDLError();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy() noexcept
+    {
+        if (mHandle != nullptr)
+        {
+            SDL_CloseGamepad(mHandle);
+            mHandle = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    Sint16 getAxis(GamepadAxis axis) const noexcept
+    {
+        return SDL_GetGamepadAxis(mHandle, static_cast<SDL_GamepadAxis>(axis));
+    }
+};
+
+[[nodiscard]]
+inline std::vector<SDL_JoystickID> getGamepads() noexcept
+{
+    int count = 0;
+    SDL_JoystickID* gamepads = SDL_GetGamepads(&count);
+    std::vector<SDL_JoystickID> result;
+    result.resize(count);
+    std::copy_n(gamepads, count, result.begin());
+    return result;
+}
+} // namespace sdlpp
+
+#endif // !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_GAMEPAD_HPP_INCLUDED)
diff --git a/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/keyboard.hpp b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/keyboard.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcbd263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/sdl_gpu_test/sdlpp/keyboard.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_KEYBOARD_HPP_INCLUDED)
+#define SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_KEYBOARD_HPP_INCLUDED 1
+
+#include "./common.hpp"
+
+namespace sdlpp
+{
+[[nodiscard]]
+inline std::span<const SDL_bool> getKeyboardState() noexcept
+{
+    int numkeys = 0;
+    const SDL_bool* states = SDL_GetKeyboardState(&numkeys);
+    return {states, static_cast<std::size_t>(numkeys)};
+}
+} // namespace sdlpp
+
+#endif // !defined(SDL_GPU_TEST_PRIVATE_SDL_GPU_TEST_SDLPP_KEYBOARD_HPP_INCLUDED)