Merge branch 'develop'

2015-02-08 07:14:51 +08:00
parent 1f559964f9 274155b1da
commit 710ffb29ff
121 changed files with 7978 additions and 4003 deletions
--- a/build/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/build/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# CMake configuration for Nana
+# Author: ierofant(https://github.com/ierofant)
+
+project(nana)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
+
+string(REGEX REPLACE "/[^/]*$" "" CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "/[^/]*$" "" CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+
+set(NANA_SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/source)
+set(NANA_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+
+if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -Wall")
+endif(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
+
+include_directories(${NANA_INCLUDE_DIR})
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR} NANA_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/detail NANA_DETAIL_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/filesystem NANA_FILESYSTEM_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/audio NANA_AUDIO_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/audio/detail NANA_AUDIO_DETAIL_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/gui NANA_GUI_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/gui/detail NANA_GUI_DETAIL_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/gui/widgets NANA_GUI_WIDGETS_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/gui/widgets/skeletons NANA_GUI_WIDGETS_SKELETONS_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/paint NANA_PAINT_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/paint/detail NANA_PAINT_DETAIL_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/system NANA_SYSTEM_SOURCE)
+aux_source_directory(${NANA_SOURCE_DIR}/threads NANA_THREADS_SOURCE)
+
+add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} ${NANA_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_DETAIL_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_FILESYSTEM_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_AUDIO_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_AUDIO_DETAIL_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_GUI_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_GUI_DETAIL_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_GUI_WIDGETS_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_GUI_WIDGETS_SKELETONS_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_PAINT_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_PAINT_DETAIL_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_SYSTEM_SOURCE}
+							${NANA_THREADS_SOURCE})
+
+
+install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
+			ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
+			LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
+install(DIRECTORY ${NANA_INCLUDE_DIR}/nana DESTINATION include)
--- a/build/codeblocks/nana.cbp
+++ b/build/codeblocks/nana.cbp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/basic_window.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/bedrock_selector.cpp" />
+		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/color_schemes.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/element_store.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/detail/events_operation.cpp" />
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/notifier.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/place.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/programming_interface.cpp" />
+		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/screen.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/state_cursor.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/timer.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/tooltip.cpp" />
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/scroll.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/slider.cpp" />
+		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/spinbox.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/tabbar.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/textbox.cpp" />
 		<Unit filename="../../source/gui/widgets/toolbar.cpp" />
--- a/build/codeblocks/nana.layout
+++ b/build/codeblocks/nana.layout
@@ -1,39 +1,79 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>
 <CodeBlocks_layout_file>
 	<ActiveTarget name="Debug" />
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\programming_interface.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="5022" topLine="159" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\tooltip.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="4739" topLine="194" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\button.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="7080" topLine="291" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\paint\graphics.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="5" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="30961" topLine="1020" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\filesystem\fs_utility.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="5" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="1562" topLine="57" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\categorize.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="6160" topLine="196" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\paint\image.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="3714" topLine="168" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\animation.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="1164" topLine="43" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\checkbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="6998" topLine="275" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\combox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="3" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="16572" topLine="610" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\date_chooser.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
 			<Cursor1 position="457" topLine="3" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\audio\detail\buffer_preparation.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\paint\text_renderer.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="1924" topLine="62" />
+			<Cursor1 position="5894" topLine="205" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\tabbar.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\listbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="18615" topLine="760" />
+			<Cursor1 position="12428" topLine="532" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\textbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\threads\pool.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="7" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="11188" topLine="459" />
+			<Cursor1 position="5569" topLine="249" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\audio\detail\audio_device.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\menu.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="6256" topLine="215" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\toolbar.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="2244" topLine="84" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\treebox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="3" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="15535" topLine="539" />
+			<Cursor1 position="27717" topLine="1044" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\detail\native_window_interface.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="3" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
@@ -41,6 +81,11 @@
 			<Cursor1 position="4901" topLine="171" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\audio\detail\buffer_preparation.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="1924" topLine="62" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\detail\window_layout.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
 			<Cursor1 position="5198" topLine="161" />
@@ -56,9 +101,9 @@
 			<Cursor1 position="1316" topLine="59" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\paint\graphics.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="5" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\charset.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="30961" topLine="1020" />
+			<Cursor1 position="412" topLine="15" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\element.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
@@ -66,9 +111,9 @@
 			<Cursor1 position="20890" topLine="542" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\paint\image.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\detail\platform_spec_selector.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="3714" topLine="168" />
+			<Cursor1 position="587" topLine="2" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\filebox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
@@ -76,79 +121,34 @@
 			<Cursor1 position="22934" topLine="871" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\tabbar.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="18615" topLine="760" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\textbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+		<Cursor>
+			<Cursor1 position="11188" topLine="459" />
+		</Cursor>
+	</File>
 	<File name="..\..\source\gui\msgbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="4" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
 			<Cursor1 position="48249" topLine="407" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\paint\text_renderer.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\toolbar.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="5894" topLine="205" />
+			<Cursor1 position="2244" topLine="84" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\programming_interface.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\treebox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="3" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="5022" topLine="159" />
+			<Cursor1 position="15535" topLine="539" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\charset.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
+	<File name="..\..\source\audio\detail\audio_device.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
 		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="412" topLine="15" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\listbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="12428" topLine="532" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\threads\pool.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="7" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="5569" topLine="249" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\tooltip.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="4739" topLine="194" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\menu.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="27717" topLine="1044" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\detail\platform_spec_selector.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="587" topLine="2" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\button.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="2" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="7080" topLine="291" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\categorize.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="6160" topLine="196" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\checkbox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="0" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="6998" topLine="275" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\filesystem\fs_utility.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="5" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="1562" topLine="57" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\widgets\combox.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="3" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="16572" topLine="610" />
-		</Cursor>
-	</File>
-	<File name="..\..\source\gui\animation.cpp" open="0" top="0" tabpos="1" split="0" active="1" splitpos="0" zoom_1="0" zoom_2="0">
-		<Cursor>
-			<Cursor1 position="1164" topLine="43" />
+			<Cursor1 position="6256" topLine="215" />
 		</Cursor>
 	</File>
 </CodeBlocks_layout_file>
--- a/build/vc2013/nana.vcxproj
+++ b/build/vc2013/nana.vcxproj
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\basis.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\basic_window.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\bedrock_pi.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\color_schemes.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\drawer.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\element_store.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\events_operation.cpp" />
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\notifier.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\place.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\programming_interface.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\screen.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\state_cursor.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\timer.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\tooltip.cpp" />
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\scroll.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\skeletons\text_editor.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\slider.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\spinbox.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\tabbar.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\textbox.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\toolbar.cpp" />
--- a/build/vc2013/nana.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/build/vc2013/nana.vcxproj.filters
@@ -291,5 +291,14 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\internationalization.cpp">
      <Filter>Source Files\nana</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\detail\color_schemes.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files\nana\gui\detail</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\screen.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files\nana\gui</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\source\gui\widgets\spinbox.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files\nana\gui\widgets</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
--- a/include/nana/basic_types.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/basic_types.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Basic Types definition
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #define NANA_BASIC_TYPES_HPP

 #include <nana/deploy.hpp>
+#include <cctype>

 namespace nana
 {
@@ -98,27 +99,251 @@ namespace nana
 	typedef unsigned char	uint8_t;
 	typedef unsigned long	uint32_t;
 	typedef unsigned		uint_t;
-	typedef unsigned		color_t;
 	typedef long long long_long_t;

-	const color_t null_color = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-
-	struct pixel_rgb_t
+	union pixel_argb_t
 	{
-		union
+		struct element_tag
 		{
-			struct element_tag
-			{
-				unsigned int blue:8;
-				unsigned int green:8;
-				unsigned int red:8;
-				unsigned int alpha_channel:8;
-			}element;
-
-			color_t color;
-		}u;
+			unsigned char blue;
+			unsigned char green;
+			unsigned char red;
+			unsigned char alpha_channel;
+		}element;
+		unsigned value;
 	};

+	union pixel_rgba_t
+	{
+		struct element_tag
+		{
+			unsigned char alpha_channel;
+			unsigned char blue;
+			unsigned char green;
+			unsigned char red;
+		}element;
+		unsigned value;
+	};
+
+	using pixel_color_t = pixel_argb_t;
+
+	//http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-color-20110607/
+	//4.3. Extended color keywords
+	enum class colors
+	{
+		alice_blue = 0xf0f8ff,
+		antique_white = 0xfaebd7,
+		aqua	= 0xFFFF,
+		aquamarine = 0x7fffd4,
+		azure	= 0xf0ffff,
+		beige	= 0xf5f5dc,
+		bisque	= 0xffe4ce,
+		black	= 0x0,
+		blanched_almond = 0xffebcd,
+		blue	= 0x0000FF,
+		blue_violet = 0x8a2be2,
+		brown	= 0xa52a2a,
+		burly_wood = 0xdeb887,
+		cadet_blue = 0x5f9ea0,
+		chartreuse = 0x7fff00,
+		chocolate = 0xd2691e,
+		coral = 0xff7f50,
+		cornflower_blue = 0x6495ed,
+		cornsilk = 0xfff8dc,
+		crimson	= 0xdc143c,
+		cyan	= 0xffff,
+		dark_blue = 0x8b,
+		dark_cyan = 0x8b8b,
+		dark_goldenrod = 0xb8860b,
+		dark_gray = 0xa9a9a9,
+		dark_green = 0x6400,
+		dark_grey = dark_gray,
+		dark_khaki = 0xbdb76b,
+		dark_magenta = 0x8b008b,
+		dark_olive_green = 0x556b2f,
+		dark_orange = 0xff8c00,
+		dark_orchid = 0x9932cc,
+		dark_red = 0x8b0000,
+		dark_salmon = 0xe9976a,
+		dark_sea_green = 0x8fbc8f,
+		dark_slate_blue = 0x483d8b,
+		dark_slate_gray = 0x2f4f4f,
+		dark_slate_grey = 0x2f4f4f,
+		dark_turquoise = 0xced1,
+		dark_violet = 0x9400d3,
+		deep_pink = 0xff1493,
+		deep_sky_blue = 0xbfff,
+		dim_gray = 0x696969,
+		dim_grey = dim_gray,
+		dodger_blue = 0x1e90ff,
+		firebrick = 0xb22222,
+		floral_white = 0xfffaf0,
+		forest_green = 0x228b22,
+		fuchsia	= 0xFF00FF,
+		gainsboro = 0xdcdcdc,
+		ghost_white = 0xf8f8ff,
+		gold = 0xffd700,
+		goldenrod = 0xdaa520,
+		gray = 0x808080,
+		green = 0x008000,
+		green_yellow = 0xadff2f,
+		grey = gray,
+		honeydew = 0xf0fff0,
+		hot_pink = 0xff69b4,
+		indian_red = 0xcd5c5c,
+		indigo	= 0x4b0082,
+		ivory = 0xfffff0,
+		khaki = 0xf0e68c,
+		lavendar = 0xe6e6fa,
+		lavender_blush = 0xfff0f5,
+		lawn_green = 0x7cfc00,
+		lemon_chiffon = 0xfffacd,
+		light_blue = 0xadd8e6,
+		light_coral = 0xf08080,
+		light_cyan = 0xe0ffff,
+		light_goldenrod_yellow = 0xfafad2,
+		light_gray = 0xd3d3d3,
+		light_green = 0x90ee90,
+		light_grey = light_gray,
+		light_pink = 0xffb6c1,
+		light_salmon = 0xffa07a,
+		light_sea_green = 0x20b2aa,
+		light_sky_blue = 0x87cefa,
+		light_slate_gray = 0x778899,
+		light_slate_grey = light_slate_gray,
+		light_steel_blue = 0xb0c4de,
+		light_yellow = 0xffffe0,
+		lime	= 0x00FF00,
+		lime_green = 0x32cd32,
+		linen = 0xfaf0e6,
+		magenta = 0xff00ff,
+		maroon	= 0x800000,
+		medium_aquamarine = 0x66cdaa,
+		medium_blue = 0xcd,
+		medium_orchid = 0xba55d3,
+		medium_purple = 0x9370db,
+		medium_sea_green = 0x3cb371,
+		medium_slate_blue = 0x7b68ee,
+		medium_spring_green = 0xfa9a,
+		medium_turquoise = 0x48d1cc,
+		medium_violet_red = 0xc71585,
+		midnight_blue = 0x191970,
+		mint_cream = 0xf5fffa,
+
+		misty_rose = 0xffe4e1,
+		moccasin = 0xffe4b5,
+		navajo_white = 0xffdead,
+		navy	= 0x000080,
+		old_lace = 0xfdf5e6,
+		olive	= 0x808000,
+		olive_drab = 0x6b8e23,
+		orange	= 0xffa500,
+		orange_red = 0xff4500,
+		orchid	= 0xda70d6,
+		pale_goldenrod = 0xeee8aa,
+		pale_green	= 0x98fb98,
+		pale_turquoise = 0xafeeee,
+		pale_violet_red = 0xdb7093,
+		papaya_whip = 0xffefd5,
+		peach_puff = 0xffdab9,
+		peru	= 0xcd853f,
+		pink	= 0xffc0cb,
+		plum	= 0xdda0dd,
+		powder_blue = 0xb0e0e6,
+		purple	= 0x800080,
+		red		= 0xFF0000,
+		rosy_brown = 0xbc8f8f,
+		royal_blue = 0x4169e1,
+		saddle_brown = 0x8b4513,
+		salmon = 0xfa8072,
+		sandy_brown = 0xf4a460,
+		sea_green = 0x2e8b57,
+		sea_shell = 0xfff5ee,
+		sienna	= 0xa0522d,
+		silver	= 0xc0c0c0,
+		sky_blue = 0x87ceeb,
+		slate_blue = 0x6a5acd,
+		slate_gray = 0x708090,
+		slate_grey = 0x708090,
+		snow	= 0xfffafa,
+		spring_green = 0xff7f,
+		steel_blue = 0x4682b4,
+		tan		= 0xd2b48c,
+		teal	= 0x008080,
+		thistle	= 0xd8bfd8,
+		tomato	= 0xff6347,
+		turquoise = 0x40e0d0,
+		violet	= 0xee82ee,
+		wheat	= 0xf5deb3,
+		white	= 0xFFFFFF,
+		white_smoke = 0xf5f5f5,
+		yellow	= 0xFFFF00,
+		yellow_green = 0x9acd32,
+
+		//temporary defintions, these will be replaced by color schema
+		button_face_shadow_start = 0xF5F4F2,
+		button_face_shadow_end = 0xD5D2CA,
+		button_face = 0xD4D0C8,
+		dark_border = 0x404040,
+		gray_border = 0x808080,
+		highlight = 0x1CC4F7
+	};
+
+	//Some helper types to identify an integer as color.
+	enum class color_rgb :	unsigned{};
+	enum class color_argb:	unsigned{};
+	enum class color_rgba : unsigned{};
+
+	class color
+	{
+	public:
+		color() = default;
+		color(colors);
+		color(colors, double alpha);
+		color(color_rgb);
+		color(color_argb);
+		color(color_rgba);
+		color(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue);
+		color(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue, double alpha);
+
+		/// Initializes the color with a CSS-like rgb string.
+		color(std::string css_rgb);
+
+		color& alpha(double);	///< Sets alpha channel
+		color& from_rgb(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue);		///< immutable alpha channel
+
+		/// Sets color with a HSL value.
+		/// @param hue in range of [0, 360]
+		/// @param saturation in range of [0, 1]
+		/// @param lightness  in range of [0, 1]
+		color& from_hsl(double hue, double saturation, double lightness);	///< immutable alpha channel
+
+		color blend(const color& bgcolor, bool ignore_bgcolor_alpha) const;
+
+		///< Blends two colors with the specified alpha, and the alpha values that come with these two colors are both ignored. 
+		color blend(const color& bgcolor, double alpha) const;
+
+		///< Determines whether the color is completely transparent.
+		bool invisible() const;
+		pixel_color_t px_color() const;
+		pixel_argb_t argb() const;
+		pixel_rgba_t rgba() const;
+
+		const double& r() const;
+		const double& g() const;
+		const double& b() const;
+		const double& a() const;
+
+		bool operator==(const color& other) const;
+		bool operator!=(const color& other) const;
+	private:
+		double r_;
+		double g_;
+		double b_;
+		double a_{ 0.0 };	//invisible
+	};
+
+
 	struct rectangle;

 	struct point
@@ -163,8 +388,9 @@ namespace nana

 	struct size
 	{
+		using value_type = unsigned;
 		size();
-		size(unsigned width, unsigned height);
+		size(value_type width, value_type height);
 		size(const rectangle&);

 		size& operator=(const rectangle&);
@@ -175,8 +401,8 @@ namespace nana
 		bool operator!=(const size& rhs) const;
 		size operator+(const size&) const;

-		unsigned width;
-		unsigned height;
+		value_type width;
+		value_type height;
 	};

 	struct rectangle
@@ -247,6 +473,16 @@ namespace nana
 	{
 		top, center, bottom
 	};
+
+	///The definition of the four corners of the world
+	enum class direction
+	{
+		north,
+		south,
+		east,
+		west,
+		southeast
+	};
 }//end namespace nana

 #endif
--- a/include/nana/config.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/config.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 //Windows:
 	#define NANA_WINDOWS	1
 	#define PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP <nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp>
-	#define GUI_BEDROCK_HPP <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>

 	//Test if it is MINGW
 	#if defined(__MINGW32__)
@@ -31,8 +30,6 @@
 	#define NANA_LINUX	1
 	#define NANA_X11	1
 	#define PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP <nana/detail/linux_X11/platform_spec.hpp>
-	#define GUI_BEDROCK_HPP <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
-
 	#define STD_CODECVT_NOT_SUPPORTED
 #endif

--- a/include/nana/deploy.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/deploy.hpp
@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ namespace nana
 	std::size_t strlen(const char_t* str);
 	double strtod(const char_t* str, char_t** endptr);
 	char_t* strcpy(char_t* dest, const char_t* source);
+
+	//Workaround for no implemenation of std::stoi in MinGW.
+	int stoi(const std::string&, std::size_t * pos = nullptr, int base = 10);
+	int stoi(const std::wstring&, std::size_t* pos = nullptr, int base = 10);
+
+	//Workaround for no implemenation of std::stod in MinGW.
+	double stod(const std::string&, std::size_t * pos = nullptr);
+	double stod(const std::wstring&, std::size_t* pos = nullptr);
 }

 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
--- a/include/nana/detail/linux_X11/platform_spec.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/detail/linux_X11/platform_spec.hpp
@@ -85,11 +85,6 @@ namespace detail
 	{
 		typedef std::shared_ptr<font_tag> font_ptr_t;

-		drawable_impl_type();
-		~drawable_impl_type();
-
-		void fgcolor(unsigned color);
-
 		Pixmap	pixmap;
 		GC	context;
 		font_ptr_t font;
@@ -107,8 +102,20 @@ namespace detail
 		XftColor	xft_fgcolor;
 		const std::string charset(const nana::string& str, const std::string& strcode);
 #endif
+		drawable_impl_type();
+		~drawable_impl_type();
+
+		void fgcolor(const ::nana::color&); //deprecated
+		void set_color(const ::nana::color&);
+		void set_text_color(const ::nana::color&);
+
+		void update_color();
+		void update_text_color();
 	private:
-		unsigned fgcolor_{0xFFFFFFFF};
+		unsigned current_color_{ 0xFFFFFF };
+		unsigned color_{ 0xFFFFFFFF };
+		unsigned text_color_{ 0xFFFFFFFF };
+
 #if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
 		struct conv_tag
 		{
@@ -217,9 +224,9 @@ namespace detail
 		void read_keystate(XKeyEvent&);

 		XIC	caret_input_context(native_window_type) const;
-		void caret_open(native_window_type, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+		void caret_open(native_window_type, const ::nana::size&);
 		void caret_close(native_window_type);
-		void caret_pos(native_window_type, int x, int y);
+		void caret_pos(native_window_type, const ::nana::point&);
 		void caret_visible(native_window_type, bool);
 		void caret_flash(caret_tag&);
 		bool caret_update(native_window_type, nana::paint::graphics& root_graph, bool is_erase_caret_from_root_graph);
--- a/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/detail/win32/platform_spec.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Platform Specification Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -91,8 +92,8 @@ namespace detail

 		HDC		context;
 		HBITMAP	pixmap;
-		pixel_rgb_t*	pixbuf_ptr;
-		std::size_t		bytes_per_line;
+		pixel_argb_t*	pixbuf_ptr{nullptr};
+		std::size_t		bytes_per_line{0};
 		font_ptr_t font;

 		struct pen_spec
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ namespace detail
 			int style;
 			int width;

-			void set(HDC context, int style, int width, nana::color_t color);
+			void set(HDC context, int style, int width,unsigned color);
 		}pen;

 		struct brush_spec
@@ -111,9 +112,9 @@ namespace detail

 			HBRUSH handle;
 			t style;
-			nana::color_t color;
+			unsigned color;

-			void set(HDC context, t style, nana::color_t color);
+			void set(HDC context, t style, unsigned color);
 		}brush;

 		struct round_region_spec
@@ -136,9 +137,16 @@ namespace detail
 		drawable_impl_type();
 		~drawable_impl_type();

-		void fgcolor(nana::color_t);
+		void fgcolor(const ::nana::color&);	//deprecated
+		unsigned get_color() const;
+		void set_color(const ::nana::color&);
+		void set_text_color(const ::nana::color&);
+
+		void update_pen();
+		void update_brush();
 	private:
-		unsigned fgcolor_;
+		unsigned color_{ 0xffffffff };
+		unsigned text_color_{0xffffffff};
 	};

 	class platform_spec
--- a/include/nana/gui/basis.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/basis.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Basis Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace nana
 		struct native_window_handle_impl{};
 		struct window_handle_impl{};
 		struct event_handle_impl{};
+		struct native_drawable_impl{};
 	}

 	enum class checkstate
@@ -63,56 +64,39 @@ namespace nana
 		struct frame_tag: widget_tag{ static const flags value = flags::frame; };
 	}// end namespace category

-	typedef detail::native_window_handle_impl * native_window_type;
-
-	typedef detail::window_handle_impl*	window; ///< \see [What is window class ](https://sourceforge.net/p/nanapro/discussion/general/thread/bd0fabfb/) 
-	typedef detail::event_handle_impl*	event_handle;
+	using native_window_type = detail::native_window_handle_impl*;
+	using window = detail::window_handle_impl*; ///< \see [What is window class ](https://sourceforge.net/p/nanapro/discussion/general/thread/bd0fabfb/) 
+	using event_handle = detail::event_handle_impl*;
+	using native_drawable_type = detail::native_drawable_impl*;


 	struct keyboard
 	{
-		enum t{
+		enum{
 			//Control Code for ASCII
-			select_all	= 0x1,
-			end_of_text		= 0x3,	//Ctrl+C
-			backspace	= 0x8,	tab		= 0x9,
-			enter_n		= 0xA,	enter	= 0xD,	enter_r = 0xD,
-			alt			= 0x12,
-			sync_idel		= 0x16,	//Ctrl+V
-			cancel			= 0x18,	//Ctrl+X
-			end_of_medium	= 0x19,	//Ctrl+Y
-			substitute		= 0x1A,	//Ctrl+Z
-			escape		= 0x1B,
+			start_of_headline = 0x1,	//Ctrl+A
+			end_of_text = 0x3,	//Ctrl+C
+			backspace = 0x8, tab = 0x9,
+			enter_n = 0xA, enter = 0xD, enter_r = 0xD,
+			alt = 0x12,
+			sync_idel = 0x16,	//Ctrl+V
+			cancel = 0x18,	//Ctrl+X
+			end_of_medium = 0x19,	//Ctrl+Y
+			substitute = 0x1A,	//Ctrl+Z
+			escape = 0x1B,

 			//The following names are intuitive name of ASCII control codes
-			copy	= 0x3,	//end_of_text
-			paste	= 0x16,	//sync_idel
-			cut		= 0x18,	//cancel
-			redo	= 0x19,	//end_of_medium
-			undo	= 0x1A,	//substitue
+			select_all = start_of_headline,
+			copy = end_of_text,
+			paste = sync_idel,
+			cut = cancel,
+			redo = end_of_medium,
+			undo = substitute,

 			//System Code for OS
-			os_pageup		= 0x21,	os_pagedown,
-			os_arrow_left	= 0x25, os_arrow_up, os_arrow_right, os_arrow_down,
-			os_insert		= 0x2D, os_del
-		};
-	};
-
-	namespace color
-	{
-		enum
-		{
-			white	= 0xFFFFFF,
-			blue	= 0x0000FF,
-			green	= 0x00FF00,
-			red		= 0xFF0000,
-
-			button_face_shadow_start = 0xF5F4F2,
-			button_face_shadow_end = 0xD5D2CA,
-			button_face = 0xD4D0C8,
-			dark_border	= 0x404040,
-			gray_border	= 0x808080,
-			highlight = 0x1CC4F7
+			os_pageup = 0x21, os_pagedown,
+			os_arrow_left = 0x25, os_arrow_up, os_arrow_right, os_arrow_down,
+			os_insert = 0x2D, os_del
 		};
 	};

--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/basic_window.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/basic_window.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Basic Window Widget Definition
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_DETAIL_BASIC_WINDOW_HPP
 #include "drawer.hpp"
 #include "events_holder.hpp"
-#include "../basis.hpp"
+#include "widget_colors.hpp"
 #include <nana/basic_types.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/effects.hpp>
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace detail
 	struct basic_window
 		: public events_holder
 	{
-		typedef std::vector<basic_window*> container;
+		using container = std::vector<basic_window*>;

 		struct root_context
 		{
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ namespace detail
 		bool is_ancestor_of(const basic_window* wd) const;
 		bool visible_parents() const;
 		bool belong_to_lazy() const;
+
+		bool is_draw_through() const;	///< Determines whether it is a draw-through window.
 	public:
 		//Override event_holder
 		bool set_events(const std::shared_ptr<general_events>&) override;
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ namespace detail
 		{
 			bool enabled	:1;
 			bool dbl_click	:1;
-			bool capture	:1;	//if mouse button is down, it always receive mouse move even the mouse is out of its rectangle
+			bool captured	:1;	//if mouse button is down, it always receive mouse move even the mouse is out of its rectangle
 			bool modal		:1;
 			bool take_active:1;	//If take_active is false, other.active_window still keeps the focus.
 			bool refreshing	:1;
@@ -163,7 +165,8 @@ namespace detail
 			bool dropable	:1; //Whether the window has make mouse_drop event.
 			bool fullscreen	:1;	//When the window is maximizing whether it fit for fullscreen.
 			bool borderless :1;
-			unsigned Reserved	:22;
+			bool make_bground_declared : 1;	//explicitly make bground for bground effects
+			unsigned Reserved	:21;
 			unsigned char tab;		//indicate a window that can receive the keyboard TAB
 			mouse_action	action;
 		}flags;
@@ -174,13 +177,8 @@ namespace detail
 			std::shared_ptr<general_events> events_ptr;
 			general_events* attached_events;
 		}together;
-
-		struct
-		{
-			color_t foreground;
-			color_t	background;
-			color_t	active;
-		}color;
+		
+		widget_colors* scheme{ nullptr };

 		struct
 		{
@@ -211,6 +209,8 @@ namespace detail
 #endif
 				cursor			state_cursor{nana::cursor::arrow};
 				basic_window*	state_cursor_window{ nullptr };
+
+				std::function<void()> draw_through;	///< A draw through renderer for root widgets.
 			};

 			const category::flags category;
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Bedrock Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "events_operation.hpp"
 #include "runtime_manager.hpp"
 #include "general_events.hpp"
+#include "color_schemes.hpp"
 #include "internal_scope_guard.hpp"

 namespace nana
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ namespace detail

 		~bedrock();
 		void pump_event(window, bool is_modal);
-		void map_thread_root_buffer(core_window_t* );
+		void map_thread_root_buffer(core_window_t*, bool forced);
 		static int inc_window(unsigned tid = 0);
 		thread_context* open_thread_context(unsigned tid = 0);
 		thread_context* get_thread_context(unsigned tid = 0);
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ namespace detail
 		bool whether_keyboard_shortkey() const;

 		element_store& get_element_store() const;
+		void map_through_widgets(core_window_t*, native_drawable_type);
 	public:
 		void event_expose(core_window_t *, bool exposed);
 		void event_move(core_window_t*, int x, int y);
@@ -76,22 +78,27 @@ namespace detail
 		void set_cursor(core_window_t*, nana::cursor, thread_context*);
 		void define_state_cursor(core_window_t*, nana::cursor, thread_context*);
 		void undefine_state_cursor(core_window_t*, thread_context*);
+
+		widget_colors& get_scheme_template(scheme_factory_base&&);
+		std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> make_scheme(scheme_factory_base&&);
 	public:
-		window_manager_t	wd_manager;
 		events_operation	evt_operation;
+		window_manager_t	wd_manager;

 		runtime_manager<core_window_t*, bedrock>	rt_manager;

 		bool emit(event_code, core_window_t*, const arg_mouse&, bool ask_update, thread_context*);
-		bool emit(event_code, core_window_t*, const event_arg_interface&, bool ask_update, thread_context*);
-		bool emit_drawer(event_code, core_window_t*, const event_arg_interface&, thread_context*);
+		bool emit(event_code, core_window_t*, const event_arg&, bool ask_update, thread_context*);
+		bool emit_drawer(event_code, core_window_t*, const event_arg&, thread_context*);
 	private:
-		void _m_emit_core(event_code, core_window_t*, bool draw_only, const event_arg_interface&);
+		void _m_emit_core(event_code, core_window_t*, bool draw_only, const event_arg&);
 		void _m_event_filter(event_code, core_window_t*, thread_context*);
 		void _m_except_handler();
 	private:
 		static bedrock bedrock_object;

+		struct pi_data;
+		pi_data*	pi_data_;
 		struct private_impl;
 		private_impl *impl_;
 	};//end class bedrock
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock_pi_data.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/bedrock_pi_data.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef NANA_DETAIL_BEDROCK_PI_DATA_HPP
+#define NANA_DETAIL_BEDROCK_PI_DATA_HPP
+
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
+#include "color_schemes.hpp"
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	namespace detail
+	{
+		struct bedrock::pi_data
+		{
+			color_schemes scheme;
+
+		};
+	}
+}
+#endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/color_schemes.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/color_schemes.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+*	Color Schemes
+*	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*
+*	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+*	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+*	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+*
+*	@file: nana/gui/color_schemes.hpp
+*	@description:
+*/
+#ifndef NANA_DETAIL_COLOR_SCHEMES_HPP
+#define NANA_DETAIL_COLOR_SCHEMES_HPP
+
+#include "widget_colors.hpp"
+#include <nana/pat/cloneable.hpp>
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	namespace detail
+	{
+		class scheme_factory_base
+		{
+		public:
+			struct factory_identifier{};
+			virtual ~scheme_factory_base() = default;
+
+			virtual factory_identifier* get_id() const = 0;
+			virtual std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> create() = 0;
+			virtual std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> create(widget_colors&) = 0;
+		};
+
+		template<typename Scheme>
+		class scheme_factory
+			: public scheme_factory_base
+		{
+		private:
+			factory_identifier* get_id() const override
+			{
+				return &fid_;
+			}
+
+			std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> create() override
+			{
+				return std::unique_ptr<widget_colors>(new Scheme);
+			}
+
+			std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> create(widget_colors& other) override
+			{
+				return std::unique_ptr<widget_colors>{new Scheme(static_cast<Scheme&>(other))};
+			}
+		private:
+			static factory_identifier fid_;
+		};
+
+		template<typename Scheme>
+		scheme_factory_base::factory_identifier scheme_factory<Scheme>::fid_;
+
+		class color_schemes
+		{
+			struct implement;
+			color_schemes(const color_schemes&) = delete;
+			color_schemes(color_schemes&&) = delete;
+			color_schemes& operator=(const color_schemes&) = delete;
+			color_schemes& operator=(color_schemes&&) = delete;
+		public:
+			using scheme = widget_colors;
+
+			color_schemes();
+			~color_schemes();
+
+			scheme&	scheme_template(scheme_factory_base&&);
+			std::unique_ptr<scheme> create(scheme_factory_base&&);
+		private:
+			implement * impl_;
+		};
+	}//end namespace detail;
+}//end namespace nana
+#endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/drawer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/drawer.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Drawer Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void key_char(const arg_keyboard&);
 			void key_release(const arg_keyboard&);
 			void shortkey(const arg_keyboard&);
-			void map(window);	//Copy the root buffer to screen
+			void map(window, bool forced);	//Copy the root buffer to screen
 			void refresh();
 			drawer_trigger* realizer() const;
 			void attached(widget&, drawer_trigger&);
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void _m_bground_pre();
 			void _m_bground_end();
 			void _m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object();
-			void _m_use_refresh();
+			bool _m_lazy_decleared() const;

 			template<typename Arg, typename Mfptr>
 			void _m_emit(event_code evt_code, const Arg& arg, Mfptr mfptr)
@@ -139,14 +139,20 @@ namespace nana
 						{
 							realizer_->_m_reset_overrided();
 							(realizer_->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);
-							mth_state_[pos] = (realizer_->_m_overrided() ? method_state::overrided : method_state::not_overrided);
+							
+							//Check realizer, when the window is closed in that event handler, the drawer will be
+							//detached and realizer will be a nullptr
+							if(realizer_)
+								mth_state_[pos] = (realizer_->_m_overrided() ? method_state::overrided : method_state::not_overrided);
 						}
 						else
 							(realizer_->*mfptr)(graphics, arg);

-						_m_use_refresh();
-						_m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object();
-						_m_bground_end();
+						if (_m_lazy_decleared())
+						{
+							_m_draw_dynamic_drawing_object();
+							_m_bground_end();
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include <nana/gui/effects.hpp>
 #include <nana/paint/graphics.hpp>
 #include <nana/paint/pixel_buffer.hpp>
-
 #include <nana/gui/layout_utility.hpp>

 namespace nana{
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ namespace nana{
 		template<typename CoreWindow>
 		class edge_nimbus_renderer
 		{
-			edge_nimbus_renderer(){}
+			edge_nimbus_renderer() = default;
 		public:
 			typedef CoreWindow core_window_t;
 			typedef window_layout window_layer;
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ namespace nana{
 				return 2;
 			}

-			bool render(core_window_t * wd)
+			bool render(core_window_t * wd, bool forced)
 			{
 				bool rendered = false;
 				core_window_t * root_wd = wd->root_widget;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ namespace nana{
 					auto graph = root_wd->root_graph;

 					std::vector<core_window_t*> erase;
-					std::vector<rectangle>	r_set;
+					std::vector<std::pair<rectangle,core_window_t*>>	rd_set;
 					nana::rectangle r;
 					for(auto & action : nimbus)
 					{
@@ -53,8 +52,12 @@ namespace nana{
 							if(action.window == wd)
 								rendered = true;

-							r_set.push_back(r);
-							action.rendered = true;
+							//Avoiding duplicated rendering. If the window is declared to lazy refresh, it should be rendered.
+							if ((forced && (action.window == wd)) || !action.rendered || (action.window->other.upd_state == core_window_t::update_state::refresh))
+							{
+								rd_set.emplace_back(r, action.window);
+								action.rendered = true;
+							}
 						}
 						else if(action.rendered)
 						{
@@ -77,13 +80,9 @@ namespace nana{
 						graph->paste(native, r, r.x, r.y);
 					}

-					auto visual_iterator = r_set.begin();
 					//Render
-					for(auto & action : nimbus)
-					{
-						if(action.rendered)
-							_m_render_edge_nimbus(action.window, *(visual_iterator++));
-					}
+					for (auto & rd : rd_set)
+						_m_render_edge_nimbus(rd.second, rd.first);
 				}
 				return rendered;
 			}
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ namespace nana{
 				nana::rectangle r(visual);
 				r.pare_off(-static_cast<int>(weight()));
 				nana::rectangle good_r;
-				if(overlap(r, nana::rectangle(wd->root_graph->size()), good_r))
+				if(overlap(r, wd->root_graph->size(), good_r))
 				{
 					if(	(good_r.x < wd->pos_root.x) || (good_r.y < wd->pos_root.y) ||
 						(good_r.x + good_r.width > visual.x + visual.width) || (good_r.y + good_r.height > visual.y + visual.height))
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ namespace nana{
 						auto graph = wd->root_graph;
 						nana::paint::pixel_buffer pixbuf(graph->handle(), r);

-						pixel_rgb_t px0, px1, px2, px3;
+						pixel_argb_t px0, px1, px2, px3;
 						
 						px0 = pixbuf.pixel(0, 0);
 						px1 = pixbuf.pixel(r.width - 1, 0);
@@ -120,12 +119,12 @@ namespace nana{
 						good_r.x = good_r.y = 1;
 						good_r.width = r.width - 2;
 						good_r.height = r.height - 2;
-						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->color.active, 0.95, false);
+						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.95, false);

 						good_r.x = good_r.y = 0;
 						good_r.width = r.width;
 						good_r.height = r.height;
-						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->color.active, 0.4, false);
+						pixbuf.rectangle(good_r, wd->scheme->activated.get_color(), 0.4, false);

 						pixbuf.pixel(0, 0, px0);
 						pixbuf.pixel(r.width - 1, 0, px1);
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/general_events.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Definition of General Events
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
-*	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -28,27 +28,32 @@ namespace nana
 		class event_interface
 		{
 		public:
-			virtual ~event_interface(){}
+			virtual ~event_interface() = default;
 			virtual void remove(event_handle) = 0;
 		};

 		class docker_interface
 		{
 		public:
-			virtual ~docker_interface(){}
+			virtual ~docker_interface() = default;
 			virtual event_interface*	get_event() const = 0;
 		};

-		class event_arg_interface
-		{
-		public:
-			virtual ~event_arg_interface(){}
-		};
-
 		void events_operation_register(event_handle);
 		void events_operation_cancel(event_handle);
 	}//end namespace detail

+	class event_arg
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual ~event_arg();
+
+		void stop_propagation() const;
+		bool propagation_stopped() const;
+	private:
+		mutable bool stop_propagation_{ false };
+	};
+
 	struct general_events;

 	template<typename Arg>
@@ -62,15 +67,16 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			basic_event * const event_ptr;
 			std::function<void(arg_reference)> invoke;
-			bool flag_entered = false;
-			bool flag_deleted = false;
+			bool flag_entered{ false };
+			bool flag_deleted{ false };
+			bool unignorable{false};

-			docker(basic_event * s, std::function<void(arg_reference)> && ivk)
-				: event_ptr(s), invoke(std::move(ivk))
+			docker(basic_event * s, std::function<void(arg_reference)> && ivk, bool unignorable_flag)
+				: event_ptr(s), invoke(std::move(ivk)), unignorable(unignorable_flag)
 			{}

-			docker(basic_event * s, const std::function<void(arg_reference)> & ivk)
-				: event_ptr(s), invoke(ivk)
+			docker(basic_event * s, const std::function<void(arg_reference)> & ivk, bool unignorable_flag)
+				: event_ptr(s), invoke(ivk), unignorable(unignorable_flag)
 			{}

 			~docker()
@@ -91,8 +97,8 @@ namespace nana
 			if (nullptr == dockers_)
 				dockers_.reset(new std::vector<std::unique_ptr<docker>>);

-			typedef typename std::remove_reference<Function>::type prototype;
-			std::unique_ptr<docker> dck(new docker(this, factory<prototype, std::is_bind_expression<prototype>::value>::build(std::forward<Function>(fn))));
+			using prototype = typename std::remove_reference<Function>::type;
+			std::unique_ptr<docker> dck(new docker(this, factory<prototype, std::is_bind_expression<prototype>::value>::build(std::forward<Function>(fn)), false));
 			auto evt = reinterpret_cast<event_handle>(static_cast<detail::docker_interface*>(dck.get()));
 			dockers_->emplace(dockers_->begin(), std::move(dck));
 			detail::events_operation_register(evt);
@@ -113,8 +119,8 @@ namespace nana
 			if (nullptr == dockers_)
 				dockers_.reset(new std::vector<std::unique_ptr<docker>>);

-			typedef typename std::remove_reference<Function>::type prototype;
-			std::unique_ptr<docker> dck(new docker(this, factory<prototype, std::is_bind_expression<prototype>::value>::build(std::forward<Function>(fn))));
+			using prototype = typename std::remove_reference<Function>::type;
+			std::unique_ptr<docker> dck(new docker(this, factory<prototype, std::is_bind_expression<prototype>::value>::build(std::forward<Function>(fn)), false));
 			auto evt = reinterpret_cast<event_handle>(static_cast<detail::docker_interface*>(dck.get()));
 			dockers_->emplace_back(std::move(dck));
 			detail::events_operation_register(evt);
@@ -127,6 +133,24 @@ namespace nana
 			return connect(std::forward<Function>(fn));
 		}

+		template<typename Function>
+		event_handle connect_unignorable(Function && fn, bool in_front = false)
+		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			if (nullptr == dockers_)
+				dockers_.reset(new std::vector<std::unique_ptr<docker>>);
+
+			using prototype = typename std::remove_reference<Function>::type;
+			std::unique_ptr<docker> dck(new docker(this, factory<prototype, std::is_bind_expression<prototype>::value>::build(std::forward<Function>(fn)), true));
+			auto evt = reinterpret_cast<event_handle>(static_cast<detail::docker_interface*>(dck.get()));
+			if (in_front)
+				dockers_->emplace(dockers_->begin(), std::move(dck));
+			else
+				dockers_->emplace_back(std::move(dck));
+			detail::events_operation_register(evt);
+			return evt;
+		}
+
 		std::size_t length() const
 		{
 			internal_scope_guard lock;
@@ -158,20 +182,30 @@ namespace nana
 				(*output++) = dck.get();
 			}

+			bool stop_propagation = false;
 			for (; transitory != output; ++transitory)
 			{
-				std::unique_ptr<docker> p(*transitory);
-				auto i = std::find(dockers.begin(), dockers.end(), p);
+				auto docker_ptr = *transitory;
+				if (stop_propagation && !docker_ptr->unignorable)
+					continue;
+
+				auto i = std::find_if(dockers.begin(), dockers.end(), [docker_ptr](std::unique_ptr<docker>& p){
+					return (docker_ptr == p.get());
+				});
+
 				if (i != dockers.end())
 				{
-					(*transitory)->flag_entered = true;
-					(*transitory)->invoke(arg);
-					(*transitory)->flag_entered = false;
+					docker_ptr->flag_entered = true;
+					docker_ptr->invoke(arg);

-					if ((*transitory)->flag_deleted)
+					if (arg.propagation_stopped())
+						stop_propagation = true;
+					
+					docker_ptr->flag_entered = false;
+
+					if (docker_ptr->flag_deleted)
 						dockers.erase(i);
 				}
-				p.release();
 			}
 		}

@@ -182,7 +216,7 @@ namespace nana
 				dockers_.reset();
 		}

-		void remove(event_handle evt)
+		void remove(event_handle evt) override
 		{
 			internal_scope_guard lock;
 			if (dockers_)
@@ -362,7 +396,7 @@ namespace nana
 	};

 	struct arg_mouse
-		: public detail::event_arg_interface
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		event_code evt_code;
 		::nana::window window_handle;
@@ -386,27 +420,27 @@ namespace nana
 		unsigned distance;	//expressed in multiples or divisions of 120
 	};

-	struct arg_dropfiles : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_dropfiles : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window	window_handle;
 		::nana::point	pos;
 		std::vector<nana::string>	files;
 	};

-	struct arg_expose : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_expose : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		bool exposed;
 	};

-	struct arg_focus : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_focus : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		::nana::native_window_type receiver;
 		bool getting;
 	};

-	struct arg_keyboard : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_keyboard : public event_arg
 	{
 		event_code evt_code;
 		::nana::window window_handle;
@@ -416,21 +450,21 @@ namespace nana
 		bool shift;
 	};

-	struct arg_move : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_move : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		int x;
 		int y;
 	};

-	struct arg_resized : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_resized : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		unsigned width;
 		unsigned height;
 	};

-	struct arg_resizing : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_resizing : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		window_border border;
@@ -438,13 +472,13 @@ namespace nana
 		mutable unsigned height;
 	};

-	struct arg_unload : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_unload : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 		mutable bool cancel;
 	};

-	struct arg_destroy : public detail::event_arg_interface
+	struct arg_destroy : public event_arg
 	{
 		::nana::window window_handle;
 	};
@@ -471,6 +505,7 @@ namespace nana
 		basic_event<arg_move>		move;
 		basic_event<arg_resizing>	resizing;
 		basic_event<arg_resized>	resized;
+
 		basic_event<arg_destroy>	destroy;
 	};

@@ -482,16 +517,6 @@ namespace nana
 			basic_event<arg_unload>	unload;
 		};
 	}//end namespace detail
-
-	namespace dev
-	{
-		template<typename Widget>
-		struct event_mapping
-		{
-			typedef general_events type;
-		};
-	}//end namespace dev
-
 }//end namespace nana

 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/inner_fwd_implement.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/inner_fwd_implement.hpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace nana{

 			root_misc(core_window_t * wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
 				:	window(wd),
-					root_graph(width, height)
+				root_graph({ width, height })
 			{}
 		};//end struct root_misc

--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Platform Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ namespace detail
 			unsigned extra_height;	//extra border size, it is useful in Windows, ignore in X11 always 0
 		};

-		static nana::size	screen_size();
+		static nana::size	primary_monitor_size();
 		static rectangle screen_area_from_point(const point&);
 		static window_result create_window(native_window_type, bool nested, const rectangle&, const appearance&);
 		static native_window_type create_child_window(native_window_type, const rectangle&);
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ namespace detail
 		static nana::point	window_position(native_window_type);
 		static void	move_window(native_window_type, int x, int y);
 		static void	move_window(native_window_type, const rectangle&);
-		static void bring_to_top(native_window_type);
+		static void bring_top(native_window_type, bool activated);
 		static void	set_window_z_order(native_window_type, native_window_type wd_after, z_order_action action_if_no_wd_after);

 		static void	window_size(native_window_type, const size&);
@@ -69,9 +70,9 @@ namespace detail
 		static nana::point	cursor_position();
 		static native_window_type get_owner_window(native_window_type);
 		//For Caret
-		static void	caret_create(native_window_type, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+		static void	caret_create(native_window_type, const ::nana::size&);
 		static void caret_destroy(native_window_type);
-		static void	caret_pos(native_window_type, int x, int y);
+		static void	caret_pos(native_window_type, const ::nana::point&);
 		static void caret_visible(native_window_type, bool);

 		static void	set_focus(native_window_type);
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/widget_colors.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/widget_colors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+*	Color Schemes
+*	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*
+*	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+*	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+*	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+*
+*	@file: nana/gui/widget_colors.hpp
+*	@description:
+*/
+#ifndef NANA_DETAIL_WIDGET_COLORS_HPP
+#define NANA_DETAIL_WIDGET_COLORS_HPP
+
+#include <nana/gui/basis.hpp>
+#include <memory>
+namespace nana
+{
+	class color_proxy
+	{
+	public:
+		color_proxy(const color_proxy&);
+		color_proxy(color_rgb);
+		color_proxy(colors);
+		color_proxy& operator=(const color_proxy&);
+		color_proxy& operator=(const ::nana::color&);
+		color_proxy& operator=(color_rgb);
+		color_proxy& operator=(colors);
+		color get_color() const;
+		operator color() const;
+	private:
+		std::shared_ptr<color> color_;
+	};//end namespace color_proxy
+
+	struct widget_colors
+	{
+		virtual ~widget_colors() = default;
+
+		color_proxy activated{ static_cast<color_rgb>(0x60C8FD) };
+		color_proxy background{colors::button_face};
+		color_proxy foreground{colors::black};
+	};
+}
+
+#endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ namespace detail
 		core_window_t* root(native_window_type) const;

 		//Copy the root buffer that wnd specified into DeviceContext
-		void map(core_window_t*);
+		void map(core_window_t*, bool forced);

 		bool update(core_window_t*, bool redraw, bool force);
 		void refresh_tree(core_window_t*);
--- a/include/nana/gui/element.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/element.hpp
@@ -30,19 +30,17 @@ namespace nana
 		class element_interface
 		{
 		public:
-			typedef paint::graphics & graph_reference;
+			using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;

-			virtual ~element_interface()
-			{}
-
-			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state) = 0;
+			virtual ~element_interface() = default;
+			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state) = 0;
 		};

 		class crook_interface
 		{
 		public:
-			typedef paint::graphics & graph_reference;
-			typedef checkstate	state;
+			using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;
+			using state = checkstate;

 			struct data
 			{
@@ -50,10 +48,25 @@ namespace nana
 				bool	radio;
 			};
 				
-			virtual ~crook_interface()
-			{}
+			virtual ~crook_interface() = default;
+			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state, const data&) = 0;
+		};

-			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state, const data&) = 0;
+		class border_interface
+		{
+		public:
+			using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;
+			
+			virtual ~border_interface() = default;
+			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle&, element_state, unsigned weight) = 0;
+		};
+
+		class arrow_interface
+		{
+		public:
+			using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;
+			virtual ~arrow_interface() = default;
+			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle&, element_state, direction) = 0;
 		};

 		class provider
@@ -87,16 +100,48 @@ namespace nana

 			void add_crook(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<crook_interface>>&);
 			crook_interface* const * keeper_crook(const std::string& name);
+
+			void add_border(const std::string&, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<border_interface>>&);
+			border_interface* const * keeper_border(const std::string&);
+
+			void add_arrow(const std::string&, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<arrow_interface>>&);
+			arrow_interface* const * keeper_arrow(const std::string&);
+
+			void add_button(const std::string&, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<element_interface>>&);
+			element_interface* const* keeper_button(const std::string&);
 		};

+		class crook;
 		template<typename UserElement>
 		void add_crook(const std::string& name)
 		{
-			typedef provider::factory<UserElement, crook_interface> factory_t;
+			using factory_t = provider::factory<UserElement, crook_interface>;
 			provider().add_crook(name, pat::cloneable<typename factory_t::interface_type>(factory_t()));
 		}

-		class crook;
+		class border;
+		template<typename BorderElement>
+		void add_border(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			using factory_t = provider::factory<BorderElement, border_interface>;
+			provider().add_border(name, pat::cloneable<typename factory_t::interface_type>(factory_t()));
+		}
+
+		class arrow;
+		template<typename ArrowElement>
+		void add_arrow(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			using factory_t = provider::factory<ArrowElement, arrow_interface>;
+			provider().add_arrow(name, pat::cloneable<typename factory_t::interface_type>(factory_t()));
+		}
+
+		class button;
+		template<typename ButtonElement>
+		void add_button(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			using factory_t = provider::factory<ButtonElement, element_interface>;
+			provider().add_button(name, pat::cloneable<typename factory_t::interface_type>(factory_t()));
+		}
 	}//end namespace element

 	template<typename Element> class facade;
@@ -106,11 +151,10 @@ namespace nana
 		: public element::element_interface
 	{
 	public:
-		typedef ::nana::paint::graphics & graph_reference;
-		typedef element::crook_interface::state state;
+		using graph_reference = ::nana::paint::graphics &;
+		using state = element::crook_interface::state;

-		facade();
-		facade(const char* name);
+		facade(const char* name = nullptr);

 		facade & reverse();
 		facade & check(state);
@@ -122,11 +166,65 @@ namespace nana
 		void switch_to(const char*);
 	public:
 		//Implement element_interface
-		bool draw(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state) override;
+		bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state) override;
 	private:
 		element::crook_interface::data data_;
 		element::crook_interface* const * keeper_;
-	};
+	}; //end class facade<element::crook>
+
+	template<>
+	class facade<element::border>
+		: public element::element_interface
+	{
+		using graph_reference = ::nana::paint::graphics &;
+	public:
+		facade(const char* name = nullptr);
+
+		void switch_to(const char*);
+	public:
+		//Implement element_interface
+		bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state) override;
+	private:
+		element::border_interface* const * keeper_;
+	};//end class facade<element::border>
+
+	template<>
+	class facade<element::arrow>
+		: public element::element_interface
+	{
+		using graph_reference = ::nana::paint::graphics &;
+	public:
+		enum class style
+		{
+			solid
+		};
+
+		facade(const char* name = nullptr);
+
+		void switch_to(const char*);
+		void direction(::nana::direction);
+	public:
+		//Implement element_interface
+		bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state) override;
+	private:
+		element::arrow_interface* const * keeper_;
+		::nana::direction dir_{::nana::direction::north};
+	};//end class facade<element::arrow>
+
+	template<>
+	class facade<element::button>
+		: public element::element_interface
+	{
+	public:
+		facade(const char* name = nullptr);
+		void switch_to(const char*);
+	public:
+		//Implement element_interface
+		bool draw(graph_reference, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle&, element_state) override;
+	private:
+		element::element_interface* const * keeper_;
+	};//end class facade<element::button>
+

 	namespace element
 	{
@@ -144,7 +242,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void set(const cloneable_element&);
 			void set(const char*);

-			bool draw(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state);
+			bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state);
 		private:
 			cloneable_element holder_;
 			element_interface * place_ptr_;
@@ -174,7 +272,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void stretch_parts(unsigned left, unsigned top, unsigned right, unsigned bottom);

 			//Implement the methods of element_interface.
-			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state);
+			virtual bool draw(graph_reference, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle&, element_state);
 		private:
 			struct draw_method;
 			struct draw_image;
--- a/include/nana/gui/msgbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/msgbox.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Message Box Class
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
-*	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -91,6 +91,141 @@ namespace nana
 		button_t button_;
 		icon_t icon_;
 	};
+
+	class inputbox
+	{
+		struct abstract_content
+		{
+			virtual ~abstract_content() = default;
+
+			virtual const ::nana::string& label() const = 0;
+			virtual window create(window, unsigned label_px) = 0;
+			virtual unsigned fixed_pixels() const = 0;
+		};
+	public:
+		class integer
+			: public abstract_content
+		{
+			struct implement;
+		public:
+			integer(::nana::string label, int init_value, int begin, int last, int step);
+			~integer();
+
+			int value() const;
+		private:
+			//Implementation of abstract_content
+			const ::nana::string& label() const override;
+			window create(window, unsigned label_px) override;
+			unsigned fixed_pixels() const override;
+		private:
+			std::unique_ptr<implement> impl_;
+		};
+
+		class real
+			: public abstract_content
+		{
+			struct implement;
+		public:
+			real(::nana::string label, double init_value, double begin, double last, double step);
+			~real();
+
+			double value() const;
+		private:
+			//Implementation of abstract_content
+			const ::nana::string& label() const override;
+			window create(window, unsigned label_px) override;
+			unsigned fixed_pixels() const override;
+		private:
+			std::unique_ptr<implement> impl_;
+		};
+
+		class text
+			: public abstract_content
+		{
+			struct implement;
+		public:
+			text(::nana::string label);
+			text(::nana::string label, std::vector<::nana::string>);
+
+			~text();
+
+			::nana::string value() const;
+		private:
+			//Implementation of abstract_content
+			const ::nana::string& label() const override;
+			window create(window, unsigned label_px) override;
+			unsigned fixed_pixels() const override;
+		private:
+			std::unique_ptr<implement> impl_;
+		};
+
+		class date
+			: public abstract_content
+		{
+			struct implement;
+		public:
+			date(::nana::string label);
+
+			~date();
+
+			::nana::string value() const;
+			int year() const;
+			int month() const;	//[1, 12]
+			int day() const;	//[1, 31]
+			unsigned fixed_pixels() const override;
+		private:
+			//Implementation of abstract_content
+			const ::nana::string& label() const override;
+			window create(window, unsigned label_px) override;
+		private:
+			std::unique_ptr<implement> impl_;
+		};
+
+		inputbox(window, ::nana::string description, ::nana::string title = ::nana::string());
+
+		template<typename ...Args>
+		bool show(Args&& ... args)
+		{
+			std::vector<abstract_content*> contents;
+			_m_fetch_args(contents, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			
+			if (contents.empty())
+				return false;
+
+			return _m_open(contents, false);
+		}
+
+		template<typename ...Args>
+		bool show_modal(Args&& ... args)
+		{
+			std::vector<abstract_content*> contents;
+			_m_fetch_args(contents, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+			if (contents.empty())
+				return false;
+
+			return _m_open(contents, true);
+		}
+
+		/// Sets a verifier to verify the user input.
+		void verify(std::function<bool(window)> verifier);
+	private:
+		void _m_fetch_args(std::vector<abstract_content*>&);
+
+		template<typename ...Args>
+		void _m_fetch_args(std::vector<abstract_content*>& contents, abstract_content& content, Args&&... args)
+		{
+			contents.push_back(&content);
+			_m_fetch_args(contents, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		bool _m_open(std::vector<abstract_content*>&, bool modal);
+	private:
+		window owner_;
+		::nana::string description_;
+		::nana::string title_;
+		std::function<bool(window)> verifier_;
+	};
 }//end namespace nana

 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/notifier.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/notifier.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Definition of Notifier
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ namespace nana
 	class notifier;

 	struct arg_notifier
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		event_code	evt_code;
 		notifier*	notifier_ptr;
--- a/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Nana GUI Programming Interface Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #ifndef NANA_GUI_PROGRAMMING_INTERFACE_HPP
 #define NANA_GUI_PROGRAMMING_INTERFACE_HPP
 #include <nana/config.hpp>
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include "detail/bedrock.hpp"
 #include "effects.hpp"
 #include "detail/general_events.hpp"
 #include <nana/paint/image.hpp>
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ namespace nana
 	class drawer_trigger;
 	class widget;

+	namespace dev
+	{
+		/// Traits for widget classes
+		template<typename Widget>
+		struct widget_traits
+		{
+			using event_type = ::nana::general_events;
+			using scheme_type = ::nana::widget_colors;
+		};
+	}
+
 namespace API
 {
 	void effects_edge_nimbus(window, effects::edge_nimbus);
@@ -45,6 +56,16 @@ namespace API
 		}

 		bool set_events(window, const std::shared_ptr<general_events>&);
+		
+		template<typename Scheme>
+		std::unique_ptr<Scheme> make_scheme()
+		{
+			return std::unique_ptr<Scheme>(
+				static_cast<Scheme*>(::nana::detail::bedrock::instance().make_scheme(::nana::detail::scheme_factory<Scheme>()).release()));
+		}
+
+		void set_scheme(window, widget_colors*);
+		widget_colors* get_scheme(window);

 		void attach_drawer(widget&, drawer_trigger&);
 		nana::string window_caption(window);
@@ -70,8 +91,6 @@ namespace API
 	bool register_shortkey(window, unsigned long);
 	void unregister_shortkey(window);

-	nana::size	screen_size();
-	rectangle	screen_area_from_point(const point&);
 	nana::point	cursor_position();
 	rectangle make_center(unsigned width, unsigned height);           ///< Retrieves a rectangle which is in the center of the screen.
 	rectangle make_center(window, unsigned width, unsigned height);   ///< Retrieves a rectangle which is in the center of the window
@@ -100,7 +119,8 @@ namespace API

 	void window_icon_default(const paint::image&);
 	void window_icon(window, const paint::image&);
-	bool empty_window(window);                            ///< Determines whether a window is existing.
+	bool empty_window(window);		///< Determines whether a window is existing.
+	bool is_window(window);			///< Determines whether a window is existing, equal to !empty_window.
 	void enable_dropfiles(window, bool);

    /// \brief Retrieves the native window of a Nana.GUI window.
@@ -127,16 +147,16 @@ namespace API
 	bool	set_parent_window(window, window new_parent);

 	template<typename Widget=::nana::widget>
-	typename ::nana::dev::event_mapping<Widget>::type & events(window wd)
+	typename ::nana::dev::widget_traits<Widget>::event_type & events(window wd)
 	{
-		typedef typename ::nana::dev::event_mapping<Widget>::type event_type;
+		using event_type = typename ::nana::dev::widget_traits<Widget>::event_type;

 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		auto * general_evt = detail::get_general_events(wd);
 		if (nullptr == general_evt)
 			throw std::invalid_argument("API::events(): bad parameter window handle, no events object or invalid window handle.");

-		if (std::is_same<decltype(*general_evt), event_type>::value)
+		if (std::is_same<::nana::general_events, event_type>::value)
 			return *static_cast<event_type*>(general_evt);

 		auto * widget_evt = dynamic_cast<event_type*>(general_evt);
@@ -145,7 +165,7 @@ namespace API
 		return *widget_evt;
 	}

-	template<typename EventArg, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of< ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface, EventArg>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+	template<typename EventArg, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of< ::nana::event_arg, EventArg>::value>::type* = nullptr>
 	bool emit_event(event_code evt_code, window wd, const EventArg& arg)
 	{
 		auto & brock = ::nana::detail::bedrock::instance();
@@ -154,13 +174,35 @@ namespace API

 	void umake_event(event_handle);

+	template<typename Widget = ::nana::widget>
+	typename ::nana::dev::widget_traits<Widget>::scheme_type & scheme(window wd)
+	{
+		using scheme_type = typename ::nana::dev::widget_traits<Widget>::scheme_type;
+
+		internal_scope_guard lock;
+		auto * wdg_colors = dev::get_scheme(wd);
+		if (nullptr == wdg_colors)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("API::scheme(): bad parameter window handle, no events object or invalid window handle.");
+
+		if (std::is_same<::nana::widget_colors, scheme_type>::value)
+			return *static_cast<scheme_type*>(wdg_colors);
+
+		auto * comp_wdg_colors = dynamic_cast<scheme_type*>(wdg_colors);
+		if (nullptr == comp_wdg_colors)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("API::scheme(): bad template parameter Widget, the widget type and window handle do not match.");
+		return *comp_wdg_colors;
+	}
+
 	nana::point window_position(window);
 	void move_window(window, int x, int y);
 	void move_window(window wd, const rectangle&);

-	void bring_to_top(window);
+	void bring_top(window, bool activated);
 	bool set_window_z_order(window wd, window wd_after, z_order_action action_if_no_wd_after);

+	void draw_through(window, std::function<void()>);
+	void map_through_widgets(window, native_drawable_type);
+
 	nana::size window_size(window);
 	void window_size(window, const size&);
 	bool window_rectangle(window, rectangle&);
@@ -185,6 +227,7 @@ namespace API
 	void refresh_window_tree(window);      ///< Refreshs the specified window and all it<69>s children windows, then display it immediately
 	void update_window(window);            ///< Copies the off-screen buffer to the screen for immediate display.

+	void window_caption(window, const std::string& title_utf8);
 	void window_caption(window, const nana::string& title);
 	nana::string window_caption(window);

@@ -201,17 +244,18 @@ namespace API
 	void	capture_ignore_children(bool ignore); ///< Enables or disables the captured window whether redirects the mouse input to its children if the mouse is over its children.
 	void modal_window(window);                    ///< Blocks the routine til the specified window is closed.
 	void wait_for(window);
-	color_t foreground(window);
-	color_t foreground(window, color_t);
-	color_t background(window);
-	color_t background(window, color_t);
-	color_t	active(window);
-	color_t	active(window, color_t);
+
+	color fgcolor(window);
+	color fgcolor(window, const color&);
+	color bgcolor(window);
+	color bgcolor(window, const color&);
+	color activated_color(window);
+	color activated_color(window, const color&);

 	void create_caret(window, unsigned width, unsigned height);
 	void destroy_caret(window);
 	void caret_effective_range(window, const rectangle&);
-	void caret_pos(window, int x, int y);
+	void caret_pos(window, const ::nana::point&);
 	nana::point caret_pos(window);
 	nana::size caret_size(window);
 	void caret_size(window, const size&);
--- a/include/nana/gui/screen.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/screen.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+*	Screen Informations
+*	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*
+*	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+*	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+*	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+*
+*	@file: nana/gui/screen.hpp
+*/
+
+#ifndef NANA_GUI_SCREEN_HPP
+#define NANA_GUI_SCREEN_HPP
+#include "basis.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	/// The monitor display metrics
+	class display
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual ~display() = default;
+
+		/// The index of monitor.
+		virtual std::size_t get_index() const = 0;
+
+		/// Returns the positional coordinates and size of the display device in reference to the desktop area
+		virtual const ::nana::rectangle& area() const = 0;
+	};
+
+	class screen
+	{
+	public:
+		static ::nana::size desktop_size();
+		static ::nana::size primary_monitor_size();
+		static std::shared_ptr<display>	from_point(const point&);
+		static std::shared_ptr<display> from_window(window);
+
+		/// Returns the number of display monitors
+		std::size_t count() const;
+
+		std::shared_ptr<display> get_display(std::size_t index) const;
+		std::shared_ptr<display> get_primary() const;
+
+		void for_each(std::function<void(display&)>) const;
+	};
+}//end namespace nana
+
+#endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/timer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/timer.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 *	A Timer Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace nana
       /// Can repeatedly call a piece of code.

 	struct arg_elapse
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		long long id;	//timer identifier;
 	};
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/button.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/button.hpp
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ namespace nana{
 				void _m_draw_background(graph_reference);
 				void _m_draw_border(graph_reference);
 			private:
-				widget* widget_;
-				paint::graphics* graph_;
+				widget* wdg_{nullptr};
+				paint::graphics* graph_{nullptr};

-				element::cite_bground cite_;
+				element::cite_bground cite_{"button"};

 				struct attr_tag
 				{
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ namespace nana{
 					bool enable_pushed;
 					bool focus_color;
 					paint::image * icon;
-					color_t bgcolor;
-					color_t fgcolor;
+					::nana::color bgcolor;
+					::nana::color fgcolor;
 				}attr_;
 			};
 		}//end namespace button
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/categorize.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/categorize.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Categorize Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace nana

 	template<typename ValueType>
 	struct arg_categorize
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		categorize<ValueType> & widget;
 		ValueType & value;
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ namespace nana

 		categorize(window wd, const rectangle& r = rectangle(), bool visible = true)
 		{
-			this->get_drawer_trigger().template create_event_agent(*this);
+			this->get_drawer_trigger().create_event_agent(*this);
 			this->create(wd, r, visible);
 		}

--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/checkbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/checkbox.hpp
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ namespace drawerbase
 		private:
 			static const int interval = 4;
 			widget* widget_;
-			unsigned state_;
 			std::unique_ptr<implement> imptr_;
 			implement * impl_;
 		};
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/combox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/combox.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Combox Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WIDGETS_COMBOX_HPP
 #include "widget.hpp"
 #include "float_listbox.hpp"
+#include "skeletons/text_editor_scheme.hpp"
 #include <nana/key_type.hpp>
 #include <nana/concepts.hpp>
 #include <functional>
@@ -21,15 +22,13 @@
 namespace nana
 {
 	/// A list box combined with a textbox - the list box should drop down when the user selects the arrow next to the control
-    class combox;
+	class combox;

 	struct arg_combox
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		combox & widget;
-
-		arg_combox(combox& wdg)
-			: widget(wdg)
-		{}
+		arg_combox(combox&);
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -39,7 +38,8 @@ namespace nana
 			struct combox_events
 				: public general_events
 			{
-				basic_event<arg_combox> selected;
+				basic_event<arg_combox>	selected;
+				basic_event<arg_combox> text_changed;
 			};

 			class drawer_impl;
@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ namespace nana
 				trigger();
 				~trigger();

-				void set_accept(std::function<bool(nana::char_t)>&&);
-
 				drawer_impl& get_drawer_impl();
 				const drawer_impl& get_drawer_impl() const;
 			private:
@@ -69,7 +67,6 @@ namespace nana
 				void key_press(graph_reference, const arg_keyboard&)	override;
 				void key_char(graph_reference, const arg_keyboard&)	override;
 			private:
-				std::function<bool(nana::char_t)> pred_acceptive_;
 				drawer_impl * drawer_;
 			};

@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ namespace nana
 	}//end namespace drawerbase

 	class combox
-		:	public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::combox::trigger, drawerbase::combox::combox_events>,
+		:	public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::combox::trigger, drawerbase::combox::combox_events, ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme>,
 			public nana::concepts::any_objective<std::size_t, 1>
 	{
 	public:
@@ -169,15 +166,15 @@ namespace nana

 		combox();
 		combox(window, bool visible);
-		combox(window, const nana::string& text, bool visible = true);
-		combox(window, const nana::char_t* text, bool visible = true);
+		combox(window, nana::string, bool visible = true);
+		combox(window, const nana::char_t*, bool visible = true);
 		combox(window, const rectangle& r = rectangle(), bool visible = true);
 		
 		void clear();
 		void editable(bool);
 		bool editable() const;
 		void set_accept(std::function<bool(nana::char_t)>);
-		combox& push_back(const nana::string&);
+		combox& push_back(nana::string);
 		std::size_t the_number_of_options() const;
 		std::size_t option() const;   ///< Index of the last selected, from drop-down list, item.
 		void option(std::size_t);   ///< Select the text specified by index
@@ -223,11 +220,23 @@ namespace nana
 	private:
 		item_proxy _m_at_key(std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface>&&);
 		void _m_erase(nana::detail::key_interface*);
+		drawerbase::combox::drawer_impl & _m_impl();
+		const drawerbase::combox::drawer_impl& _m_impl() const;
 	private:
 		//Overrides widget's virtual functions
 		nana::string _m_caption() const override;
 		void _m_caption(nana::string&&) override;
 		nana::any * _m_anyobj(std::size_t pos, bool alloc_if_empty) const override;
 	};
+
+	namespace dev
+	{
+		template<>
+		struct widget_traits<combox>
+		{
+			using event_type = drawerbase::combox::combox_events;
+			using scheme_type = ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme;
+		};
+	}
 }
 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/date_chooser.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/date_chooser.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A date chooser Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ namespace nana
 				bool chose() const;
 				nana::date read() const;
 				void week_name(unsigned index, const nana::string&);
-				void month_name(unsigned index, const nana::string&);
 			private:
-				void _m_init_color();
-				where _m_pos_where(graph_reference, int x, int y);
+				where _m_pos_where(graph_reference, const ::nana::point& pos);
 				void _m_draw(graph_reference);
 				void _m_draw_topbar(graph_reference);
 				void _m_make_drawing_basis(drawing_basis&, graph_reference, const nana::point& refpos);
@@ -58,14 +56,13 @@ namespace nana
 				bool _m_get_trace(point, int & res);
 				void _m_perf_transform(transform_action tfid, graph_reference,  graph_reference dirtybuf, graph_reference newbuf, const nana::point& refpos);
 			private:
-				void refresh(graph_reference);
+				void refresh(graph_reference) override;
 				void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference)	override;
 				void mouse_move(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
 				void mouse_leave(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
 				void mouse_up(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
 			private:
 				nana::string weekstr_[7];
-				nana::string monthstr_[12];

 				widget * widget_;
 				
@@ -91,10 +88,10 @@ namespace nana

 				struct color_tag
 				{
-					nana::color_t highlight;
-					nana::color_t selected;
-					nana::color_t normal;
-					nana::color_t bkcolor;
+					::nana::color highlight;
+					::nana::color selected;
+					::nana::color normal;
+					::nana::color bgcolor;
 				}color_;
 			};
 		
@@ -116,7 +113,6 @@ namespace nana
 		bool chose() const;
 		nana::date read() const;
 		void weekstr(unsigned index, const nana::string&);///<Set the week strings which will be displayed for day, index is in range of [0, 6]
-		void monthstr(unsigned index, const nana::string&);///<Set the month strings which will be displayed for month. index is in range of [0, 11]
 	};
 }//end namespace nana

--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/float_listbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/float_listbox.hpp
@@ -37,11 +37,9 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				std::vector<std::shared_ptr<item_interface>> items;

-				std::size_t max_items;			// the number of items display.
-				mutable std::size_t index;		// the result of the selection.
+				std::size_t max_items{10};			// the number of items display.
+				mutable std::size_t index{::nana::npos};		// the result of the selection.
 				mutable bool have_selected;
-
-				module_def();
 			};

 			class item_renderer
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ namespace nana
 				typedef paint::graphics& graph_reference;
 				enum state_t{StateNone, StateHighlighted};

-				virtual ~item_renderer() = 0;
+				virtual ~item_renderer() = default;
 				virtual void image(bool enabled, unsigned pixels) = 0;
 				virtual void render(widget_reference, graph_reference, const nana::rectangle&, const item_interface*, state_t) = 0;
 				virtual unsigned item_pixels(graph_reference) const = 0;
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/form.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/form.hpp
@@ -24,12 +24,10 @@ namespace nana
 			class trigger: public drawer_trigger
 			{
 			public:
-				trigger();
 				void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference)	override;
 				void refresh(graph_reference)	override;
-				void resized(graph_reference, const arg_resized&) override;
 			private:
-				widget*	wd_;
+				widget*	wd_{nullptr};
 			};
 		}//end namespace form
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
@@ -47,6 +45,9 @@ namespace nana
 		form(window, const ::nana::size& = { 300, 200 }, const appearance& = {});
        /// Creates a window at the point and size specified by rect, with the specified appearance. This window is always floating above its owner.
 		form(window, const rectangle&, const appearance& = {});
+
+		void modality() const;
+		void wait_for_this();
 	};

 	class nested_form : public widget_object<category::root_tag, drawerbase::form::trigger, detail::events_root_extension>
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ namespace nana
 		/// "corrected" size that changes lines to fit the text into the specified width
 		nana::size measure(unsigned allowed_width_in_pixel) const;

+		static ::nana::size measure(::nana::paint::graphics&, const ::nana::string&, unsigned allowed_width_in_pixel, bool format_enabled, align h_align, align_v v_align);
+
 		label& text_align(align horizontal_align, align_v vertical_align= align_v::top);
 	private:
 		//Overrides widget's virtual function
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/listbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/listbox.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A List Box Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				struct format
 				{
-					::nana::color_t bgcolor;
-					::nana::color_t fgcolor;
+					::nana::color bgcolor;
+					::nana::color fgcolor;

-					format(color_t bgcolor = 0xFF000000, color_t fgcolor = 0xFF000000);
+					format() = default;
+					format(const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor);
 				};

 				using format_ptr = std::unique_ptr < format > ;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace nana
 				cell(cell&&);
 				cell(nana::string);
 				cell(nana::string, const format&);
-				cell(nana::string, color_t bgcolor, color_t fgcolor);
+				cell(nana::string, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor);

 				cell& operator=(const cell&);
 				cell& operator=(cell&&);
@@ -212,11 +213,11 @@ namespace nana
 				item_proxy & select(bool);
 				bool selected() const;

-				item_proxy & bgcolor(nana::color_t);
-				nana::color_t bgcolor() const;
+				item_proxy & bgcolor(const nana::color&);
+				nana::color bgcolor() const;

-				item_proxy& fgcolor(nana::color_t);
-				nana::color_t fgcolor() const;
+				item_proxy& fgcolor(const nana::color&);
+				nana::color fgcolor() const;

 				index_pair pos() const;

@@ -415,9 +416,12 @@ namespace nana
 	}//end namespace drawerbase

 	struct arg_listbox
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		mutable drawerbase::listbox::item_proxy item;
 		bool	selected;
+
+		arg_listbox(const drawerbase::listbox::item_proxy&, bool selected);
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -430,6 +434,15 @@ namespace nana
 				basic_event<arg_listbox> checked;
 				basic_event<arg_listbox> selected;
 			};
+
+			struct scheme
+				: public widget_colors
+			{
+				color_proxy header_bgcolor{static_cast<color_rgb>(0xf1f2f4)};
+				color_proxy header_grabbed{ static_cast<color_rgb>(0x8BD6F6)};
+				color_proxy header_floated{ static_cast<color_rgb>(0xBABBBC)};
+				color_proxy item_selected{ static_cast<color_rgb>(0xD5EFFC) };
+			};
 		}
 	}//end namespace drawerbase

@@ -441,7 +454,7 @@ The user can \a drag the header to \a reisize it or to \a reorganize it.
 By \a clicking on a header the list get \a reordered, first up, and then down alternatively,
 */
 	class listbox
-		:	public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::listbox::trigger, drawerbase::listbox::listbox_events>,
+		:	public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::listbox::trigger, drawerbase::listbox::listbox_events, drawerbase::listbox::scheme>,
 			public concepts::any_objective<drawerbase::listbox::size_type, 2>
 	{
 	public:
@@ -471,8 +484,8 @@ By \a clicking on a header the list get \a reordered, first up, and then down al
 		template<typename Key>
 		cat_proxy operator[](const Key & ck)
 		{
-			typedef typename nana::detail::type_escape<Key>::type key_t;
-			std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface> p(new nana::key<key_t, std::less<key_t>>(ck), [](nana::detail::key_interface* p)
+			using catkey = typename ::nana::detail::type_escape<Key>::type;
+			std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface> p(new nana::key<catkey, std::less<catkey>>(ck), [](nana::detail::key_interface* p)
 			{
 				delete p;
 			});
@@ -483,8 +496,8 @@ By \a clicking on a header the list get \a reordered, first up, and then down al
 		template<typename Key>
 		cat_proxy operator[](Key && ck)
 		{
-			typedef typename nana::detail::type_escape<Key>::type key_t;
-			std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface> p(new nana::key<key_t, std::less<key_t>>(std::move(ck)), [](nana::detail::key_interface* p)
+			using catkey = typename ::nana::detail::type_escape<Key>::type;
+			std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface> p(new nana::key<catkey, std::less<catkey>>(std::move(ck)), [](nana::detail::key_interface* p)
 			{
 				delete p;
 			});
@@ -539,6 +552,9 @@ By \a clicking on a header the list get \a reordered, first up, and then down al
 		size_type size_categ() const;                   ///<Get the number of categories
 		size_type size_item() const;                    ///<The number of items in the default category
 		size_type size_item(size_type cat) const;          ///<The number of items in category "cat"
+
+		void enable_single(bool for_selection, bool category_limited);
+		void disable_single(bool for_selection);
 	private:
 		drawerbase::listbox::essence_t & _m_ess() const;
 		nana::any* _m_anyobj(size_type cat, size_type index, bool allocate_if_empty) const;
@@ -546,5 +562,15 @@ By \a clicking on a header the list get \a reordered, first up, and then down al
 		drawerbase::listbox::category_t* _m_at_key(std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface>);
 		void _m_ease_key(nana::detail::key_interface*);
 	};
+
+	namespace dev
+	{
+		template<>
+		struct widget_traits<listbox>
+		{
+			using event_type = drawerbase::listbox::listbox_events;
+			using scheme_type = drawerbase::listbox::scheme;
+		};
+	}
 }//end namespace nana
 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/menu.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/menu.hpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace nana
 					checks check_style;
 				};

-				virtual ~renderer_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~renderer_interface() = default;

 				virtual void background(graph_reference, window) = 0;
 				virtual void item(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle&, const attr&) = 0;
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/panel.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/panel.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Panel Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanaro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -25,13 +25,10 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			class drawer: public drawer_trigger
 			{
-			public:
-				drawer();
-			private:
 				void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference)	override;
 				void refresh(graph_reference)	override;
 			private:
-				window window_;
+				window window_{nullptr};
 			};
 		}// end namespace panel
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/picture.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/picture.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Picture Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference)	override;
 			void load(const nana::char_t* file);
 			void load(const nana::paint::image&);
-			void set_shadow_background(unsigned begin_color, unsigned end_color, bool horizontal);
+			void set_shadow_background(const ::nana::color& from, const ::nana::color& to, bool horizontal);
 			bool bgstyle(bool is_stretch, nana::arrange, int beg, int end);
 		private:
 			void refresh(graph_reference)	override;
@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ namespace nana
 			widget* widget_;
 			nana::paint::graphics* graph_;

-			struct	runtime_type
+			struct
 			{
-				runtime_type();
-				unsigned background_shadow_start;
-				unsigned background_shadow_end;
+				::nana::color gradual_from;
+				::nana::color gradual_to;
 				bool	horizontal;
-			}runtime_;
+			}bground_;

 			struct back_image_tag
 			{
@@ -72,8 +71,8 @@ namespace nana
                      int end             ///< specify the stretchy area of image.
                      );

-        /// Fills a gradual change color in background.
-		void set_shadow_background(unsigned begin_color, unsigned end_color, bool horizontal);
+        /// Fills a gradual-change color in background. If One of colors is invisible or clr_from is equal to clr_to, it draws background in bgcolor.
+		void set_gradual_background(const ::nana::color& clr_from, const ::nana::color& clr_to, bool horizontal);
 		void transparent(bool);
 		bool transparent() const;
 	};
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/progress.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/progress.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Progress Indicator Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ namespace nana
 			class trigger: public drawer_trigger
 			{
 			public:
-				trigger();
 				unsigned value() const;
 				unsigned value(unsigned);
 				unsigned inc();
@@ -41,13 +40,14 @@ namespace nana
 				bool _m_check_changing(unsigned) const;
 			private:
 				static const unsigned border = 2;
-				widget * widget_;
-				nana::paint::graphics* graph_;
-				unsigned draw_width_;
-				bool has_value_;
-				bool unknown_;
-				unsigned max_;
-				unsigned value_;
+
+				widget * widget_{nullptr};
+				nana::paint::graphics* graph_{nullptr};
+				unsigned draw_width_{static_cast<unsigned>(-1)};
+				//bool has_value_{true};	//deprecated
+				bool unknown_{false};
+				unsigned max_{100};
+				unsigned value_{0};
 			}; //end class drawer
 		}
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/scroll.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/scroll.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Scroll Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -22,8 +22,13 @@ namespace nana

 	template<bool Vert>
 	struct arg_scroll
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		scroll<Vert> & widget;
+
+		arg_scroll(scroll<Vert> & wdg)
+			: widget(wdg)
+		{}
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -81,9 +86,9 @@ namespace nana
 				bool _m_check() const;
 				void _m_adjust_scroll(graph_reference);
 				void _m_background(graph_reference);
-				void _m_button_frame(graph_reference, int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, int state);
+				void _m_button_frame(graph_reference, ::nana::rectangle, int state);
 				void _m_draw_scroll(graph_reference, int state);
-				void _m_draw_button(graph_reference, int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, buttons what, int state);
+				void _m_draw_button(graph_reference, ::nana::rectangle, buttons what, int state);
 			private:
 				metrics_type &metrics_;
 				bool	vertical_;
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ namespace nana
 					return false;
 				}
 			private:
-				void attached(widget_reference widget, graph_reference graph)
+				void attached(widget_reference widget, graph_reference graph) override
 				{
 					graph_ = &graph;
 					widget_ = static_cast< ::nana::scroll<Vertical>*>(&widget);
@@ -190,12 +195,12 @@ namespace nana
 					timer_.elapse(std::bind(&trigger::_m_tick, this));
 				}

-				void detached()
+				void detached() override
 				{
 					graph_ = nullptr;
 				}

-				void refresh(graph_reference graph)
+				void refresh(graph_reference graph) override
 				{
 					drawer_.draw(graph, metrics_.what);
 				}
@@ -213,7 +218,7 @@ namespace nana
 					API::lazy_refresh();
 				}

-				void mouse_move(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::arg_mouse& arg)
+				void mouse_move(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::arg_mouse& arg) override
 				{
 					bool redraw = false;
 					if(metrics_.pressed && (metrics_.what == buttons::scroll))
@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}

-				void mouse_down(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg)
+				void mouse_down(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg) override
 				{
 					if(arg.left_button)
 					{
@@ -275,7 +280,7 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}

-				void mouse_up(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg)
+				void mouse_up(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg) override
 				{
 					timer_.stop();

@@ -287,7 +292,7 @@ namespace nana
 					API::lazy_refresh();
 				}

-				void mouse_leave(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse&)
+				void mouse_leave(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse&) override
 				{
 					if(metrics_.pressed) return;

@@ -296,7 +301,7 @@ namespace nana
 					API::lazy_refresh();
 				}

-				void mouse_wheel(graph_reference graph, const arg_wheel& arg)
+				void mouse_wheel(graph_reference graph, const arg_wheel& arg) override
 				{
 					if(make_step(arg.upwards == false, 3))
 					{
@@ -307,7 +312,7 @@ namespace nana
 			private:
 				void _m_emit_value_changed()
 				{
-					widget_->events().value_changed.emit(::nana::arg_scroll<Vertical>({*widget_}));
+					widget_->events().value_changed.emit(::nana::arg_scroll<Vertical>(*widget_));
 				}

 				void _m_tick()
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A text editor implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 #ifndef NANA_GUI_SKELETONS_TEXT_EDITOR_HPP
 #define NANA_GUI_SKELETONS_TEXT_EDITOR_HPP
 #include "textbase.hpp"
+#include "text_editor_scheme.hpp"
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/scroll.hpp>
 #include <nana/unicode_bidi.hpp>
-#include <memory>

 namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 {
@@ -127,22 +127,37 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			class undo_backspace;
 			class undo_input_text;
 			class undo_move_text;
-		public:
-			typedef nana::char_t	char_type;
-			typedef textbase<char_type>::size_type size_type;
-			typedef textbase<char_type>::string_type string_type;

-			typedef nana::paint::graphics & graph_reference;
+			struct keywords;
+			class keyword_parser;
+		public:
+			using char_type = ::nana::char_t;
+			using size_type = textbase<char_type>::size_type;
+			using string_type = textbase<char_type>::string_type;
+
+			using graph_reference = ::nana::paint::graphics&;

 			struct ext_renderer_tag
 			{
-				std::function<void(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle& text_area, nana::color_t)> background;
+				std::function<void(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle& text_area, const ::nana::color&)> background;
 			};

-			text_editor(window, graph_reference);
+			enum class accepts
+			{
+				no_restrict, integer, real
+			};
+
+			text_editor(window, graph_reference, const text_editor_scheme*);
 			~text_editor();

-			bool respone_keyboard(nana::char_t, bool enterable);
+			void set_highlight(const std::string& name, const ::nana::color&, const ::nana::color&);
+			void erase_highlight(const std::string& name);
+			void set_keyword(const ::nana::string& kw, const std::string& name, bool case_sensitive, bool whole_word_matched);
+			void erase_keyword(const ::nana::string& kw);
+
+			void set_accept(std::function<bool(char_type)>);
+			void set_accept(accepts);
+			bool respone_keyboard(char_type);

 			void typeface_changed();

@@ -151,12 +166,12 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			/// Set the text_editor whether it is line wrapped, it returns false if the state is not changed.
 			bool line_wrapped(bool);

-			void border_renderer(std::function<void(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor)>);
+			void border_renderer(std::function<void(graph_reference, const ::nana::color& bgcolor)>);

 			bool load(const nana::char_t*);

-			//text_area
-			//@return: Returns true if the area of text is changed.
+			/// Sets the text area.
+			/// @return true if the area is changed with the new value.
 			bool text_area(const nana::rectangle&);
 			bool tip_string(nana::string&&);

@@ -180,8 +195,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			void text(nana::string);
 			nana::string text() const;

-			//move_caret
-			//@brief: Set caret position through text coordinate
+			/// Sets caret position through text coordinate.
 			void move_caret(const upoint&);
 			void move_caret_end();
 			void reset_caret_height() const;
@@ -190,7 +204,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets

 			bool selected() const;
 			bool select(bool);
-			//Set the end position of a selected string
+			/// Sets the end position of a selected string.
 			void set_end_caret();
 			bool hit_text_area(const point&) const;
 			bool hit_select_area(nana::upoint pos) const;
@@ -199,6 +213,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets

 			/// Returns width of text area excluding the vscroll size.
 			unsigned width_pixels() const;
+			window window_handle() const;
 		public:
 			void draw_scroll_rectangle();
 			void render(bool focused);
@@ -227,46 +242,43 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			skeletons::textbase<nana::char_t>& textbase();
 			const skeletons::textbase<nana::char_t>& textbase() const;
 		private:
-			nana::color_t _m_bgcolor() const;
+			bool _m_accepts(char_type) const;
+			::nana::color _m_bgcolor() const;
 			bool _m_scroll_text(bool vertical);
 			void _m_on_scroll(const arg_mouse&);
 			void _m_scrollbar();
-			nana::size _m_text_area() const;
+			::nana::size _m_text_area() const;
 			void _m_get_scrollbar_size();
 			void _m_reset();
-			nana::upoint _m_put(nana::string);
-			nana::upoint _m_erase_select();
+			::nana::upoint _m_put(nana::string);
+			::nana::upoint _m_erase_select();

 			bool _m_make_select_string(nana::string&) const;
 			static bool _m_resolve_text(const nana::string&, std::vector<std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t>> & lines);

 			bool _m_cancel_select(int align);
 			unsigned _m_tabs_pixels(size_type tabs) const;
-			nana::size _m_text_extent_size(const char_type*) const;
 			nana::size _m_text_extent_size(const char_type*, size_type n) const;

-			//_m_move_offset_x_while_over_border
-			//@brief: Moves the view window
+			/// Moves the view of window.
 			bool _m_move_offset_x_while_over_border(int many);
 			bool _m_move_select(bool record_undo);

 			int _m_text_top_base() const;
-			//_m_endx
-			//@brief: Gets the right point of text area
+
+			/// Returns the right point of text area.
 			int _m_endx() const;
-			//_m_endy
-			//@brief: Get the bottom point of text area
+			/// Returns the bottom point of text area.
 			int _m_endy() const;

-			void _m_draw_tip_string() const;
-
+			void _m_draw_parse_string(const keyword_parser&, bool rtl, ::nana::point pos, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::char_t*, std::size_t len) const;
 			//_m_draw_string
 			//@brief: Draw a line of string
-			void _m_draw_string(int top, nana::color_t color, const nana::upoint& str_pos, const nana::string&, bool if_mask) const;
-			//_m_draw
-			//@brief: Draw a character at a position specified by caret pos. 
-			//@return: true if beyond the border
-			bool _m_draw(nana::char_t, std::size_t secondary_before);
+			void _m_draw_string(int top, const ::nana::color&, const nana::upoint& str_pos, const nana::string&, bool if_mask) const;
+			//_m_update_caret_line
+			//@brief: redraw whole line specified by caret pos. 
+			//@return: true if caret overs the border
+			bool _m_update_caret_line(std::size_t secondary_before);
 			bool _m_get_sort_select_points(nana::upoint&, nana::upoint&) const;

 			void _m_offset_y(int y);
@@ -279,6 +291,9 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			undoable<command>	undo_;
 			nana::window window_;
 			graph_reference graph_;
+			const text_editor_scheme* scheme_;
+			std::unique_ptr<keywords> keywords_;
+
 			skeletons::textbase<nana::char_t> textbase_;
 			nana::char_t mask_char_{0};

@@ -286,6 +301,9 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets

 			struct attributes
 			{
+				accepts acceptive{ accepts::no_restrict };
+				std::function<bool(char_type)> pred_acceptive;
+
 				nana::string tip_string;

 				bool line_wrapped{false};
@@ -308,7 +326,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 				unsigned	scroll_pixels;
 				unsigned	vscroll;
 				unsigned	hscroll;
-				std::function<void(nana::paint::graphics&, nana::color_t)> border_renderer;
+				std::function<void(nana::paint::graphics&, const ::nana::color&)> border_renderer;
 			}text_area_;

 			struct selection
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor_scheme.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor_scheme.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+#ifndef NANA_WIDGETS_SKELETONS_TEXT_EDITOR_SCHEME_HPP
+#define NANA_WIDGETS_SKELETONS_TEXT_EDITOR_SCHEME_HPP
+
+#include "../../detail/widget_colors.hpp"
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	namespace widgets
+	{
+		namespace skeletons
+		{
+			struct text_editor_scheme
+				: public ::nana::widget_colors
+			{
+				color_proxy selection{static_cast<color_rgb>(0x3399FF)};
+				color_proxy selection_text{colors::white};
+			};
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_token_stream.hpp
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 		tokenizer(const nana::string& s, bool format_enabled)
 			:	iptr_(s.data()),
 				endptr_(s.data() + s.size()),
-				format_enabled_(format_enabled),
-				format_state_(false),
-				revert_token_(token::eof)
+				format_enabled_(format_enabled)
 		{
 		}

@@ -414,17 +412,14 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 			}
 		}
 	private:
-		const nana::char_t * iptr_;
-		const nana::char_t * endptr_;
+		const ::nana::char_t * iptr_;
+		const ::nana::char_t * endptr_;
 		const bool	format_enabled_;
-		bool	format_state_;
+		bool	format_state_{false};

-		nana::string idstr_;
+		::nana::string idstr_;
 		std::pair<nana::string, nana::string> binary_;
-
-		std::size_t	whspace_size_;
-
-		token revert_token_;
+		token revert_token_{token::eof};
 	};

 	//The fblock states a format, and a format from which it is inherted
@@ -439,16 +434,16 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 			};
 		};

-		nana::string	font;
+		::nana::string	font;
 		std::size_t		font_size;
 		bool	bold;
 		bool	bold_empty;	//bold should be ignored if bold_empty is true
 		aligns::t	text_align;
-		nana::color_t	bgcolor;	//If the color is not specified, it will be ignored, and the system will search for its parent.
-		nana::color_t	fgcolor;	//ditto
+		::nana::color	bgcolor;	//If the color is not specified, it will be ignored, and the system will search for its parent.
+		::nana::color	fgcolor;	//ditto

-		nana::string	target;
-		nana::string	url;
+		::nana::string	target;
+		::nana::string	url;

 		fblock * parent;
 	};
@@ -528,7 +523,7 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 	{
 	public:
 		data_image(const nana::string& imgpath, const nana::size & sz, std::size_t limited)
-			: image_(imgpath), limited_(limited)
+			: image_(imgpath)//, limited_(limited)
 		{
 			size_ = image_.size();

@@ -597,7 +592,6 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 		nana::string str_;
 		nana::paint::image image_;
 		nana::size size_;
-		std::size_t limited_;
 	};

 	class dstream
@@ -741,41 +735,45 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 					switch(tknizer.read())
 					{
 					case token::number:
-						fp->fgcolor = tknizer.number();
+					{
+						pixel_color_t px;
+						px.value = static_cast<unsigned>(tknizer.number());
+						fp->fgcolor = {px.element.red, px.element.green, px.element.blue};
+					}
 						break;
 					case token::red:
-						fp->fgcolor = 0xFF0000;
+						fp->fgcolor = colors::red;
 						break;
 					case token::green:
-						fp->fgcolor = 0xFF00;
+						fp->fgcolor = colors::green;
 						break;
 					case token::blue:
-						fp->fgcolor = 0xFF;
+						fp->fgcolor = colors::blue;
 						break;
 					case token::white:
-						fp->fgcolor = 0xFFFFFF;
+						fp->fgcolor = colors::white;
 						break;
 					case token::black:
-						fp->fgcolor = 0x0;
+						fp->fgcolor = colors::black;
 						break;
 					default:
 						throw std::runtime_error("");
 					}
 					break;
 				case token::red:	//support the omitting of color.
-					fp->fgcolor = 0xFF0000;
+					fp->fgcolor = colors::red;
 					break;
 				case token::green:	//support the omitting of color.
-					fp->fgcolor = 0xFF00;
+					fp->fgcolor = colors::green;
 					break;
 				case token::blue:	//support the omitting of color.
-					fp->fgcolor = 0xFF;
+					fp->fgcolor = colors::blue;
 					break;
 				case token::white:	//support the omitting of color.
-					fp->fgcolor = 0xFFFFFF;
+					fp->fgcolor = colors::white;
 					break;
 				case token::black:	//support the omitting of color.
-					fp->fgcolor = 0x0;
+					fp->fgcolor = colors::black;
 					break;
 				case token::baseline:
 					fp->text_align = fblock::aligns::baseline;
@@ -867,10 +865,6 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 			fbp->bold_empty = true;
 			fbp->text_align = fblock::aligns::baseline;

-			//Refer to the definition for the color specification.
-			fbp->bgcolor = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-			fbp->fgcolor = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-
 			fbp->parent = nullptr;

 			fblocks_.push_back(fbp);
@@ -910,8 +904,7 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 				v.data_ptr = new data_text(idstr);
 				break;
 			default:
-				int * debug = 0;	//for debug
-				*debug = 0;
+				break;
 			}

 			line.push_back(v);
@@ -928,7 +921,6 @@ namespace nana{ namespace widgets{	namespace skeletons
 		}

 	private:
-		bool format_enabled_;
 		std::vector<fblock*> fblocks_;
 		std::list<std::deque<value> > lines_;

--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/textbase.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/textbase.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A textbase class implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ namespace skeletons
 				_m_first_change();
 				changed_ = true;
 			}
+
+			if (evt_agent_)
+				evt_agent_->text_changed();
 		}
 	private:
 		std::deque<string_type>	text_cont_;
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/textbase_export_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/textbase_export_interface.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Definitions of textbase export interfaces
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace widgets
 			virtual ~textbase_event_agent_interface() = default;

 			virtual void first_change() = 0;	///< An event for the text first change after text has been opened or stored.
+			virtual void text_changed() = 0;	///< An event for the change of text.
 		};
 	}//end namespace skeletons
 }//end namespace widgets
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/slider.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/slider.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Slider Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ namespace nana
 	class slider;

 	struct arg_slider
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		slider & widget;
+
+		arg_slider(slider&);
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ namespace nana
 			class provider
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~provider() = 0;
+				virtual ~provider() = default;
 				virtual nana::string adorn_trace(unsigned vmax, unsigned vadorn) const = 0;
 			};

@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ namespace nana
 					unsigned vcur_scale;	//pixels of vcur scale.
 				};

-				virtual ~renderer() = 0;
+				virtual ~renderer() = default;

 				virtual void background(window, graph_reference, bool isglass) = 0;
 				virtual void adorn(window, graph_reference, const adorn_t&) = 0;
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/spinbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/spinbox.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ *	A Spin box widget
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *
+ *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ *	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ *
+ *	@file: nana/gui/widgets/spinbox.hpp
+ */
+
+#ifndef NANA_GUI_WIDGET_SPINBOX_HPP
+#define NANA_GUI_WIDGET_SPINBOX_HPP
+#include "widget.hpp"
+#include "skeletons/text_editor_scheme.hpp"
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	class spinbox;
+
+	struct arg_spinbox
+		: public event_arg
+	{
+		spinbox & widget;
+		arg_spinbox(spinbox&);
+	};
+
+	namespace drawerbase
+	{
+		namespace spinbox
+		{
+			struct spinbox_events
+				: public general_events
+			{
+				basic_event<arg_spinbox> text_changed;
+			};
+
+			/// Declaration of internal spinbox implementation
+			class implementation;
+
+			/// Drawer of spinbox
+			class drawer
+				: public ::nana::drawer_trigger
+			{
+				drawer(const drawer&) = delete;
+				drawer(drawer&&) = delete;
+				drawer& operator=(const drawer&) = delete;
+				drawer& operator=(drawer&&) = delete;
+			public:
+				drawer();
+				~drawer();
+				implementation * impl() const;
+			private:
+				//Overrides drawer_trigger
+				void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference) override;
+				void refresh(graph_reference)	override;
+
+				void focus(graph_reference, const arg_focus&)	override;
+				void mouse_wheel(graph_reference, const arg_wheel&) override;
+				void mouse_down(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
+				void mouse_move(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
+				void mouse_up(graph_reference, const arg_mouse& arg)	override;
+				void mouse_leave(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
+				void key_press(graph_reference, const arg_keyboard&) override;
+				void key_char(graph_reference, const arg_keyboard&) override;
+				void resized(graph_reference, const arg_resized&) override;
+			private:
+				implementation * const impl_;
+			};
+		};
+	}//end namespace drawerbase
+
+	/// Spinbox Widget
+	class spinbox
+		: public widget_object <category::widget_tag, drawerbase::spinbox::drawer, drawerbase::spinbox::spinbox_events, ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme>
+	{
+	public:
+		/// Constructs a spinbox.
+		spinbox();
+		spinbox(window, bool visible);
+		spinbox(window, const nana::rectangle& = {}, bool visible = true);
+
+		/// Sets the widget whether it accepts user keyboard input.
+		/// @param accept Set to indicate whether it accepts uesr keyboard input.
+		void editable(bool accept);
+
+		/// Determines whether the widget accepts user keyboard input.
+		bool editable() const;
+
+		/// Sets the numeric spin values and step.
+		void range(int begin, int last, int step);
+		void range(double begin, double last, double step);
+
+		/// Sets the string spin values.
+		void range(std::initializer_list<std::string> values_utf8);
+		void range(std::initializer_list<std::wstring> values);
+
+		/// Gets the spined value
+		::nana::string value() const;
+		void value(const ::nana::string&);
+		int to_int() const;
+		double to_double() const;
+
+		/// Sets the modifiers
+		void modifier(std::wstring prefix, std::wstring suffix);
+		void modifier(const std::string & prefix_utf8, const std::string& suffix_utf8);
+	private:
+		::nana::string _m_caption() const;
+		void _m_caption(::nana::string&&);
+	}; //end class spinbox
+
+	namespace dev
+	{
+		template<>
+		struct widget_traits<spinbox>
+		{
+			using event_type = drawerbase::spinbox::spinbox_events;
+			using scheme_type = ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme;
+		};
+	}
+}//end namespace nana
+
+#endif //NANA_GUI_WIDGET_SPINBOX_HPP
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/tabbar.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/tabbar.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Tabbar implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -24,9 +24,14 @@ namespace nana

 	template<typename T>
 	struct arg_tabbar
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		tabbar<T> & widget;
 		T & value;
+
+		arg_tabbar(tabbar<T>& wdg, T& v)
+			: widget{ wdg }, value{ v }
+		{}
 	};

 	template<typename T>
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ namespace nana
 			class event_agent_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~event_agent_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~event_agent_interface() = default;
 				virtual void added(std::size_t) = 0;
 				virtual void activated(std::size_t) = 0;
 				virtual bool removed(std::size_t) = 0;
@@ -67,18 +72,18 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 			public:
 				typedef item_renderer item_renderer_type;
-				typedef nana::paint::graphics & graph_reference;
+				typedef ::nana::paint::graphics & graph_reference;
 				enum state_t{disable, normal, highlight, press};

 				struct item_t
 				{
-					nana::rectangle r;
-					nana::color_t	bgcolor;
-					nana::color_t	fgcolor;
+					::nana::rectangle r;
+					::nana::color	bgcolor;
+					::nana::color	fgcolor;
 				};

-				virtual ~item_renderer() = 0;
-				virtual void background(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle& r, nana::color_t bgcolor) = 0;
+				virtual ~item_renderer() = default;
+				virtual void background(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle& r, const ::nana::color& bgcolor) = 0;
 				virtual void item(graph_reference, const item_t&, bool active, state_t) = 0;
 				virtual void close_fly(graph_reference, const nana::rectangle&, bool active, state_t) = 0;

@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ namespace nana
 				std::size_t length() const;
 				bool close_fly(bool);
 				void relate(size_t, window);
-				void tab_color(std::size_t, bool is_bgcolor, nana::color_t);
+				void tab_color(std::size_t, bool is_bgcolor, const ::nana::color&);
 				void tab_image(size_t, const nana::paint::image&);
 				void text(std::size_t, const nana::string&);
 				nana::string text(std::size_t) const;
@@ -278,14 +283,14 @@ namespace nana
 			this->get_drawer_trigger().relate(pos, wd);
 		}

-		void tab_bgcolor(std::size_t i, nana::color_t color)
+		void tab_bgcolor(std::size_t i, const ::nana::color& clr)
 		{
-			this->get_drawer_trigger().tab_color(i, true, color);
+			this->get_drawer_trigger().tab_color(i, true, clr);
 		}

-		void tab_fgcolor(std::size_t i, nana::color_t color)
+		void tab_fgcolor(std::size_t i, const ::nana::color& clr)
 		{
-			this->get_drawer_trigger().tab_color(i, false, color);
+			this->get_drawer_trigger().tab_color(i, false, clr);
 		}

 		void tab_image(std::size_t i, const nana::paint::image& img)
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/textbox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/textbox.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Textbox Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -13,14 +13,18 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WIDGET_TEXTBOX_HPP
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp>
 #include "skeletons/textbase_export_interface.hpp"
+#include "skeletons/text_editor_scheme.hpp"

 namespace nana
 {
 	class textbox;

 	struct arg_textbox
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		textbox& widget;
+
+		arg_textbox(textbox&);
 	};

 	namespace widgets
@@ -39,14 +43,16 @@ namespace nana
 				: public general_events
 			{
 				basic_event<arg_textbox> first_change;
+				basic_event<arg_textbox> text_changed;
 			};

 			class event_agent
 				: public widgets::skeletons::textbase_event_agent_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				event_agent(::nana::textbox& wdg);
+				event_agent(::nana::textbox&);
 				void first_change() override;
+				void text_changed() override;
 			private:
 				::nana::textbox & widget_;
 			};
@@ -56,12 +62,11 @@ namespace nana
 				: public drawer_trigger
 			{
 			public:
-				typedef widgets::skeletons::text_editor text_editor;
+				using text_editor = widgets::skeletons::text_editor;

 				drawer();
 				text_editor * editor();
 				const text_editor * editor() const;
-				void set_accept(std::function<bool(nana::char_t)> &&);
 			private:
 				void attached(widget_reference, graph_reference)	override;
 				void detached()	override;
@@ -79,15 +84,8 @@ namespace nana
 				void typeface_changed(graph_reference)				override;
 			private:
 				void _m_text_area(unsigned width, unsigned height);
-				void _m_draw_border(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor);
 			private:
 				widget*	widget_;
-				struct status_type
-				{
-					bool has_focus;		//Indicates whether it has the keyboard focus
-				}status_;
-
-				std::function<bool(nana::char_t)> pred_acceptive_;
 				widgets::skeletons::text_editor * editor_;
 				std::unique_ptr<event_agent>	evt_agent_;
 			};
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ namespace nana

    /// Allow users to enter and edit text by typing on the keyboard.
 	class textbox
-		:public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::textbox::drawer, drawerbase::textbox::textbox_events>
+		:public widget_object<category::widget_tag, drawerbase::textbox::drawer, drawerbase::textbox::textbox_events, ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme>
 	{
 	public:
 		/// The default constructor without creating the widget.
@@ -181,11 +179,28 @@ namespace nana
 		double to_double() const;
 		textbox& from(int);
 		textbox& from(double);
+
+		void set_highlight(const std::string& name, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::color& bgcolor);
+		void erase_highlight(const std::string& name);
+		void set_keywords(const std::string& name, bool case_sensitive, bool whole_word_match, std::initializer_list<nana::string> kw_list);
+		void set_keywords(const std::string& name, bool case_sensitive, bool whole_word_match, std::initializer_list<std::string> kw_list_utf8);
+		void erase_keyword(const nana::string& kw);
 	protected:
 		//Overrides widget's virtual functions
 		::nana::string _m_caption() const override;
 		void _m_caption(::nana::string&&) override;
 		void _m_typeface(const paint::font&) override;
 	};
+
+	namespace dev
+	{
+		/// Traits for widget classes
+		template<>
+		struct widget_traits<textbox>
+		{
+			using event_type = drawerbase::textbox::textbox_events;
+			using scheme_type = ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme;
+		};
+	}
 }//end namespace nana
 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/toolbar.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/toolbar.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Toolbar Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ namespace nana
 	class toolbar;

 	struct arg_toolbar
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		toolbar& widget;
 		std::size_t button;
+
+		arg_toolbar(toolbar&, std::size_t);
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ namespace nana
 				void mouse_up(graph_reference, const arg_mouse&)	override;
 			private:
 				size_type _m_which(int x, int y, bool want_if_disabled) const;
-				void _m_draw_background(nana::color_t);
+				void _m_draw_background(const ::nana::color&);
 				void _m_draw();
 				void _m_owner_sized(const arg_resized&);
 			private:
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ namespace nana
 	public:
 		typedef std::size_t size_type;      ///< A type to count the number of elements.

-		toolbar();
+		toolbar() = default;
 		toolbar(window, bool visible);
 		toolbar(window, const rectangle& = rectangle(), bool visible = true);

--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/treebox.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/treebox.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Tree Box Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -74,11 +74,13 @@ namespace nana
 				virtual ~renderer_interface()
 				{}

-				virtual void bground(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
-				virtual void expander(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
-				virtual void crook(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
-				virtual void icon(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
-				virtual void text(graph_reference, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
+				virtual void set_color(const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor) = 0;
+
+				virtual void bground(graph_reference, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
+				virtual void expander(graph_reference, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
+				virtual void crook(graph_reference, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
+				virtual void icon(graph_reference, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
+				virtual void text(graph_reference, const compset_interface *) const = 0;
 			};

 			class item_proxy;
@@ -331,10 +333,13 @@ namespace nana
 	}//end namespace drawerbase

 	struct arg_treebox
+		: public event_arg
 	{
 		treebox& widget;
 		drawerbase::treebox::item_proxy & item;
 		bool	operated;
+
+		arg_treebox(treebox&, drawerbase::treebox::item_proxy&, bool operated);
 	};

 	namespace drawerbase
@@ -411,8 +416,6 @@ namespace nana
 		/// Determinte whether the checkbox is enabled.
 		bool checkable() const;

-		treebox& icon(const nana::string& id, const node_image_type& node_img);
-
 		node_image_type& icon(const nana::string& id) const;

 		void icon_erase(const nana::string& id);
--- a/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/widgets/widget.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	The fundamental widget class implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -22,15 +22,13 @@

 namespace nana
 {
-	class drawer_trigger;
-
-	        /// Abstract class for defining the capacity interface.
+	/// Abstract class for defining the capacity interface.
 	class widget
 		: nana::noncopyable, nana::nonmovable
 	{
 		typedef void(*dummy_bool_type)(widget* (*)(const widget&));
 	public:
-		virtual ~widget();
+		virtual ~widget() = default;
 		virtual window handle() const = 0;			///< Returns the handle of window, returns 0 if window is not created.
 		bool empty() const;							///< Determines whether the manipulator is handling a window.
 		void close();
@@ -38,6 +36,7 @@ namespace nana
 		window parent() const;

 		nana::string caption() const;
+		void caption(std::string utf8);
 		void caption(nana::string);

 		template<typename ...Args>
@@ -73,14 +72,18 @@ namespace nana
 		void move(int x, int y);
 		void move(const rectangle&);

-		void foreground(nana::color_t);
-		nana::color_t foreground() const;
-		void background(nana::color_t);
-		nana::color_t background() const;
+		void fgcolor(const nana::color&);
+		nana::color fgcolor() const;
+		void bgcolor(const nana::color&);
+		nana::color bgcolor() const;

 		general_events& events() const;

 		void umake_event(event_handle eh) const;              ///< Deletes an event callback by a handle.
+
+		widget& register_shortkey(char_t);	///< Registers a shortkey. To remove a registered key, pass 0.
+
+		widget& take_active(bool activated, window take_if_not_activated);
 		widget& tooltip(const nana::string&);

 		operator dummy_bool_type() const;
@@ -106,21 +109,24 @@ namespace nana
 		virtual void _m_typeface(const nana::paint::font& font);
 		virtual nana::paint::font _m_typeface() const;

-		virtual void _m_foreground(nana::color_t);
-		virtual nana::color_t _m_foreground() const;
-		virtual void _m_background(nana::color_t);
-		virtual nana::color_t _m_background() const;
+		virtual void _m_fgcolor(const nana::color&);
+		virtual nana::color _m_fgcolor() const;
+		virtual void _m_bgcolor(const nana::color&);
+		virtual nana::color _m_bgcolor() const;
 	};

            /// Base class of all the classes defined as a widget window. Defaultly a widget_tag
-	template<typename Category, typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events = nana::general_events>
+	template<typename Category, typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events = ::nana::general_events, typename Scheme = ::nana::widget_colors>
 	class widget_object: public widget
 	{
 	protected:
 		typedef DrawerTrigger drawer_trigger_t;
 	public:
+		using scheme_type = Scheme;
+
 		widget_object()
-			: events_(std::make_shared<Events>())
+			:	events_{ std::make_shared<Events>() },
+				scheme_{ API::dev::make_scheme<Scheme>() }
 		{}

 		~widget_object()
@@ -139,12 +145,13 @@ namespace nana
 			return create(parent_wd, rectangle(), visible);
 		}

-		bool create(window parent_wd, const rectangle & r = rectangle(), bool visible = true)  ///< in a widget/root window specified by parent_wd.
+		bool create(window parent_wd, const rectangle & r = {}, bool visible = true)  ///< in a widget/root window specified by parent_wd.
 		{
 			if(parent_wd && this->empty())
 			{
 				handle_ = API::dev::create_widget(parent_wd, r, this);
 				API::dev::set_events(handle_, events_);
+				API::dev::set_scheme(handle_, scheme_.get());
 				API::dev::attach_signal(handle_, *this, &widget_object::signal);
 				API::dev::attach_drawer(*this, trigger_);
 				if(visible)
@@ -170,6 +177,11 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			return API::widget_borderless(handle_);
 		}
+
+		scheme_type& scheme() const
+		{
+			return *scheme_;
+		}
 	protected:
 		DrawerTrigger& get_drawer_trigger()
 		{
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ namespace nana
 			}
 		}

-		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const
+		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const override
 		{
 			return *events_;
 		}
@@ -208,18 +220,20 @@ namespace nana
 		window handle_{nullptr};
 		DrawerTrigger trigger_;
 		std::shared_ptr<Events> events_;
+		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type> scheme_;
 	};//end class widget_object

 	        /// Base class of all the classes defined as a non-graphics-buffer widget window. The second template parameter DrawerTrigger is always ignored.\see nana::panel
-	template<typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events>
-	class widget_object<category::lite_widget_tag, DrawerTrigger, Events>: public widget
+	template<typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events, typename Scheme>
+	class widget_object<category::lite_widget_tag, DrawerTrigger, Events, Scheme>: public widget
 	{
 	protected:
 		typedef DrawerTrigger drawer_trigger_t;
 	public:
+		using scheme_type = Scheme;

 		widget_object()
-			:	events_(std::make_shared<Events>())
+			: events_{ std::make_shared<Events>() }, scheme_{ API::dev::make_scheme<scheme_type>() }
 		{}

 		~widget_object()
@@ -244,6 +258,7 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				handle_ = API::dev::create_lite_widget(parent_wd, r, this);
 				API::dev::set_events(handle_, events_);
+				API::dev::set_scheme(handle_, scheme_.get());
 				if(visible)
 					API::show_window(handle_, true);
 				this->_m_complete_creation();
@@ -251,10 +266,15 @@ namespace nana
 			return (this->empty() == false);
 		}

-		window handle() const
+		window handle() const override
 		{
 			return handle_;
 		}
+
+		scheme_type& scheme() const
+		{
+			return *scheme_;
+		}
 	private:
 		void signal(detail::signals::code code, const detail::signals& sig)
 		{
@@ -275,23 +295,25 @@ namespace nana
 			}
 		}

-		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const
+		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const override
 		{
 			return *events_;
 		}
 	private:
 		window handle_{nullptr};
 		std::shared_ptr<Events> events_;
+		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type> scheme_;
 	};//end class widget_object


 	        /// Base class of all the classes defined as a root window. \see nana::form
-	template<typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events>
-	class widget_object<category::root_tag, DrawerTrigger, Events>: public widget
+	template<typename DrawerTrigger, typename Events, typename Scheme>
+	class widget_object<category::root_tag, DrawerTrigger, Events, Scheme>: public widget
 	{
 	protected:
 		typedef DrawerTrigger drawer_trigger_t;
 	public:
+		using scheme_type = Scheme;

 		widget_object()
 		{
@@ -299,13 +321,13 @@ namespace nana
 			_m_bind_and_attach();
 		}

-		widget_object(const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr = appearance())
+		widget_object(const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr = {})
 		{
 			handle_ = API::dev::create_window(nullptr, false, r, apr, this);
 			_m_bind_and_attach();
 		}

-		widget_object(window owner, bool nested, const rectangle& r = rectangle(), const appearance& apr = appearance())
+		widget_object(window owner, bool nested, const rectangle& r = {}, const appearance& apr = {})
 		{
 			handle_ = API::dev::create_window(owner, nested, r, apr, this);
 			_m_bind_and_attach();
@@ -327,12 +349,7 @@ namespace nana
 			API::activate_window(handle_);
 		}

-		void bring_to_top()
-		{
-			API::bring_to_top(handle_);
-		}
-
-		window handle() const
+		window handle() const override
 		{
 			return handle_;
 		}
@@ -342,6 +359,11 @@ namespace nana
 			return API::root(handle_);
 		}

+		void bring_top(bool activated)
+		{
+			API::bring_top(handle(), activated);
+		}
+
 		window owner() const
 		{
 			return API::get_owner_window(handle_);
@@ -362,9 +384,30 @@ namespace nana
 			API::zoom_window(handle_, ask_for_max);
 		}

-		bool is_zoomed(bool ask_for_max) const
+		bool is_zoomed(bool check_maximized) const
 		{
-			return API::is_window_zoomed(handle_, ask_for_max);
+			return API::is_window_zoomed(handle_, check_maximized);
+		}
+
+		widget_object& z_order(window wd_after, z_order_action action_if_no_wd_after)
+		{
+			API::set_window_z_order(handle_, wd_after, action_if_no_wd_after);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		scheme_type& scheme() const
+		{
+			return *scheme_;
+		}
+
+		void draw_through(std::function<void()> draw_fn)
+		{
+			API::draw_through(handle(), draw_fn);
+		}
+
+		void map_through_widgets(native_drawable_type drawable)
+		{
+			API::map_through_widgets(handle(), drawable);
 		}
 	protected:
 		DrawerTrigger& get_drawer_trigger()
@@ -400,11 +443,14 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			events_ = std::make_shared<Events>();
 			API::dev::set_events(handle_, events_);
+
+			scheme_ = API::dev::make_scheme<scheme_type>();
+			API::dev::set_scheme(handle_, scheme_.get());
 			API::dev::attach_signal(handle_, *this, &widget_object::signal);
 			API::dev::attach_drawer(*this, trigger_);
 		}

-		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const
+		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const override
 		{
 			return *events_;
 		}
@@ -412,21 +458,24 @@ namespace nana
 		window handle_;
 		DrawerTrigger trigger_;
 		std::shared_ptr<Events> events_;
+		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type> scheme_;
 	};//end class widget_object<root_tag>

 	           /// Base class of all the classes defined as a frame window. \see nana::frame
-	template<typename Drawer, typename Events>
-	class widget_object<category::frame_tag, Drawer, Events>: public widget{};
+	template<typename Drawer, typename Events, typename Scheme>
+	class widget_object<category::frame_tag, Drawer, Events, Scheme>: public widget{};

 	           /// Especialization. Base class of all the classes defined as a frame window. \see nana::frame
-	template<typename Events>
-	class widget_object<category::frame_tag, int, Events>: public widget
+	template<typename Events, typename Scheme>
+	class widget_object<category::frame_tag, int, Events, Scheme>: public widget
 	{
 	protected:
 		typedef int drawer_trigger_t;
 	public:
+		using scheme_type = Scheme;
+
 		widget_object()
-			:	events_(std::make_shared<Events>())
+			: events_{ std::make_shared<Events>() }, scheme_{ API::dev::make_scheme<scheme_type>() }
 		{}

 		~widget_object()
@@ -451,6 +500,7 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				handle_ = API::dev::create_frame(parent_wd, r, this);
 				API::dev::set_events(handle_, events_);
+				API::dev::set_scheme(handle_, scheme_.get());
 				API::dev::attach_signal(handle_, *this, &widget_object::signal);
 				API::show_window(handle_, visible);
 				this->_m_complete_creation();
@@ -458,10 +508,15 @@ namespace nana
 			return (this->empty() == false);
 		}

-		window handle() const
+		window handle() const override
 		{
 			return handle_;
 		}
+
+		scheme_type& scheme() const
+		{
+			return *scheme_;
+		}
 	private:
 		virtual drawer_trigger* get_drawer_trigger()
 		{
@@ -487,13 +542,14 @@ namespace nana
 			}
 		}

-		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const
+		general_events& _m_get_general_events() const override
 		{
 			return *events_;
 		}
 	private:
 		window handle_{nullptr};
 		std::shared_ptr<Events> events_;
+		std::unique_ptr<scheme_type> scheme_;
 	};//end class widget_object<category::frame_tag>
 }//end namespace nana
 #endif
--- a/include/nana/gui/wvl.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/gui/wvl.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Nana GUI Library Definition
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #define NANA_GUI_WVL_HPP

 #include "programming_interface.hpp"
+#include "screen.hpp"
 #include "widgets/form.hpp"
 #include "drawing.hpp"
 #include "msgbox.hpp"
--- a/include/nana/internationalization.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/internationalization.hpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace nana
 		class arg_eval;

 		template<typename Return>
-		class arg_function
+		class arg_function: public eval_arg
 		{
 		public:
 			arg_function(std::function<Return()> fn)
@@ -208,4 +208,4 @@ namespace nana
 	};//end class i18n_eval;
 }

-#endif//NANA_I18N_HPP
+#endif//NANA_I18N_HPP
--- a/include/nana/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/detail/image_bmp.hpp
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint

 							pixbuf_.open(info->bmiHeader.biWidth, height_pixels);

-							pixel_rgb_t * d = pixbuf_.raw_ptr(0);
+							auto d = pixbuf_.raw_ptr(0);

 							if(16 <= info->bmiHeader.biBitCount)
 							{
@@ -110,23 +110,23 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 							}
 							else if(8 == info->bmiHeader.biBitCount)
 							{
-								const pixel_rgb_t * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
+								const auto lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;

 								if(info->bmiHeader.biHeight < 0)
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits;
+									auto s = bits;
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
-										const unsigned char * s_p = s;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto s_p = s;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[*s_p++];
-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 										}
 										d = dpend;
@@ -135,19 +135,19 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 								}
 								else
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
+									const auto* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
-										const unsigned char * s_p = s;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto* const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										const auto * s_p = s;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[*s_p++];
-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 										}
 										d = dpend;
@@ -157,23 +157,23 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 							}
 							else if(4 == info->bmiHeader.biBitCount)
 							{
-								const pixel_rgb_t * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
+								const auto * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
 								if(info->bmiHeader.biHeight < 0)
 								{
 									const unsigned char* s = bits;
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[(index & 1) ? (s[index >> 1] & 0xF) : (s[index >> 1] & 0xF0) >> 4];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
@@ -183,21 +183,21 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 								}
 								else
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
+									const auto* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;

 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[(index & 1) ? (s[index >> 1] & 0xF) : (s[index >> 1] & 0xF0) >> 4];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
@@ -208,24 +208,24 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 							}
 							else if(2 == info->bmiHeader.biBitCount)
 							{
-								const pixel_rgb_t * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
+								const auto * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
 								if(info->bmiHeader.biHeight < 0)
 								{
 									const unsigned char* s = bits;
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											unsigned shift = (3 - (index & 0x3)) << 1; // (index % 4) * 2
 											rgb_quad& rgb = info->bmiColors[(s[index >> 2] & (0x3 << shift))>>shift];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
@@ -235,11 +235,11 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 								}
 								else
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
+									const auto* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;

 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
@@ -247,10 +247,10 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 											unsigned shift = (3 - (index & 0x3)) << 1; // (index % 4) * 2
 											rgb_quad& rgb = info->bmiColors[(s[index >> 2] & (0x3 << shift))>>shift];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
@@ -261,24 +261,24 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 							}
 							else if(1 == info->bmiHeader.biBitCount)
 							{
-								const pixel_rgb_t * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
+								const auto * const lend = d + info->bmiHeader.biWidth * height_pixels;
 								if(info->bmiHeader.biHeight < 0)
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits;
+									const auto* s = bits;
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
 										{
 											unsigned bi = (7 - (index & 7));	//(index % 8)
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[(s[index >> 3] & (1 << bi)) >> bi];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
@@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 								}
 								else
 								{
-									const unsigned char* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
+									const auto* s = bits + bytes_per_line * (height_pixels - 1);
 									while(d < lend)
 									{
-										pixel_rgb_t * d_p = d;
-										pixel_rgb_t * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+										auto d_p = d;
+										auto * const dpend = d_p + info->bmiHeader.biWidth;

 										unsigned index = 0;
 										while(d_p != dpend)
@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 											unsigned bi = (7 - (index & 7));
 											rgb_quad & rgb = info->bmiColors[(s[index >> 3] & (1 << bi)) >> bi];

-											d_p->u.element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
-											d_p->u.element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
-											d_p->u.element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
-											d_p->u.element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
+											d_p->element.red = rgb.rgbRed;
+											d_p->element.green = rgb.rgbGreen;
+											d_p->element.blue = rgb.rgbBlue;
+											d_p->element.alpha_channel = rgb.rgbReserved;
 											++d_p;
 											++index;
 										}
--- a/include/nana/paint/detail/image_png.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/detail/image_png.hpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ namespace nana
 								const bool is_alpha_enabled = ((PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA & color_type) != 0);
 								pixbuf_.alpha_channel(is_alpha_enabled);

-								if(is_alpha_enabled && (png_rowbytes == png_width * sizeof(pixel_rgb_t)))
+								if(is_alpha_enabled && (png_rowbytes == png_width * sizeof(pixel_argb_t)))
 								{
 									for(int i = 0; i < png_height; ++i)
 										row_ptrs[i] = reinterpret_cast<png_bytep>(pixbuf_.raw_ptr(i));
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ namespace nana
 										auto p = pixbuf_.raw_ptr(i);
 										for (int u = 0; u < png_width; ++u)
 										{
-											auto t = p[u].u.element.red;
-											p[u].u.element.red = p[u].u.element.blue;
-											p[u].u.element.blue = t;
+											auto t = p[u].element.red;
+											p[u].element.red = p[u].element.blue;
+											p[u].element.blue = t;
 										}
 									}
 								}
@@ -103,32 +103,32 @@ namespace nana

 									std::size_t png_pixel_bytes = png_rowbytes / png_width;

-									pixel_rgb_t * rgb_row_ptr = pixbuf_.raw_ptr(0);
+									pixel_argb_t * rgb_row_ptr = pixbuf_.raw_ptr(0);
 									for(int y = 0; y < png_height; ++y)
 									{
 										png_bytep png_ptr = row_ptrs[y];

-										pixel_rgb_t * rgb_end = rgb_row_ptr + png_width;
+										pixel_argb_t * rgb_end = rgb_row_ptr + png_width;

 										if(is_alpha_enabled)
 										{
-											for(pixel_rgb_t * i = rgb_row_ptr; i < rgb_end; ++i)
+											for(pixel_argb_t * i = rgb_row_ptr; i < rgb_end; ++i)
 											{
-												i->u.element.red = png_ptr[0];
-												i->u.element.green = png_ptr[1];
-												i->u.element.blue = png_ptr[2];
-												i->u.element.alpha_channel = png_ptr[3];
+												i->element.red = png_ptr[0];
+												i->element.green = png_ptr[1];
+												i->element.blue = png_ptr[2];
+												i->element.alpha_channel = png_ptr[3];
 												png_ptr += png_pixel_bytes;
 											}
 										}
 										else
 										{
-											for(pixel_rgb_t * i = rgb_row_ptr; i < rgb_end; ++i)
+											for(pixel_argb_t * i = rgb_row_ptr; i < rgb_end; ++i)
 											{
-												i->u.element.red = png_ptr[0];
-												i->u.element.green = png_ptr[1];
-												i->u.element.blue = png_ptr[2];
-												i->u.element.alpha_channel = 255;
+												i->element.red = png_ptr[0];
+												i->element.green = png_ptr[1];
+												i->element.blue = png_ptr[2];
+												i->element.alpha_channel = 255;
 												png_ptr += png_pixel_bytes;
 											}
 										}
--- a/include/nana/paint/detail/image_processor.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/detail/image_processor.hpp
@@ -38,32 +38,32 @@ namespace detail
 				double rate_x = double(r_src.width) / r_dst.width;
 				double rate_y = double(r_src.height) / r_dst.height;

-				pixel_rgb_t * s_raw_pixbuf = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(0);
+				pixel_argb_t * s_raw_pixbuf = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(0);

 				if(s_pixbuf.alpha_channel())
 				{
 					for(std::size_t row = 0; row < r_dst.height; ++row)
 					{
-						const pixel_rgb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixbuf, (static_cast<int>(row * rate_y) + r_src.y) * bytes_per_line);
-						pixel_rgb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(r_dst.y + row);
+						const pixel_argb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixbuf, (static_cast<int>(row * rate_y) + r_src.y) * bytes_per_line);
+						pixel_argb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(r_dst.y + row);

 						for(std::size_t x = 0; x < r_dst.width; ++x, ++i)
 						{
-							const pixel_rgb_t * s = s_line + static_cast<int>(x * rate_x) + r_src.x;
-							if(0 == s->u.element.alpha_channel)
+							const pixel_argb_t * s = s_line + static_cast<int>(x * rate_x) + r_src.x;
+							if(0 == s->element.alpha_channel)
 								continue;
 							
-							if(s->u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+							if(s->element.alpha_channel != 255)
 							{
-								i->u.element.red = unsigned(i->u.element.red * (255 - s->u.element.alpha_channel) + s->u.element.red * s->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-								i->u.element.green = unsigned(i->u.element.green * (255 - s->u.element.alpha_channel) + s->u.element.green * s->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-								i->u.element.blue = unsigned(i->u.element.blue * (255 - s->u.element.alpha_channel) + s->u.element.blue * s->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+								i->element.red = unsigned(i->element.red * (255 - s->element.alpha_channel) + s->element.red * s->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+								i->element.green = unsigned(i->element.green * (255 - s->element.alpha_channel) + s->element.green * s->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+								i->element.blue = unsigned(i->element.blue * (255 - s->element.alpha_channel) + s->element.blue * s->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 							}
 							else
 							{
-								unsigned alpha_chn = i->u.element.alpha_channel;
+								unsigned alpha_chn = i->element.alpha_channel;
 								*i = *s;
-								i->u.element.alpha_channel = alpha_chn;
+								i->element.alpha_channel = alpha_chn;
 							}
 						}
 					}				
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ namespace detail
 				{
 					for(std::size_t row = 0; row < r_dst.height; ++row)
 					{
-						const pixel_rgb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixbuf, (static_cast<int>(row * rate_y) + r_src.y) * bytes_per_line);
-						pixel_rgb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(r_dst.y + row);
+						const pixel_argb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixbuf, (static_cast<int>(row * rate_y) + r_src.y) * bytes_per_line);
+						pixel_argb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(r_dst.y + row);

 						for(std::size_t x = 0; x < r_dst.width; ++x, ++i)
 							*i = s_line[static_cast<int>(x * rate_x) + r_src.x];
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace detail
 				
 				const int right_bound = static_cast<int>(r_src.width) - 1 + r_src.x;

-				const nana::pixel_rgb_t * s_raw_pixel_buffer = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(0);
+				const nana::pixel_argb_t * s_raw_pixel_buffer = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(0);

 				const int bottom = r_src.y + static_cast<int>(r_src.height - 1);

@@ -151,15 +151,15 @@ namespace detail
 					std::size_t iv = static_cast<size_t>(v * coef);
 					const std::size_t iv_minus_coef = coef - iv;

-					const nana::pixel_rgb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixel_buffer,  sy * s_bytes_per_line);
-					const nana::pixel_rgb_t * next_s_line = pixel_at(s_line, (sy < bottom ? s_bytes_per_line : 0));
+					const nana::pixel_argb_t * s_line = pixel_at(s_raw_pixel_buffer,  sy * s_bytes_per_line);
+					const nana::pixel_argb_t * next_s_line = pixel_at(s_line, (sy < bottom ? s_bytes_per_line : 0));

-					nana::pixel_rgb_t col0;
-					nana::pixel_rgb_t col1;
-					nana::pixel_rgb_t col2;
-					nana::pixel_rgb_t col3;
+					nana::pixel_argb_t col0;
+					nana::pixel_argb_t col1;
+					nana::pixel_argb_t col2;
+					nana::pixel_argb_t col3;
 					
-					pixel_rgb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(row + r_dst.y) + r_dst.x;
+					pixel_argb_t * i = pixbuf.raw_ptr(row + r_dst.y) + r_dst.x;
 					
 					if(is_alpha_channel)
 					{
@@ -186,24 +186,24 @@ namespace detail
 							std::size_t coef2 = el.iu * iv_minus_coef;
 							std::size_t coef3 = el.iu * iv;			

-							unsigned alpha_chn = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.alpha_channel + coef1 * col1.u.element.alpha_channel + (coef2 * col2.u.element.alpha_channel + coef3 * col3.u.element.alpha_channel)) >> double_shift_size);
-							unsigned s_red = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.red + coef1 * col1.u.element.red + (coef2 * col2.u.element.red + coef3 * col3.u.element.red)) >> double_shift_size);
-							unsigned s_green = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.green + coef1 * col1.u.element.green + (coef2 * col2.u.element.green + coef3 * col3.u.element.green)) >> double_shift_size);
-							unsigned s_blue = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.blue + coef1 * col1.u.element.blue + (coef2 * col2.u.element.blue + coef3 * col3.u.element.blue)) >> double_shift_size);
+							unsigned alpha_chn = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.alpha_channel + coef1 * col1.element.alpha_channel + (coef2 * col2.element.alpha_channel + coef3 * col3.element.alpha_channel)) >> double_shift_size);
+							unsigned s_red = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.red + coef1 * col1.element.red + (coef2 * col2.element.red + coef3 * col3.element.red)) >> double_shift_size);
+							unsigned s_green = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.green + coef1 * col1.element.green + (coef2 * col2.element.green + coef3 * col3.element.green)) >> double_shift_size);
+							unsigned s_blue = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.blue + coef1 * col1.element.blue + (coef2 * col2.element.blue + coef3 * col3.element.blue)) >> double_shift_size);

 							if(alpha_chn)
 							{
 								if(alpha_chn != 255)
 								{
-									i->u.element.red	= unsigned(i->u.element.red * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_red * alpha_chn) / 255;
-									i->u.element.green	= unsigned(i->u.element.green * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_green * alpha_chn) / 255;
-									i->u.element.blue	= unsigned(i->u.element.blue * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_blue * alpha_chn) / 255;
+									i->element.red	= unsigned(i->element.red * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_red * alpha_chn) / 255;
+									i->element.green	= unsigned(i->element.green * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_green * alpha_chn) / 255;
+									i->element.blue	= unsigned(i->element.blue * (255 - alpha_chn) + s_blue * alpha_chn) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 								{
-									i->u.element.red = s_red;
-									i->u.element.green = s_green;
-									i->u.element.blue = s_blue;
+									i->element.red = s_red;
+									i->element.green = s_green;
+									i->element.blue = s_blue;
 								}
 							}
 						}						
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ namespace detail
 							std::size_t coef2 = el.iu * iv_minus_coef;
 							std::size_t coef3 = el.iu * iv;			

-							i->u.element.red = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.red + coef1 * col1.u.element.red + (coef2 * col2.u.element.red + coef3 * col3.u.element.red)) >> double_shift_size);
-							i->u.element.green = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.green + coef1 * col1.u.element.green + (coef2 * col2.u.element.green + coef3 * col3.u.element.green)) >> double_shift_size);
-							i->u.element.blue = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.u.element.blue + coef1 * col1.u.element.blue + (coef2 * col2.u.element.blue + coef3 * col3.u.element.blue)) >> double_shift_size);
+							i->element.red = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.red + coef1 * col1.element.red + (coef2 * col2.element.red + coef3 * col3.element.red)) >> double_shift_size);
+							i->element.green = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.green + coef1 * col1.element.green + (coef2 * col2.element.green + coef3 * col3.element.green)) >> double_shift_size);
+							i->element.blue = static_cast<unsigned>((coef0 * col0.element.blue + coef1 * col1.element.blue + (coef2 * col2.element.blue + coef3 * col3.element.blue)) >> double_shift_size);
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -250,83 +250,83 @@ namespace detail
 			//process
 			virtual void process(const paint::pixel_buffer& s_pixbuf, const nana::rectangle& s_r, paint::pixel_buffer& d_pixbuf, const nana::point& d_pos) const
 			{
-				nana::pixel_rgb_t * d_rgb = d_pixbuf.at(d_pos);
-				nana::pixel_rgb_t * s_rgb = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(s_r.y) + s_r.x;
+				auto d_rgb = d_pixbuf.at(d_pos);
+				auto s_rgb = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(s_r.y) + s_r.x;
 				if(d_rgb && s_rgb)
 				{
 					const unsigned rest = s_r.width & 0x3;
 					const unsigned length_align4 = s_r.width - rest;

-					std::size_t d_step_bytes = d_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_rgb_t);
-					std::size_t s_step_bytes = s_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_rgb_t);
+					std::size_t d_step_bytes = d_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_argb_t);
+					std::size_t s_step_bytes = s_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_argb_t);
 					for(unsigned line = 0; line < s_r.height; ++line)
 					{
-						pixel_rgb_t* end = d_rgb + length_align4;
+						const auto end = d_rgb + length_align4;
 						for(; d_rgb < end; d_rgb += 4, s_rgb += 4)
 						{
 							//0
-							if(s_rgb->u.element.alpha_channel)
+							if(s_rgb->element.alpha_channel)
 							{
-								if(s_rgb->u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+								if(s_rgb->element.alpha_channel != 255)
 								{
-									d_rgb->u.element.red = unsigned(d_rgb->u.element.red * (255 - s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].u.element.red * s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb->u.element.green = unsigned(d_rgb->u.element.green * (255 - s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].u.element.green * s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb->u.element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb->u.element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].u.element.blue * s_rgb[0].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb->element.red = unsigned(d_rgb->element.red * (255 - s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].element.red * s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb->element.green = unsigned(d_rgb->element.green * (255 - s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].element.green * s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb->element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb->element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[0].element.blue * s_rgb[0].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 									*d_rgb = *s_rgb;
 							}

 							//1
-							if(s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel)
+							if(s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel)
 							{
-								if(s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+								if(s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel != 255)
 								{
-									d_rgb[1].u.element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[1].u.element.red * (255 - s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].u.element.red * s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[1].u.element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[1].u.element.green * (255 - s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].u.element.green * s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[1].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[1].u.element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].u.element.blue * s_rgb[1].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[1].element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[1].element.red * (255 - s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].element.red * s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[1].element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[1].element.green * (255 - s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].element.green * s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[1].element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[1].element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[1].element.blue * s_rgb[1].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 									d_rgb[1] = s_rgb[1];
 							}

 							//2
-							if(s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel)
+							if(s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel)
 							{
-								if(s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+								if(s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel != 255)
 								{
-									d_rgb[2].u.element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[2].u.element.red * (255 - s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].u.element.red * s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[2].u.element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[2].u.element.green * (255 - s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].u.element.green * s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[2].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[2].u.element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].u.element.blue * s_rgb[2].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[2].element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[2].element.red * (255 - s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].element.red * s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[2].element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[2].element.green * (255 - s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].element.green * s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[2].element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[2].element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[2].element.blue * s_rgb[2].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 									d_rgb[2] = s_rgb[2];
 							}

 							//3
-							if(s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel)
+							if(s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel)
 							{
-								if(s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+								if(s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel != 255)
 								{
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.red * (255 - s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].u.element.red * s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.green * (255 - s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].u.element.green * s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].u.element.blue * s_rgb[3].u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.red * (255 - s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].element.red * s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.green * (255 - s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].element.green * s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.blue * (255 - s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) + s_rgb[3].element.blue * s_rgb[3].element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 									d_rgb[3] = s_rgb[3];
 							}
 						}

-						const pixel_rgb_t * s_end = s_rgb + rest;
+						const pixel_argb_t * s_end = s_rgb + rest;
 						for(auto i = s_rgb; i != s_end; ++i)
 						{
-							if(i->u.element.alpha_channel)
+							if(i->element.alpha_channel)
 							{
-								if(i->u.element.alpha_channel != 255)
+								if(i->element.alpha_channel != 255)
 								{
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.red * (255 - i->u.element.alpha_channel) + i->u.element.red * i->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.green * (255 - i->u.element.alpha_channel) + i->u.element.green * i->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
-									d_rgb[3].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[3].u.element.blue * (255 - i->u.element.alpha_channel) + i->u.element.blue * i->u.element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.red = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.red * (255 - i->element.alpha_channel) + i->element.red * i->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.green = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.green * (255 - i->element.alpha_channel) + i->element.green * i->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
+									d_rgb[3].element.blue = unsigned(d_rgb[3].element.blue * (255 - i->element.alpha_channel) + i->element.blue * i->element.alpha_channel) / 255;
 								}
 								else
 									d_rgb[3] = *i;
@@ -347,56 +347,56 @@ namespace detail
 			//process
 			virtual void process(const paint::pixel_buffer& s_pixbuf, const nana::rectangle& s_r, paint::pixel_buffer& d_pixbuf, const nana::point& d_pos, double fade_rate) const
 			{
-				nana::pixel_rgb_t * d_rgb = d_pixbuf.raw_ptr(d_pos.y) + d_pos.x;
-				nana::pixel_rgb_t * s_rgb = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(s_r.y) + s_r.x;
+				auto d_rgb = d_pixbuf.raw_ptr(d_pos.y) + d_pos.x;
+				auto s_rgb = s_pixbuf.raw_ptr(s_r.y) + s_r.x;

 				if(d_rgb && s_rgb)
 				{
-					unsigned char* tablebuf = detail::alloc_fade_table(fade_rate);//new unsigned char[0x100 * 2];
-					unsigned char* d_table = tablebuf;
+					auto ptr = detail::alloc_fade_table(fade_rate);//new unsigned char[0x100 * 2];
+
+					unsigned char* d_table = ptr.get();
 					unsigned char* s_table = d_table + 0x100;

 					const unsigned rest = s_r.width & 0x3;
 					const unsigned length_align4 = s_r.width - rest;

-					std::size_t d_step_bytes = d_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_rgb_t);
-					std::size_t s_step_bytes = s_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_rgb_t);
+					std::size_t d_step_bytes = d_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_argb_t);
+					std::size_t s_step_bytes = s_pixbuf.bytes_per_line() - (s_r.width - rest) * sizeof(pixel_argb_t);
 					for(unsigned line = 0; line < s_r.height; ++line)
 					{
-						pixel_rgb_t* end = d_rgb + length_align4;
+						const auto end = d_rgb + length_align4;
 						for(; d_rgb < end; d_rgb += 4, s_rgb += 4)
 						{
 							//0
-							d_rgb[0].u.element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].u.element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[0].u.element.red]);
-							d_rgb[0].u.element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].u.element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[0].u.element.green]);
-							d_rgb[0].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].u.element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[0].u.element.blue]);
+							d_rgb[0].element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[0].element.red]);
+							d_rgb[0].element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[0].element.green]);
+							d_rgb[0].element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[0].element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[0].element.blue]);

 							//1
-							d_rgb[1].u.element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].u.element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[1].u.element.red]);
-							d_rgb[1].u.element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].u.element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[1].u.element.green]);
-							d_rgb[1].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].u.element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[1].u.element.blue]);
+							d_rgb[1].element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[1].element.red]);
+							d_rgb[1].element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[1].element.green]);
+							d_rgb[1].element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[1].element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[1].element.blue]);

 							//2
-							d_rgb[2].u.element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].u.element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[2].u.element.red]);
-							d_rgb[2].u.element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].u.element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[2].u.element.green]);
-							d_rgb[2].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].u.element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[2].u.element.blue]);
+							d_rgb[2].element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[2].element.red]);
+							d_rgb[2].element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[2].element.green]);
+							d_rgb[2].element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[2].element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[2].element.blue]);

 							//3
-							d_rgb[3].u.element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].u.element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[3].u.element.red]);
-							d_rgb[3].u.element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].u.element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[3].u.element.green]);
-							d_rgb[3].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].u.element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[3].u.element.blue]);
+							d_rgb[3].element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[3].element.red]);
+							d_rgb[3].element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[3].element.green]);
+							d_rgb[3].element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[3].element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[3].element.blue]);
 						}

 						for(unsigned i = 0; i < rest; ++i)
 						{
-							d_rgb[i].u.element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].u.element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[i].u.element.red]);
-							d_rgb[i].u.element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].u.element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[i].u.element.green]);
-							d_rgb[i].u.element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].u.element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[i].u.element.blue]);
+							d_rgb[i].element.red = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].element.red] + s_table[s_rgb[i].element.red]);
+							d_rgb[i].element.green = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].element.green] + s_table[s_rgb[i].element.green]);
+							d_rgb[i].element.blue = unsigned(d_table[d_rgb[i].element.blue] + s_table[s_rgb[i].element.blue]);
 						}
 						d_rgb = pixel_at(d_rgb, d_step_bytes);
 						s_rgb = pixel_at(s_rgb, s_step_bytes);
 					}
-					detail::free_fade_table(tablebuf);
 				}
 			}
 		};
@@ -405,19 +405,23 @@ namespace detail
 		class bresenham_line
 			: public image_process::line_interface
 		{
-			virtual void process(paint::pixel_buffer & pixbuf, const nana::point& pos_beg, const nana::point& pos_end, nana::color_t color, double fade_rate) const
+			virtual void process(paint::pixel_buffer & pixbuf, const nana::point& pos_beg, const nana::point& pos_end, const ::nana::color& clr, double fade_rate) const
 			{
+				auto rgb_color = clr.px_color().value;
 				const std::size_t bytes_pl = pixbuf.bytes_per_line();
+				
 				unsigned char * fade_table = nullptr;
-				nana::pixel_rgb_t rgb_imd;
+				std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> autoptr;
+				nana::pixel_argb_t rgb_imd;
 				if(fade_rate != 0.0)
 				{
-					fade_table = detail::alloc_fade_table(1 - fade_rate);
-					rgb_imd.u.color = color;
+					autoptr = detail::alloc_fade_table(1 - fade_rate);
+					fade_table = autoptr.get();
+					rgb_imd.value = rgb_color;
 					rgb_imd = detail::fade_color_intermedia(rgb_imd, fade_table);
 				}

-				nana::pixel_rgb_t * i = pixel_at(pixbuf.raw_ptr(0), pos_beg.y * bytes_pl) + pos_beg.x;
+				auto i = pixel_at(pixbuf.raw_ptr(0), pos_beg.y * bytes_pl) + pos_beg.x;

 				auto delta = pos_end - pos_beg;
 				
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ namespace detail

 				if(delta.x == delta.y)
 				{
-					step_bytes += sizeof(pixel_rgb_t);
+					step_bytes += sizeof(pixel_argb_t);
 					++delta.x;

 					if(fade_table)
@@ -447,7 +451,7 @@ namespace detail
 					{
 						for(int x = 0; x < delta.x; ++x)
 						{
-							i->u.color = color;
+							i->value = rgb_color;
 							i = pixel_at(i, step_bytes);
 						}			
 					}
@@ -479,7 +483,7 @@ namespace detail
 						{
 							for(int x = 0; x < delta.x; ++x)
 							{
-								i->u.color = color;
+								i->value = rgb_color;
 								if(error >= 0)
 								{
 									error -= dx_2;
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ namespace detail
 						{
 							for (int y = 0; y < delta.y; ++y)
 							{
-								i->u.color = color;
+								i->value = rgb_color;
 								if(error >= 0)
 								{
 									error -= dy_2;
@@ -525,8 +529,6 @@ namespace detail
 						}
 					}
 				}
-
-				detail::free_fade_table(fade_table);
 			}
 		};

@@ -579,20 +581,20 @@ namespace detail
 					{
 						for(int i = - radius; i <= radius; ++i)
 						{
-							nana::pixel_rgb_t px = linepix[(i > 0 ? i : 0)];
-							sum_r += px.u.element.red;
-							sum_g += px.u.element.green;
-							sum_b += px.u.element.blue;
+							auto px = linepix[(i > 0 ? i : 0)];
+							sum_r += px.element.red;
+							sum_g += px.element.green;
+							sum_b += px.element.blue;
 						}					
 					}
 					else
 					{
 						for(int i = - radius; i <= radius; ++i)
 						{
-							nana::pixel_rgb_t px = linepix[std::min(wm, (i > 0 ? i : 0))];
-							sum_r += px.u.element.red;
-							sum_g += px.u.element.green;
-							sum_b += px.u.element.blue;
+							auto px = linepix[std::min(wm, (i > 0 ? i : 0))];
+							sum_r += px.element.red;
+							sum_g += px.element.green;
+							sum_b += px.element.blue;
 						}
 					}

@@ -608,12 +610,12 @@ namespace detail
 							vmax[x] = std::max(x - radius, 0);
 						}

-						nana::pixel_rgb_t p1 = linepix[vmin[x]];
-						nana::pixel_rgb_t p2 = linepix[vmax[x]];
+						auto p1 = linepix[vmin[x]];
+						auto p2 = linepix[vmax[x]];

-						sum_r += p1.u.element.red - p2.u.element.red;
-						sum_g += p1.u.element.green - p2.u.element.green;
-						sum_b += p1.u.element.blue - p2.u.element.blue;
+						sum_r += p1.element.red - p2.element.red;
+						sum_g += p1.element.green - p2.element.green;
+						sum_b += p1.element.blue - p2.element.blue;
 						++yi;
 					}
 					linepix = pixbuf.raw_ptr(area.y + y) + area.x;
@@ -649,7 +651,7 @@ namespace detail

 					for(int y = 0; y < h; ++y)
 					{
-						linepix->u.color = 0xFF000000 | (dv[sum_r] << 16) | (dv[sum_g] << 8) | dv[sum_b];
+						linepix->value = 0xFF000000 | (dv[sum_r] << 16) | (dv[sum_g] << 8) | dv[sum_b];
 						if(x == 0)
 						{
 							vmin[y] = std::min(y + radius + 1, hm) * w;
--- a/include/nana/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/detail/native_paint_interface.hpp
@@ -21,20 +21,20 @@ namespace detail
 {
 	nana::size drawable_size(drawable_type);

-	unsigned char * alloc_fade_table(double fade_rate);
+	std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> alloc_fade_table(double fade_rate);
 	void free_fade_table(const unsigned char*);

 	//color = bgcolor * fade_rate + fgcolor * (1 - fade_rate);
-	nana::pixel_rgb_t fade_color(nana::pixel_rgb_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_rgb_t fgcolor, double fade_rate);
-	nana::pixel_rgb_t fade_color(nana::pixel_rgb_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_rgb_t fgcolor, const unsigned char* const fade_table);
-	nana::pixel_rgb_t fade_color_intermedia(nana::pixel_rgb_t fgcolor, const unsigned char* fade_table);
-	nana::pixel_rgb_t fade_color_by_intermedia(nana::pixel_rgb_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_rgb_t fgcolor_intermedia, const unsigned char* const fade_table);
+	//nana::pixel_color_t fade_color(nana::pixel_color_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_color_t fgcolor, double fade_rate);	//deprecated
+	nana::pixel_color_t fade_color(nana::pixel_color_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_color_t fgcolor, const unsigned char* const fade_table);
+	nana::pixel_color_t fade_color_intermedia(pixel_color_t fgcolor, const unsigned char* fade_table);
+	nana::pixel_color_t fade_color_by_intermedia(pixel_color_t bgcolor, nana::pixel_color_t fgcolor_intermedia, const unsigned char* const fade_table);

-	void blend(drawable_type dw, const nana::rectangle& r, nana::color_t, double fade_rate);
+	void blend(drawable_type dw, const nana::rectangle& r, pixel_color_t, double fade_rate);

 	nana::size raw_text_extent_size(drawable_type, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len);
 	nana::size text_extent_size(drawable_type, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len);
-	void draw_string(drawable_type, int x, int y, const nana::char_t *, std::size_t len);
+	void draw_string(drawable_type, const nana::point&, const nana::char_t *, std::size_t len);
 }//end namespace detail
 }//end namespace paint
 }//end namespace nana
--- a/include/nana/paint/gadget.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/gadget.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Graphics Gadget Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -21,14 +22,8 @@ namespace paint
 {
 namespace gadget
 {
-	struct directions
-	{
-		enum t{to_east, to_southeast, to_south, to_southwest, to_west, to_northwest, to_north, to_northeast};
-	};
-
-	void arrow_16_pixels(nana::paint::graphics&, int x, int y, unsigned color, uint32_t style, directions::t direction);
-	void close_16_pixels(nana::paint::graphics&, int x, int y, uint32_t style, uint32_t color);
-	void cross(nana::paint::graphics&, int x, int y, uint32_t size, uint32_t thickness, nana::color_t color);
+	void close_16_pixels(::nana::paint::graphics&, int x, int y, unsigned style, const color&);
+	void cross(::nana::paint::graphics&, int x, int y, unsigned size, unsigned thickness, const nana::color&);

 }//end namespace gadget
 	
--- a/include/nana/paint/graphics.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/graphics.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Paint Graphics Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -73,7 +74,6 @@ namespace nana
 			typedef ::nana::native_window_type native_window_type;

 			graphics();
-			graphics(unsigned width, unsigned height);   ///< size in pixel
 			graphics(const ::nana::size&);                 ///< size in pixel
 			graphics(const graphics&);      ///< the resource is not copyed, the two graphics objects refer to the *SAME* resource
 			graphics& operator=(const graphics&);
@@ -84,9 +84,10 @@ namespace nana
 			drawable_type handle() const;
 			const void* pixmap() const;
 			const void* context() const;
-			void make(unsigned width, unsigned height);       ///< Creates a bitmap resource that size is width by height in pixel
-			void resize(unsigned width, unsigned height);
-			void typeface(const font&);                       ///< Selects a specified font type into the graphics object.
+
+			void make(const ::nana::size&);					///< Creates a bitmap resource that size is width by height in pixel
+			void resize(const ::nana::size&);
+			void typeface(const font&);						///< Selects a specified font type into the graphics object.
 			font typeface() const;
 			::nana::size	text_extent_size(const char_t*) const;    ///< Computes the width and height of the specified string of text.
 			::nana::size	text_extent_size(const string&) const;    ///< Computes the width and height of the specified string of text.
@@ -99,27 +100,7 @@ namespace nana

 			bool text_metrics(unsigned & ascent, unsigned& descent, unsigned& internal_leading) const;

-			unsigned bidi_string(int x, int y, color_t, const char_t *, std::size_t len);
-			void string(int x, int y, color_t, const ::nana::string&, std::size_t len);
-			void string(int x, int y, color_t, const ::nana::string&);
-			void string(int x, int y, color_t, const char_t*, std::size_t len);
-			void string(int x, int y, color_t, const char_t*);
-
-			void set_pixel(int x, int y, color_t);
-			void rectangle(int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, color_t, bool solid);
-			void rectangle(color_t, bool solid);
-			void rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, color_t, bool solid);
-			void rectangle_line(const ::nana::rectangle&, color_t left, color_t top, color_t right, color_t bottom);
-			void round_rectangle(int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned radius_x, unsigned radius_y, color_t, bool solid, color_t color_if_solid);
-			void round_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, unsigned radius_x, unsigned radius_y, color_t, bool solid, color_t color_if_solid);
-			void shadow_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, color_t beg_color, color_t end_color, bool vertical);
-			void shadow_rectangle(int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, color_t beg_color, color_t end_color, bool vertical); ///< Draws a width and height rectangle at (x, y) and the color in range of [begin, end]
-
-			void line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, color_t);     ///<  Draws a line from point (x1, y1) to point (x2, y2) in the specified color.
-			void line(const point& beg, const point& end, color_t);
-			void lines(const point* points, std::size_t n_of_points, color_t);
 			void line_begin(int x, int y);
-			void line_to(int x, int y, color_t);

 			void bitblt(int x, int y, const graphics& source);     ///<   Transfers the source to the specified point.
 			void bitblt(const ::nana::rectangle& r_dst, native_window_type src);  ///< Transfers the color data corresponding to r_dst from the src window to this graphics.
@@ -128,7 +109,6 @@ namespace nana
 			void bitblt(const ::nana::rectangle& r_dst, const graphics& src, const point& p_src);///< Transfers the color data corresponding to r_dst from the src graphics at point p_src to this graphics.

 			void blend(const ::nana::rectangle& s_r, graphics& dst, const point& d_pos, double fade_rate) const;///< blends with the dst object.
-			void blend(const ::nana::rectangle& r, color_t, double fade_rate);      ///< blends the specifed block width the specified color.

 			void blur(const ::nana::rectangle& r, std::size_t radius);      ///< Blur process.

@@ -140,7 +120,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void rgb_to_wb();   ///< Transform a color graphics into black&white.

 			void stretch(const ::nana::rectangle& src_r, graphics& dst, const ::nana::rectangle& r) const;
-			void stretch(graphics& dst, const ::nana::rectangle& r) const;
+			void stretch(graphics& dst, const ::nana::rectangle&) const;

 			void flush();

@@ -151,7 +131,34 @@ namespace nana
 			void release();
 			void save_as_file(const char*);

-			static color_t mix(color_t colorX, color_t colorY, double persent);
+			void set_color(const ::nana::color&);
+			void set_text_color(const ::nana::color&);
+
+			unsigned bidi_string(const nana::point&, const char_t *, std::size_t len);
+
+			void blend(const ::nana::rectangle& r, const ::nana::color&, double fade_rate);
+
+			void set_pixel(int x, int y, const ::nana::color&);
+			void set_pixel(int x, int y);
+
+			void string(point, const char_t*, std::size_t len);
+			void string(const point&, const char_t*);
+			void string(const point&, const ::nana::string&);
+			void string(const point&, const ::nana::string&, const color&);
+
+			void line(const point&, const point&);
+			void line(const point&, const point&, const color&);
+			void line_to(const point&, const color&);
+			void line_to(const point&);
+
+			void rectangle(bool solid);
+			void rectangle(bool solid, const color&);
+			void rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, bool solid);
+			void rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, bool solid, const color&);
+			void frame_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, const color& left, const color& top, const color& right, const color& bottom);
+
+			void gradual_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, const color& from, const color& to, bool vertical);
+			void round_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, unsigned radius_x, unsigned radius_y, const color&, bool solid, const color& color_if_solid);
 		private:
 			std::shared_ptr< ::nana::detail::drawable_impl_type> dwptr_;
 			font			font_shadow_;
--- a/include/nana/paint/image_process_interface.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/image_process_interface.hpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace nana
 			class stretch_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~stretch_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~stretch_interface() = default;
                    /// Copies the image from a source rectangle into a destination rectangle, stretching or compressing the image to fit the dimensions of the destination rectangle in destination(d_pixbuf). 
 				virtual void process(const paint::pixel_buffer & s_pixbuf, 
                                      const nana::rectangle& source_rectangle, 
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ namespace nana
 			class alpha_blend_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~alpha_blend_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~alpha_blend_interface() = default;
 				virtual void process(const paint::pixel_buffer& s_pixbuf, const nana::rectangle& s_r, paint::pixel_buffer& d_pixbuf, const point& d_pos) const = 0;
 			};
                    /// The interface of a blend algorithm.
 			class blend_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~blend_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~blend_interface() = default;
                    /// \brief  Blends two images with specified area and blend rate.
                    ///
                    /// Semantics: \code  dest_pixbuf = dest_pixbuf * fade_rate + scr_pixbuf * (1 - fade_rate); \endcode 
@@ -59,16 +59,16 @@ namespace nana
 			class line_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~line_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~line_interface() = default;

 				    /// \brief   Draws a line 
                    ///
                    /// Semantics: \code    pixbuf = pixbuf * (1 - fade_rate) + color * fade_rate    \endcode 
                    /// The two points are calculated by Nana, they are always valid, and pos_beg.x <= pos_end.x
 				virtual void process(paint::pixel_buffer & pixbuf, 
-                                      const nana::point& pos_beg,    ///<  left point
-                                      const nana::point& pos_end,    ///<  right point 
-                                      nana::color_t color, 
+                                      const point& pos_beg,    ///<  left point
+                                      const point& pos_end,    ///<  right point 
+                                      const ::nana::color&, 
                                      double fade_rate              ///< blend rate in the range of [0, 1] If not 0, the line is blended to the pixbuf
                                      ) const = 0;
 			};
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace nana
 			class blur_interface
 			{
 			public:
-				virtual ~blur_interface() = 0;
+				virtual ~blur_interface() = default;
 				virtual void process(paint::pixel_buffer&, const nana::rectangle& r, std::size_t radius) const = 0;
 			};
 		}
--- a/include/nana/paint/pixel_buffer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/pixel_buffer.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Pixel Buffer Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -19,14 +20,14 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 {
 	///@brief	Seek a pixel address by using offset bytes
 	///@return	the specified pixel address
-	inline pixel_rgb_t * pixel_at(pixel_rgb_t * p, std::size_t bytes)
+	inline pixel_color_t * pixel_at(pixel_color_t * p, std::size_t bytes)
 	{
-		return reinterpret_cast<pixel_rgb_t*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p) + bytes);
+		return reinterpret_cast<pixel_color_t*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p)+bytes);
 	}

-	inline const pixel_rgb_t * pixel_at(const pixel_rgb_t * p, std::size_t bytes)
+	inline const pixel_color_t * pixel_at(const pixel_color_t * p, std::size_t bytes)
 	{
-		return reinterpret_cast<const pixel_rgb_t*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p) + bytes);
+		return reinterpret_cast<const pixel_color_t*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p)+bytes);
 	}

 	class pixel_buffer
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 		struct pixel_buffer_storage;
 		typedef bool (pixel_buffer:: * unspecified_bool_t)() const;
 	public:
-		pixel_buffer();
+		pixel_buffer() = default;
 		pixel_buffer(drawable_type, const nana::rectangle& want_rectangle);
 		pixel_buffer(drawable_type, std::size_t top, std::size_t lines);
 		pixel_buffer(std::size_t width, std::size_t height);
@@ -60,20 +61,20 @@ namespace nana{	namespace paint
 		std::size_t bytes_per_line() const;
 		nana::size size() const;

-		pixel_rgb_t * at(const point& pos) const;
-		pixel_rgb_t * raw_ptr(std::size_t row) const;
-		pixel_rgb_t * operator[](std::size_t row) const;
+		pixel_color_t * at(const point& pos) const;
+		pixel_color_t * raw_ptr(std::size_t row) const;
+		pixel_color_t * operator[](std::size_t row) const;

 		void put(const unsigned char* rawbits, std::size_t width, std::size_t height, std::size_t bits_per_pixel, std::size_t bytes_per_line, bool is_negative);
 		
 		void line(const std::string& name);
-		void line(const nana::point& pos_beg, const nana::point& pos_end, nana::color_t color, double fade_rate);
+		void line(const ::nana::point& pos_beg, const ::nana::point& pos_end, const ::nana::color&, double fade_rate);

-		void rectangle(const nana::rectangle&, nana::color_t, double fade_rate, bool solid);
-		void shadow_rectangle(const nana::rectangle&, nana::color_t beg, nana::color_t end, double fade_rate, bool vertical);
+		void rectangle(const nana::rectangle&, const ::nana::color&, double fade_rate, bool solid);
+		void gradual_rectangle(const ::nana::rectangle&, const ::nana::color& from, const ::nana::color& to, double fade_rate, bool vertical);
 		
-		pixel_rgb_t pixel(int x, int y) const;
-		void pixel(int x, int y, pixel_rgb_t);
+		pixel_color_t pixel(int x, int y) const;
+		void pixel(int x, int y, pixel_color_t);

 		void paste(drawable_type, int x, int y) const;
 		void paste(const nana::rectangle& s_r, drawable_type, int x, int y) const;
--- a/include/nana/paint/text_renderer.hpp
+++ b/include/nana/paint/text_renderer.hpp
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ namespace nana
 			
 			text_renderer(graph_reference graph, align = align::left);

-			void render(int x, int y, nana::color_t, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len);
-			void render(int x, int y, nana::color_t, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned restricted_pixels, bool omitted);
-
-			void render(int x, int y, nana::color_t, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned restricted_pixels);
 			nana::size extent_size(int x, int y, const nana::char_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned restricted_pixels) const;
+
+			void render(const point&, const char_t*, std::size_t len);
+			void render(const point&, const char_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned restricted_pixels, bool omitted);
+			void render(const point&, const char_t*, std::size_t len, unsigned restricted_pixels);
 		private:
 			graph_reference graph_;
 			align text_align_;
--- a/source/basic_types.cpp
+++ b/source/basic_types.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,390 @@
 /*
 *	Basic Types definition
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
- *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
- *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
+ *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 *	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 *
 *	@file: nana/basic_types.cpp
 */

 #include <nana/basic_types.hpp>
+#include <regex>
+#include <algorithm>

 namespace nana
 {
+	//class color
+	color::color(colors clr)
+		: color((static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF0000) >> 16, (static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF00) >> 8, static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF)
+	{}
+
+	color::color(colors clr, double alpha)
+		: color((static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF0000) >> 16, (static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF00) >> 8, static_cast<unsigned>(clr)& 0xFF, alpha)
+	{}
+
+	color::color(color_rgb rgb)
+		:	r_((static_cast<int>(rgb) >> 16) & 0xFF),
+			g_((static_cast<int>(rgb) >> 8) & 0xFF),
+			b_(static_cast<int>(rgb) & 0xFF),
+			a_(1.0)
+	{}
+
+	color::color(color_argb argb)
+		:	r_((static_cast<int>(argb) >> 16) & 0xFF),
+			g_((static_cast<int>(argb) >> 8) & 0xFF),
+			b_(static_cast<int>(argb) & 0xFF),
+			a_(((static_cast<int>(argb) >> 24) & 0xFF) / 255.0)
+	{}
+
+	color::color(color_rgba rgba)
+		:	r_((static_cast<int>(rgba) >> 24) & 0xFF),
+			g_((static_cast<int>(rgba) >> 16) & 0xFF),
+			b_((static_cast<int>(rgba) >> 8) & 0xFF),
+			a_((static_cast<int>(rgba) & 0xFF) / 255.0)
+	{}
+
+	color::color(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue)
+		: r_(red), g_(green), b_(blue), a_(1.0)
+	{
+	}
+
+	color::color(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue, double alpha)
+		: r_(red), g_(green), b_(blue), a_(alpha)
+	{
+		if (alpha < 0.0)
+			a_ = 0.0;
+		else if (alpha > 1.0)
+			a_ = 1.0;
+	}
+
+	//Initializes the color with a CSS-like string
+	//contributor: BigDave(mortis2007 at hotmail co uk)
+	//date: February 3, 2015
+	//maintainor: Jinhao, extended the support of CSS-spec
+	color::color(std::string css_color)
+		: a_(1.0)
+	{
+		const char * excpt_what = "color: invalid rgb format";
+
+		auto pos = css_color.find_first_not_of(' ');
+		if (pos == css_color.npos)
+			throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+		if ('#' == css_color[pos])
+		{
+			if (css_color.size() < pos + 4)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			auto endpos = css_color.find_first_not_of("0123456789abcdefABCDEF", pos + 1);
+			if (endpos == css_color.npos)
+				endpos = static_cast<decltype(endpos)>(css_color.size());
+			
+			if ((endpos - pos != 4) && (endpos - pos != 7))
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			auto n = ::nana::stoi(css_color.substr(pos + 1, endpos - pos - 1), nullptr, 16);
+
+			if (endpos - pos == 4)
+			{
+				r_ = ((0xF00 & n) >> 4) | ((0xF00 & n) >> 8);
+				g_ = (0xF0 & n) | ((0xF0 & n) >> 4);
+				b_ = (0xF & n) | ((0xF & n) << 4);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				r_ = (0xFF0000 & n) >> 16;
+				g_ = (0xFF00 & n) >> 8;
+				b_ = (0xFF & n);
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		//std::tolower is not allowed because of concept requirements
+		std::transform(css_color.begin(), css_color.end(), css_color.begin(), [](char ch){
+			if('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')
+				return static_cast<char>(ch - ('A' - 'a'));
+			return ch;
+		});
+		auto endpos = css_color.find(' ', pos + 1);
+		if (endpos == css_color.npos)
+			endpos = css_color.size();
+
+		if ((endpos - pos == 11) && (css_color.substr(pos, 11) == "transparent"))
+		{
+			r_ = 0;
+			g_ = 0;
+			b_ = 0;
+			a_ = 0;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		auto type_end = css_color.find_first_of(" (", pos + 1);
+
+		if (type_end == css_color.npos || ((type_end - pos != 3) && (type_end - pos != 4)))	//rgb/hsl = 3, rgba/hsla = 4
+			throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+		bool has_alpha = false;
+		if (type_end - pos == 4) //maybe rgba/hsla
+		{
+			if (css_color[pos + 3] != 'a')
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+			has_alpha = true;
+		}
+
+		std::regex pat;
+		std::regex_iterator<std::string::iterator> i, end;
+		auto type_name = css_color.substr(pos, 3);
+		if ("rgb" == type_name)
+		{
+			pat.assign("(\\d*\\.)?\\d+\\%?");
+			i = std::regex_iterator<std::string::iterator>(css_color.begin() + pos, css_color.end(), pat);
+
+			if (i == end)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+			
+			std::vector<std::string> rgb;
+
+			rgb.emplace_back(i->str());
+
+			const bool is_real = (rgb.back().back() == '%');
+			pat.assign(is_real ? "(\\d*\\.)?\\d+\\%" : "\\d+");
+
+			for (++i; i != end; ++i)
+			{
+				rgb.emplace_back(i->str());
+				if (rgb.size() == 3)
+					break;
+			}
+
+			if (rgb.size() != 3)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			if (is_real)
+			{
+				auto pr = ::nana::stod(rgb[0].substr(0, rgb[0].size() - 1));
+				r_ = (pr > 100 ? 255.0 : 2.55 * pr);
+
+				pr = ::nana::stod(rgb[1].substr(0, rgb[1].size() - 1));
+				g_ = (pr > 100 ? 255.0 : 2.55 * pr);
+
+				pr = ::nana::stod(rgb[2].substr(0, rgb[2].size() - 1));
+				b_ = (pr > 100 ? 255.0 : 2.55 * pr);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				r_ = ::nana::stod(rgb[0]);
+				if (r_ > 255.0)	r_ = 255;
+
+				g_ = ::nana::stod(rgb[1]);
+				if (g_ > 255.0)	g_ = 255;
+
+				b_ = ::nana::stod(rgb[2]);
+				if (b_ > 255.0)	b_ = 255;
+			}
+		}
+		else if ("hsl" == type_name)
+		{
+			pat.assign("(\\d*\\.)?\\d+");
+			i = std::regex_iterator<std::string::iterator>(css_color.begin() + pos, css_color.end(), pat);
+
+			if (i == end)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			auto h = ::nana::stod(i->str());
+
+			pat.assign("(\\d*\\.)?\\d+\\%");
+
+			if (++i == end)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			auto str = i->str();
+			auto s = ::nana::stod(str.substr(0, str.size() - 1));
+
+			if (++i == end)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);
+
+			str = i->str();
+			auto l = ::nana::stod(str.substr(0, str.size() - 1));
+
+			from_hsl(h, s / 100, l / 100);
+		}
+		else
+			throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);	//invalid color type
+
+		if (has_alpha)
+		{
+			pat.assign("(\\d*\\.)?\\d+");
+			if (++i == end)
+				throw std::invalid_argument(excpt_what);	//invalid alpha value
+			a_ = ::nana::stod(i->str());
+		}
+	}
+
+	color& color::from_rgb(unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue)
+	{
+		r_ = red;
+		g_ = green;
+		b_ = blue;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	double rgb_from_hue(double v1, double v2, double h)
+	{
+		if (h < 0.0)
+			h += 1.0;
+		else if (h > 1.0)
+			h -= 1.0;
+
+		if (h < 0.1666666) return v1 + (v2 - v1) * (6.0 * h);
+		if (h < 0.5) return v2;
+		if (h < 0.6666666) return v1 + (v2 - v1) * (4.0 - h * 6.0);
+		return v1;
+	}
+
+	color& color::from_hsl(double hue, double saturation, double lightness)
+	{
+		if (0.0 == saturation)
+		{
+			r_ = lightness * 255.0;
+			g_ = r_;
+			b_ = r_;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			double var2;
+			if (lightness < 0.5)
+				var2 = lightness * (1.0 + saturation);
+			else
+				var2 = (lightness + saturation) - (saturation * lightness);
+
+			double var1 = 2.0 * lightness - var2;
+
+			hue /= 360;
+			r_ = 255.0 * rgb_from_hue(var1, var2, hue + 0.33333);
+			g_ = 255.0 * rgb_from_hue(var1, var2, hue);
+			b_ = 255.0 * rgb_from_hue(var1, var2, hue - 0.33333);
+		}
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	color& color::alpha(double al)
+	{
+		if (al < 0.0)
+			a_ = 0.0;
+		else if (al > 1.0)
+			a_ = 1.0;
+		else
+			a_ = al;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	color color::blend(const color& bgcolor, bool ignore_bgcolor_alpha) const
+	{
+		if (a_ < 1.0)
+		{
+			color result;
+			if (0.0 < a_)
+			{
+				if (ignore_bgcolor_alpha || (1.0 == bgcolor.b_))
+				{
+					result.r_ = r_ * a_ + bgcolor.r_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.g_ = g_ * a_ + bgcolor.g_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.b_ = b_ * a_ + bgcolor.b_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.a_ = 1.0;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					result.r_ = r_ * a_ + bgcolor.r_ * bgcolor.a_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.g_ = g_ * a_ + bgcolor.g_ * bgcolor.a_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.b_ = b_ * a_ + bgcolor.b_ * bgcolor.a_ * (1.0 - a_);
+					result.a_ = a_ + (bgcolor.a_ * (1.0 - a_));
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				result.r_ = bgcolor.r_;
+				result.g_ = bgcolor.g_;
+				result.b_ = bgcolor.b_;
+				result.a_ = (ignore_bgcolor_alpha ? 1.0 : bgcolor.a_);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	color color::blend(const color& bgcolor, double alpha) const
+	{
+		color result;
+		result.r_ = r_ * alpha + bgcolor.r_ * (1.0 - alpha);
+		result.g_ = g_ * alpha + bgcolor.g_ * (1.0 - alpha);
+		result.b_ = b_ * alpha + bgcolor.b_ * (1.0 - alpha);
+		result.a_ = 1.0;
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	bool color::invisible() const
+	{
+		return (a_ == 0.0);
+	}
+
+	pixel_color_t color::px_color() const
+	{
+		return argb();
+	}
+
+	pixel_argb_t color::argb() const
+	{
+		pixel_argb_t argb;
+		argb.element.red = static_cast<unsigned>(r_);
+		argb.element.green = static_cast<unsigned>(g_);
+		argb.element.blue = static_cast<unsigned>(b_);
+		argb.element.alpha_channel = static_cast<unsigned>(a_ * 255);
+		return argb;
+	}
+
+	pixel_rgba_t color::rgba() const
+	{
+		pixel_rgba_t rgba;
+		rgba.element.red = static_cast<unsigned>(r_);
+		rgba.element.green = static_cast<unsigned>(g_);
+		rgba.element.blue = static_cast<unsigned>(b_);
+		rgba.element.alpha_channel = static_cast<unsigned>(a_ * 255);
+		return rgba;
+	}
+
+	const double& color::r() const
+	{
+		return r_;
+	}
+	const double& color::g() const
+	{
+		return g_;
+	}
+	const double& color::b() const
+	{
+		return b_;
+	}
+
+	const double& color::a() const
+	{
+		return a_;
+	}
+
+	bool color::operator==(const color& other) const
+	{
+		return (px_color().value == other.px_color().value);
+	}
+	bool color::operator!=(const color& other) const
+	{
+		return (px_color().value != other.px_color().value);
+	}
+
+	//end class color
 	//struct point
 		point::point():x(0), y(0){}
 		point::point(int x, int y):x(x), y(y){}
@@ -119,7 +491,7 @@ namespace nana

 	//struct size
 		size::size():width(0), height(0){}
-		size::size(unsigned width, unsigned height):width(width), height(height){}
+		size::size(value_type width, value_type height) : width(width), height(height){}
 		size::size(const rectangle& r)
 			: width(r.width), height(r.height)
 		{}
--- a/source/deploy.cpp
+++ b/source/deploy.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 /*
 *	The Deploy Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
- *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
- *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
+ *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 *	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 *
 *	@file: nana/depoly.cpp
@@ -12,7 +13,8 @@
 */

 #include <nana/deploy.hpp>
-
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
 #elif defined(NANA_LINUX)
@@ -46,7 +48,89 @@ namespace nana
 		return ::wcscpy(dest, source);
 #else
 		return ::strcpy(dest, source);
-#endif	
+#endif
+	}
+
+	int stoi(const std::string& str, std::size_t * pos, int base)
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_MINGW)
+		auto sptr = str.c_str();
+		char *end;
+		errno = 0;
+		auto result = std::strtol(sptr, &end, base);
+
+		if (sptr == end)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("invalid stoi argument");
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			throw std::out_of_range("stoi argument out of range");
+
+		if (pos)
+			*pos = (std::size_t)(end - sptr);
+		return ((int)result);
+#else
+		return std::stoi(str, pos, base);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	int stoi(const std::wstring& str, std::size_t* pos, int base)
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_MINGW)
+		auto sptr = str.data();
+		wchar_t *end;
+		errno = 0;
+		auto result = std::wcstol(sptr, &end, base);
+
+		if (sptr == end)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("invalid stoi argument");
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			throw std::out_of_range("stoi argument out of range");
+
+		if (pos)
+			*pos = (std::size_t)(end - sptr);
+		return ((int)result);
+#else
+		return std::stoi(str, pos, base);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	double stod(const std::string& str, std::size_t * pos)
+	{
+#ifdef NANA_MINGW
+		auto *ptr = str.data();
+		errno = 0;
+		char *end;
+		auto result = std::strtod(ptr, &end);
+
+		if (ptr == end)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("invalid stod argument");
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			throw std::out_of_range("stod argument out of range");
+		if (pos)
+			*pos = (std::size_t)(end - ptr);
+		return result;
+#else
+		return std::stod(str, pos);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	double stod(const std::wstring& str, std::size_t* pos)
+	{
+#ifdef NANA_MINGW
+		auto *ptr = str.data();
+		errno = 0;
+		wchar_t *end;
+		auto result = std::wcstod(ptr, &end);
+
+		if (ptr == end)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("invalid stod argument");
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			throw std::out_of_range("stod argument out of range");
+		if (pos)
+			*pos = (std::size_t)(end - ptr);
+		return result;
+#else
+		return std::stod(str, pos);
+#endif
 	}

 	bool is_incomplete(const nana::string& str, unsigned pos)
--- a/source/detail/linux_X11/platform_spec.cpp
+++ b/source/detail/linux_X11/platform_spec.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <nana/paint/graphics.hpp>
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/basic_window.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -301,31 +301,95 @@ namespace detail
 #endif
 	}

-	void drawable_impl_type::fgcolor(unsigned color)
+	void drawable_impl_type::set_color(const ::nana::color& clr)
 	{
-		if(color == fgcolor_)
-			return;
+		color_ = clr.px_color().value;
+	}

-		auto & spec = nana::detail::platform_spec::instance();
-		platform_scope_guard psg;
+	void drawable_impl_type::set_text_color(const ::nana::color& clr)
+	{
+		text_color_ = clr.px_color().value;
+		update_text_color();
+	}

-		fgcolor_ = color;
-		switch(spec.screen_depth())
+	void drawable_impl_type::update_color()
+	{
+		if (color_ != current_color_)
 		{
-		case 16:
-			color = ((((color >> 16) & 0xFF) * 31 / 255) << 11)	|
-					((((color >> 8) & 0xFF) * 63 / 255) << 5)	|
-					(color & 0xFF) * 31 / 255;
-			break;
+			auto & spec = nana::detail::platform_spec::instance();
+			platform_scope_guard lock;
+
+			current_color_ = color_;
+			auto col = color_;
+			switch (spec.screen_depth())
+			{
+			case 16:
+				col = ((((col >> 16) & 0xFF) * 31 / 255) << 11) |
+					((((col >> 8) & 0xFF) * 63 / 255) << 5) |
+					(col & 0xFF) * 31 / 255;
+				break;
+			}
+			::XSetForeground(spec.open_display(), context, col);
+			::XSetBackground(spec.open_display(), context, col);
 		}
-		::XSetForeground(spec.open_display(), context, color);
-		::XSetBackground(spec.open_display(), context, color);
+	}
+
+	void drawable_impl_type::update_text_color()
+	{
+		if (text_color_ != current_color_)
+		{
+			auto & spec = nana::detail::platform_spec::instance();
+			platform_scope_guard lock;
+
+			current_color_ = text_color_;
+			auto col = text_color_;
+			switch (spec.screen_depth())
+			{
+			case 16:
+				col = ((((col >> 16) & 0xFF) * 31 / 255) << 11) |
+					((((col >> 8) & 0xFF) * 63 / 255) << 5) |
+					(col & 0xFF) * 31 / 255;
+				break;
+			}
+			::XSetForeground(spec.open_display(), context, col);
+			::XSetBackground(spec.open_display(), context, col);
+
 #if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
-		xft_fgcolor.color.red = ((0xFF0000 & color) >> 16) * 0x101;
-		xft_fgcolor.color.green = ((0xFF00 & color) >> 8) * 0x101;
-		xft_fgcolor.color.blue = (0xFF & color) * 0x101;
-		xft_fgcolor.color.alpha = 0xFFFF;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.red = ((0xFF0000 & col) >> 16) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.green = ((0xFF00 & col) >> 8) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.blue = (0xFF & col) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.alpha = 0xFFFF;
 #endif
+		}
+	}
+
+	void drawable_impl_type::fgcolor(const ::nana::color& clr)
+	{
+		auto rgb = clr.px_color().value;
+
+		if (rgb != current_color_)
+		{
+			auto & spec = nana::detail::platform_spec::instance();
+			platform_scope_guard psg;
+
+			current_color_ = rgb;
+			switch(spec.screen_depth())
+			{
+			case 16:
+				rgb = ((((rgb >> 16) & 0xFF) * 31 / 255) << 11) |
+					((((rgb >> 8) & 0xFF) * 63 / 255) << 5)	|
+					(rgb & 0xFF) * 31 / 255;
+				break;
+			}
+			::XSetForeground(spec.open_display(), context, rgb);
+			::XSetBackground(spec.open_display(), context, rgb);
+#if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
+			xft_fgcolor.color.red = ((0xFF0000 & rgb) >> 16) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.green = ((0xFF00 & rgb) >> 8) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.blue = (0xFF & rgb) * 0x101;
+			xft_fgcolor.color.alpha = 0xFFFF;
+#endif
+		}
 	}

 	class font_deleter
@@ -652,7 +716,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return 0;
 	}

-	void platform_spec::caret_open(native_window_type wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
+	void platform_spec::caret_open(native_window_type wd, const ::nana::size& caret_sz)
 	{
 		bool is_start_routine = false;
 		platform_scope_guard psg;
@@ -731,12 +795,11 @@ namespace detail
 		}

 		addr->visible = false;
-		addr->graph.make(width, height);
-		addr->graph.rectangle(0x0, true);
-		addr->rev_graph.make(width, height);
+		addr->graph.make(caret_sz);
+		addr->graph.rectangle(true, colors::black);
+		addr->rev_graph.make(caret_sz);

-		addr->size.width = width;
-		addr->size.height = height;
+		addr->size = caret_sz;

 		if(addr->input_context && (false == addr->has_input_method_focus))
 		{
@@ -809,7 +872,7 @@ namespace detail
 		}
 	}

-	void platform_spec::caret_pos(native_window_type wd, int x, int y)
+	void platform_spec::caret_pos(native_window_type wd, const point& pos)
 	{
 		platform_scope_guard psg;
 		auto i = caret_holder_.carets.find(wd);
@@ -817,8 +880,7 @@ namespace detail
 		{
 			caret_tag & crt = *i->second;
 			caret_reinstate(crt);
-			crt.pos.x = x;
-			crt.pos.y = y;
+			crt.pos = pos;
 		}
 	}

@@ -1066,7 +1128,7 @@ namespace detail
 	const nana::paint::graphics& platform_spec::keep_window_icon(native_window_type wd, const nana::paint::image& img)
 	{
 		nana::paint::graphics & graph = iconbase_[wd];
-		graph.make(img.size().width, img.size().height);
+		graph.make(img.size());
 		img.paste(graph, 0, 0);
 		return graph;
 	}
--- a/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp
+++ b/source/detail/win32/platform_spec.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Platform Specification Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -21,17 +22,15 @@ namespace nana
 namespace detail
 {
 	drawable_impl_type::drawable_impl_type()
-		:	pixbuf_ptr(nullptr), bytes_per_line(0),
-			fgcolor_(0xFFFFFFFF)
 	{
 		pen.handle = nullptr;
-		pen.color = nana::null_color;
+		pen.color = 0xffffffff;
 		pen.style = -1;
 		pen.width = -1;

 		brush.handle = nullptr;
 		brush.style = brush_spec::Solid;
-		brush.color = nana::null_color;
+		brush.color = 0xffffffff;

 		round_region.handle = nullptr;
 		round_region.radius_x = round_region.radius_y = 0;
@@ -50,37 +49,69 @@ namespace detail
 		::DeleteObject(round_region.handle);
 	}

-	void drawable_impl_type::fgcolor(nana::color_t col)
+	void drawable_impl_type::fgcolor(const ::nana::color& clr)
 	{
-		if(this->fgcolor_ != col)
+		set_text_color(clr);
+	}
+
+	unsigned drawable_impl_type::get_color() const
+	{
+		return color_;
+	}
+
+	void drawable_impl_type::set_color(const ::nana::color& clr)
+	{
+		color_ = clr.px_color().value;
+	}
+
+	void drawable_impl_type::set_text_color(const ::nana::color& clr)
+	{
+		auto rgb = clr.px_color().value;
+		if (text_color_ != rgb)
 		{
-			::SetTextColor(context, NANA_RGB(col));
-			fgcolor_ = col;
+			::SetTextColor(context, NANA_RGB(rgb));
+			text_color_ = rgb;
 		}
 	}

-	void drawable_impl_type::pen_spec::set(HDC context, int style, int width, nana::color_t color)
+	void drawable_impl_type::update_pen()
 	{
-		if(this->color != color || this->width != width || this->style != style)
+		if (pen.color != color_)
 		{
-			this->color = color;
+			pen.handle = ::CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, NANA_RGB(color_));
+			::DeleteObject(::SelectObject(context, pen.handle));
+			pen.color = color_;
+		}
+	}
+
+	void drawable_impl_type::update_brush()
+	{
+		if (brush.color != color_)
+			brush.set(context, brush.style, color_);
+	}
+	
+	void drawable_impl_type::pen_spec::set(HDC context, int style, int width, unsigned clr)
+	{
+		if (this->color != clr || this->width != width || this->style != style)
+		{
+			this->color = clr;
 			this->width = width;
 			this->style = style;
-			this->handle = ::CreatePen(style, width, NANA_RGB(color));
+			this->handle = ::CreatePen(style, width, NANA_RGB(clr));
 			::DeleteObject(::SelectObject(context, this->handle));
 		}
 	}

-	void drawable_impl_type::brush_spec::set(HDC context, drawable_impl_type::brush_spec::t style, nana::color_t color)
+	void drawable_impl_type::brush_spec::set(HDC context, drawable_impl_type::brush_spec::t style, unsigned rgb)
 	{
-		if(this->color != color || this->style != style)
+		if (this->color != rgb || this->style != style)
 		{
-			this->color = color;
+			this->color = rgb;
 			this->style = style;
 			switch(style)
 			{
 			case brush_spec::HatchBDiagonal:
-				this->handle = ::CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL, NANA_RGB(color));
+				this->handle = ::CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL, NANA_RGB(rgb));
 				break;
 			case brush_spec::Solid:
 			default:
--- a/source/gui/basis.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/basis.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	Basis Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
--- a/source/gui/detail/basic_window.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/basic_window.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 					if(active)
 					{
-						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size_.width, size_.height);
+						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size_);
 						real_visible_state_ = false;
 						visible_ = false;
 						this->position(point_.x, point_.y);
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void caret_descriptor::effective_range(nana::rectangle rect)
 			{
 				//Chech rect
-				if(	(rect.width && rect.height) &&
-					(rect.x + rect.width > 0) &&
-					(rect.y + rect.height > 0))
+				if (rect.width && rect.height && rect.right() > 0 && rect.bottom() > 0)
 				{
 					if(rect.x < 0)
 					{
@@ -132,8 +130,8 @@ namespace nana
 					pos.y += effective_range_.y;
 				}

-				if(	(pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) <= rect.x) || (pos.x >= rect.x + static_cast<int>(rect.width)) ||
-					(pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) <= rect.y) || (pos.y >= rect.y + static_cast<int>(rect.height))
+				if(	(pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) <= rect.x) || (pos.x >= rect.right()) ||
+					(pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) <= rect.y) || (pos.y >= rect.bottom())
 					)
 				{//Out of Range without overlap
 					if(false == out_of_range_)
@@ -151,9 +149,9 @@ namespace nana
 						size.width -= (rect.x - pos.x);
 						pos.x = rect.x;
 					}
-					else if(pos.x + size.width > rect.x + rect.width)
+					else if(pos.x + static_cast<int>(size.width) > rect.right())
 					{
-						size.width -= pos.x + size.width - (rect.x + rect.width);
+						size.width -= pos.x + size.width - rect.right();
 					}

 					if(pos.y < rect.y)
@@ -161,8 +159,8 @@ namespace nana
 						size.width -= (rect.y - pos.y);
 						pos.y = rect.y;
 					}
-					else if(pos.y + size.height > rect.y + rect.height)
-						size.height -= pos.y + size.height - (rect.y + rect.height);
+					else if(pos.y + static_cast<int>(size.height) > rect.bottom())
+						size.height -= pos.y + size.height - rect.bottom();

 					if(out_of_range_)
 					{
@@ -175,7 +173,7 @@ namespace nana
 					if(paint_size_ != size)
 					{
 						native_interface::caret_destroy(wd_->root);
-						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size.width, size.height);
+						native_interface::caret_create(wd_->root, size);
 						real_visible_state_ = false;
 						if(visible_)
 							_m_visible(true);
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ namespace nana
 						paint_size_ = size;
 					}
 				
-					native_interface::caret_pos(wd_->root, wd_->pos_root.x + pos.x, wd_->pos_root.y + pos.y);
+					native_interface::caret_pos(wd_->root, wd_->pos_root + pos);
 				}
 			}
 		//end class caret_descriptor
@@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ namespace nana
 				: widget_ptr(wdg), other(category::root_tag::value)
 			{
 				drawer.bind(this);
-				_m_init_pos_and_size(0, rectangle());
+				_m_init_pos_and_size(nullptr, rectangle());
 				this->_m_initialize(owner);
 			}

@@ -294,16 +292,20 @@ namespace nana
 				return false;
 			}

+			bool basic_window::is_draw_through() const
+			{
+				if (::nana::category::flags::root == this->other.category)
+					return static_cast<bool>(other.attribute.root->draw_through);
+				return false;
+			}
+
 			void basic_window::_m_init_pos_and_size(basic_window* parent, const rectangle& r)
 			{
 				pos_owner = pos_root = r;
 				dimension = r;

-				if(parent)
-				{
-					pos_root.x += parent->pos_root.x;
-					pos_root.y += parent->pos_root.y;
-				}
+				if (parent)
+					pos_root += parent->pos_root;
 			}

 			void basic_window::_m_initialize(basic_window* agrparent)
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ namespace nana
 				}

 				predef_cursor = cursor::arrow;
-				flags.capture = false;
+				flags.captured = false;
 				flags.dbl_click = true;
 				flags.enabled = true;
 				flags.modal = false;
@@ -344,13 +346,10 @@ namespace nana
 				flags.refreshing = false;
 				flags.destroying = false;
 				flags.borderless = false;
+				flags.make_bground_declared = false;

 				visible = false;

-				color.foreground = 0x0;
-				color.background = nana::color::button_face;
-				color.active = 0x60C8FD;
-
 				effect.edge_nimbus = effects::edge_nimbus::none;
 				effect.bground = nullptr;
 				effect.bground_fade_rate = 0;
--- a/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/bedrock_pi.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Bedrock Platform-Independent Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
-*	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@

 #include <nana/config.hpp>
 #include PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock_pi_data.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/event_code.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -25,6 +25,20 @@

 namespace nana
 {
+	//class event_arg
+	event_arg::~event_arg(){}
+
+	void event_arg::stop_propagation() const
+	{
+		stop_propagation_ = true;
+	}
+	
+	bool event_arg::propagation_stopped() const
+	{
+		return stop_propagation_;
+	}
+	//end class event_arg
+
 	namespace detail
 	{
 		void events_operation_register(event_handle evt)
@@ -63,7 +77,7 @@ namespace nana
 				}

 				wd_manager.refresh_tree(wd);
-				wd_manager.map(wd);
+				wd_manager.map(wd, false);
 			}
 		}

@@ -120,7 +134,17 @@ namespace nana
 			}
 		}

-		void bedrock::_m_emit_core(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, bool draw_only, const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface& event_arg)
+		widget_colors& bedrock::get_scheme_template(scheme_factory_base&& factory)
+		{
+			return pi_data_->scheme.scheme_template(std::move(factory));
+		}
+
+		std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> bedrock::make_scheme(scheme_factory_base&& factory)
+		{
+			return pi_data_->scheme.create(std::move(factory));
+		}
+
+		void bedrock::_m_emit_core(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, bool draw_only, const ::nana::event_arg& event_arg)
 		{
 			switch (evt_code)
 			{
--- a/source/gui/detail/color_schemes.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/color_schemes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <nana/gui/detail/color_schemes.hpp>
+#include <map>
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	//class color_proxy
+		color_proxy::color_proxy(const color_proxy& other)
+			: color_(other.color_)
+		{}
+
+		color_proxy::color_proxy(color_rgb clr)
+			: color_(std::make_shared<color>(clr))
+		{}
+
+		color_proxy::color_proxy(colors clr)
+			: color_(std::make_shared<color>(clr))
+		{}
+
+		color_proxy& color_proxy::operator=(const color_proxy& other)
+		{
+			if (this != &other)
+				color_ = other.color_;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		color_proxy& color_proxy::operator=(const ::nana::color& clr)
+		{
+			color_ = std::make_shared<::nana::color>(clr);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		color_proxy& color_proxy::operator = (color_rgb clr)
+		{
+			color_ = std::make_shared<::nana::color>(clr);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		color_proxy& color_proxy::operator = (colors clr)
+		{
+			color_ = std::make_shared<::nana::color>(clr);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		color color_proxy::get_color() const
+		{
+			return *color_;
+		}
+
+		color_proxy::operator color() const
+		{
+			return *color_;
+		}
+	//end class color_proxy
+
+	namespace detail
+	{
+		//class color_schemes
+			struct color_schemes::implement
+			{
+				std::map<scheme_factory_base::factory_identifier*, std::unique_ptr<scheme>> scheme_template;
+			};
+
+			color_schemes::color_schemes()
+				: impl_(new implement)
+			{
+			}
+
+			color_schemes::~color_schemes()
+			{
+				delete impl_;
+			}
+
+			auto color_schemes::scheme_template(scheme_factory_base&& factory) -> scheme&
+			{
+				auto & tmpl_scheme = impl_->scheme_template[factory.get_id()];
+
+				//Creates a scheme template if no template
+				if (!tmpl_scheme)
+					factory.create().swap(tmpl_scheme);
+
+				return *tmpl_scheme.get();
+			}
+
+			std::unique_ptr<widget_colors> color_schemes::create(scheme_factory_base&& factory)
+			{
+				return factory.create(scheme_template(std::move(factory)));
+			}
+		//end class color_system
+	}//end namespace detail
+}//end namespace nana
--- a/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/drawer.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 */

 #include <nana/config.hpp>
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/drawer.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/dynamic_drawing_object.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp>
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ namespace nana
 			_m_emit(event_code::shortkey, arg, &drawer_trigger::shortkey);
 		}

-		void drawer::map(window wd)	//Copy the root buffer to screen
+		void drawer::map(window wd, bool forced)	//Copy the root buffer to screen
 		{
 			if(wd)
 			{
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace nana
 #endif
 				}

-				if(false == edge_nimbus_renderer_t::instance().render(iwd))
+				if (false == edge_nimbus_renderer_t::instance().render(iwd, forced))
 				{
 					nana::rectangle vr;
 					if(bedrock_type::window_manager_t::wndlayout_type::read_visual_rectangle(iwd, vr))
@@ -378,11 +378,9 @@ namespace nana
 				dw->draw(graphics);
 		}

-		//If the drawer_trigger didn't declear a lazy refresh, then use the refresh().
-		void drawer::_m_use_refresh()
+		bool drawer::_m_lazy_decleared() const
 		{
-			if (basic_window::update_state::refresh != core_window_->other.upd_state)
-				refresh();
+			return (basic_window::update_state::refresh == core_window_->other.upd_state);
 		}
 	}//end namespace detail
 }//end namespace nana
--- a/source/gui/detail/linux_X11/bedrock.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/linux_X11/bedrock.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Bedrock Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@

 #include <nana/config.hpp>
 #include PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock_pi_data.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/event_code.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/inner_fwd_implement.hpp>
@@ -165,19 +165,20 @@ namespace detail
 	}

 	bedrock::bedrock()
-		: impl_(new private_impl)
+		: pi_data_(new pi_data), impl_(new private_impl)
 	{
 		nana::detail::platform_spec::instance().msg_set(timer_proc, window_proc_dispatcher);
 	}

 	bedrock::~bedrock()
 	{
+		delete pi_data_;
 		delete impl_;
 	}

-	void bedrock::map_thread_root_buffer(bedrock::core_window_t* wnd)
+	void bedrock::map_thread_root_buffer(core_window_t*, bool forced)
 	{
-		//GUI in X11 is not thread-dependent, so no implementation.
+		//GUI in X11 is thread-independent, so no implementation.
 	}

 	//inc_window
@@ -376,14 +377,20 @@ namespace detail
 		return impl_->estore;
 	}

+	void bedrock::map_through_widgets(core_window_t* wd, native_drawable_type drawable)
+	{
+		//No implementation for Linux
+	}
+
+
 	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const arg_mouse& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if(evt_code != arg.evt_code)
 			throw std::runtime_error("Nana.bedrock: Invalid event arg.");
-		return emit(evt_code, wd, static_cast<const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface&>(arg), ask_update, thrd);
+		return emit(evt_code, wd, static_cast<const ::nana::event_arg&>(arg), ask_update, thrd);
 	}

-	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
+	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::event_arg& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if(wd_manager.available(wd) == false)
 			return false;
@@ -410,7 +417,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return true;
 	}

-	bool bedrock::emit_drawer(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface& arg, thread_context* thrd)
+	bool bedrock::emit_drawer(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::event_arg& arg, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if(wd_manager.available(wd) == false)
 			return false;
@@ -618,7 +625,8 @@ namespace detail
 				msgwnd = brock.wd_manager.find_window(native_window, xevent.xcrossing.x, xevent.xcrossing.y);
 				if(msgwnd)
 				{
-					msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+					if (mouse_action::pressed != msgwnd->flags.action)
+						msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
 					hovered_wd = msgwnd;

 					arg_mouse arg;
@@ -869,7 +877,8 @@ namespace detail
 						else
 						{
 							evt_code = event_code::mouse_enter;
-							msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+							if (mouse_action::pressed != msgwnd->flags.action)
+								msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
 						}
 						arg_mouse arg;
 						assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, xevent);
@@ -882,7 +891,10 @@ namespace detail
 				{
 					arg_mouse arg;
 					assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, xevent);
-					msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+					
+					if (mouse_action::pressed != msgwnd->flags.action)
+						msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+
 					if (hovered_wd != msgwnd)
 					{
 						hovered_wd = msgwnd;
--- a/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/native_window_interface.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	#include <nana/paint/detail/image_ico.hpp>
 #elif defined(NANA_X11)
 	#include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
-	#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+	#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
 #endif

 namespace nana{
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif

 	//struct native_interface
-		nana::size native_interface::screen_size()
+		nana::size native_interface::primary_monitor_size()
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			return nana::size(::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), ::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));
@@ -176,13 +176,10 @@ namespace nana{
 									mi.rcWork.right - mi.rcWork.left, mi.rcWork.bottom - mi.rcWork.top);
 				}
 			}
-#elif defined(NANA_X11)
 #endif
-			return screen_size();
+			return primary_monitor_size();
 		}

-		
-
 		//platform-dependent
 		native_interface::window_result native_interface::create_window(native_window_type owner, bool nested, const rectangle& r, const appearance& app)
 		{
@@ -933,7 +930,7 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif
 		}

-		void native_interface::bring_to_top(native_window_type wd)
+		void native_interface::bring_top(native_window_type wd, bool activated)
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			HWND native_wd = reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd);
@@ -944,7 +941,7 @@ namespace nana{
 			HWND fg_wd = ::GetForegroundWindow();
 			DWORD fg_tid = ::GetWindowThreadProcessId(fg_wd, nullptr);
 			::AttachThreadInput(::GetCurrentThreadId(), fg_tid, TRUE);
-			::ShowWindow(native_wd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+			::ShowWindow(native_wd, activated ? SW_SHOWNORMAL : SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
 			::SetWindowPos(native_wd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);
 			::SetWindowPos(native_wd, HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);
 			::AttachThreadInput(::GetCurrentThreadId(), fg_tid, FALSE);
@@ -1196,13 +1193,13 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif
 		}

-		void native_interface::caret_create(native_window_type wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
+		void native_interface::caret_create(native_window_type wd, const ::nana::size& caret_sz)
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-			::CreateCaret(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), 0, int(width), int(height));
+			::CreateCaret(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), 0, int(caret_sz.width), int(caret_sz.height));
 #elif defined(NANA_X11)
 			nana::detail::platform_scope_guard psg;
-			restrict::spec.caret_open(wd, width, height);
+			restrict::spec.caret_open(wd, caret_sz);
 #endif
 		}

@@ -1219,21 +1216,21 @@ namespace nana{
 #endif
 		}

-		void native_interface::caret_pos(native_window_type wd, int x, int y)
+		void native_interface::caret_pos(native_window_type wd, const point& pos)
 		{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 			if(::GetCurrentThreadId() != ::GetWindowThreadProcessId(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), 0))
 			{
 				auto cp = new nana::detail::messages::caret;
-				cp->x = x;
-				cp->y = y;
+				cp->x = pos.x;
+				cp->y = pos.y;
 				::PostMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd), nana::detail::messages::operate_caret, 2, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(cp));
 			}
 			else
-				::SetCaretPos(x, y);
+				::SetCaretPos(pos.x, pos.y);
 #elif defined(NANA_X11)
 			nana::detail::platform_scope_guard psg;
-			restrict::spec.caret_pos(wd, x, y);
+			restrict::spec.caret_pos(wd, pos);
 #endif
 		}

--- a/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/win32/bedrock.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Bedrock Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -13,16 +13,18 @@
 #include <nana/config.hpp>

 #include PLATFORM_SPEC_HPP
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock_pi_data.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/event_code.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <nana/system/timepiece.hpp>
-#include <nana/gui/wvl.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/inner_fwd_implement.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/layout_utility.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/element_store.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/detail/color_schemes.hpp>

 #ifndef WM_MOUSEWHEEL
 #define WM_MOUSEWHEEL	0x020A
@@ -175,7 +177,8 @@ namespace detail
 		std::recursive_mutex mutex;
 		thr_context_container thr_contexts;

-		element_store estore;
+		color_schemes	schemes;
+		element_store	estore;

 		struct cache_type
 		{
@@ -213,7 +216,8 @@ namespace detail
 	static LRESULT WINAPI Bedrock_WIN32_WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 	bedrock::bedrock()
-		:impl_(new private_impl)
+		:	pi_data_(new pi_data),
+			impl_(new private_impl)
 	{
 		nana::detail::platform_spec::instance(); //to guaranty the platform_spec object is initialized before using.

@@ -269,6 +273,7 @@ namespace detail
 			::MessageBoxA(0, ss.str().c_str(), ("Nana C++ Library"), MB_OK);
 		}
 		delete impl_;
+		delete pi_data_;
 	}

 	//inc_window
@@ -337,9 +342,9 @@ namespace detail
 		return bedrock_object;
 	}

-	void bedrock::map_thread_root_buffer(core_window_t* wd)
+	void bedrock::map_thread_root_buffer(core_window_t* wd, bool forced)
 	{
-		::PostMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd->root), nana::detail::messages::map_thread_root_buffer, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(wd), 0);
+		::PostMessage(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(wd->root), nana::detail::messages::map_thread_root_buffer, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(wd), static_cast<LPARAM>(forced ? TRUE : FALSE));
 	}

 	void interior_helper_for_menu(MSG& msg, native_window_type menu_window)
@@ -591,7 +596,7 @@ namespace detail
 			}
 			return true;
 		case nana::detail::messages::map_thread_root_buffer:
-			bedrock.wd_manager.map(reinterpret_cast<bedrock::core_window_t*>(wParam));
+			bedrock.wd_manager.map(reinterpret_cast<bedrock::core_window_t*>(wParam), (TRUE == lParam));
 			::UpdateWindow(wd);
 			return true;
 		case nana::detail::messages::remote_thread_move_window:
@@ -1003,7 +1008,7 @@ namespace detail
 						arg.evt_code = event_code::mouse_up;
 						emit_drawer(&drawer::mouse_up, msgwnd, arg, &context);

-						auto evt_ptr = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;
+						//auto evt_ptr = msgwnd->together.events_ptr;	//deprecated

 						if (fire_click)
 						{
@@ -1055,7 +1060,10 @@ namespace detail
 						else
 						{
 							evt_code = event_code::mouse_enter;
-							msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+							if (pressed_wd == msgwnd)
+								msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::pressed;
+							else if (mouse_action::pressed != msgwnd->flags.action)
+								msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
 						}
 						arg_mouse arg;
 						assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, pmdec);
@@ -1068,9 +1076,14 @@ namespace detail
 				{
 					arg_mouse arg;
 					assign_arg(arg, msgwnd, message, pmdec);
-					msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+
 					if (hovered_wd != msgwnd)
 					{
+						if (pressed_wd == msgwnd)
+							msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::pressed;
+						else if (mouse_action::pressed != msgwnd->flags.action)
+							msgwnd->flags.action = mouse_action::over;
+
 						hovered_wd = msgwnd;
 						arg.evt_code = event_code::mouse_enter;
 						brock.emit(event_code::mouse_enter, msgwnd, arg, true, &context);
@@ -1100,21 +1113,34 @@ namespace detail
 						auto scrolled_wd = brock.wd_manager.find_window(reinterpret_cast<native_window_type>(pointer_wd), scr_pos.x, scr_pos.y);

 						def_window_proc = true;
-						while (scrolled_wd)
+						auto evt_wd = scrolled_wd;
+						while (evt_wd)
 						{
-							if (scrolled_wd->together.attached_events->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
+							if (evt_wd->together.attached_events->mouse_wheel.length() != 0)
 							{
 								def_window_proc = false;
 								nana::point mspos{ scr_pos.x, scr_pos.y };
-								brock.wd_manager.calc_window_point(scrolled_wd, mspos);
+								brock.wd_manager.calc_window_point(evt_wd, mspos);

 								arg_wheel arg;
 								arg.which = (WM_MOUSEHWHEEL == message ? arg_wheel::wheel::horizontal : arg_wheel::wheel::vertical);
-								assign_arg(arg, scrolled_wd, pmdec);
-								brock.emit(event_code::mouse_wheel, scrolled_wd, arg, true, &context);
+								assign_arg(arg, evt_wd, pmdec);
+								brock.emit(event_code::mouse_wheel, evt_wd, arg, true, &context);
 								break;
 							}
-							scrolled_wd = scrolled_wd->parent;
+							evt_wd = evt_wd->parent;
+						}
+
+						if (scrolled_wd && (nullptr == evt_wd))
+						{
+							nana::point mspos{ scr_pos.x, scr_pos.y };
+							brock.wd_manager.calc_window_point(scrolled_wd, mspos);
+
+							arg_wheel arg;
+							arg.which = (WM_MOUSEHWHEEL == message ? arg_wheel::wheel::horizontal : arg_wheel::wheel::vertical);
+							assign_arg(arg, scrolled_wd, pmdec);
+							brock.emit_drawer(event_code::mouse_wheel, scrolled_wd, arg, &context);
+							brock.wd_manager.do_lazy_refresh(scrolled_wd, false);
 						}
 					}
 					else
@@ -1260,6 +1286,15 @@ namespace detail
 				brock.event_move(msgwnd, (int)(short) LOWORD(lParam), (int)(short) HIWORD(lParam));
 				break;
 			case WM_PAINT:
+				if (msgwnd->is_draw_through())
+				{
+					msgwnd->other.attribute.root->draw_through();
+
+					::PAINTSTRUCT ps;
+					::BeginPaint(root_window, &ps);
+					::EndPaint(root_window, &ps);
+				}
+				else
 				{
 					::PAINTSTRUCT ps;
 					::HDC dc = ::BeginPaint(root_window, &ps);
@@ -1576,15 +1611,35 @@ namespace detail
 		return impl_->estore;
 	}

+	void bedrock::map_through_widgets(core_window_t* wd, native_drawable_type drawable)
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+		auto graph_context = reinterpret_cast<HDC>(wd->root_graph->handle()->context);
+
+		for (auto child : wd->children)
+		{
+			if (!child->visible) continue;
+
+			if (::nana::category::flags::widget == child->other.category)
+			{
+				::BitBlt(reinterpret_cast<HDC>(drawable), child->pos_root.x, child->pos_root.y, static_cast<int>(child->dimension.width), static_cast<int>(child->dimension.height),
+					graph_context, child->pos_root.x, child->pos_root.y, SRCCOPY);
+			}
+			else if (::nana::category::flags::lite_widget == child->other.category)
+				map_through_widgets(child, drawable);
+		}
+#endif	
+	}
+
 	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const arg_mouse& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if (evt_code != arg.evt_code)
 			throw std::runtime_error("Nana.bedrock: invalid event arg.");

-		return emit(evt_code, wd, static_cast<const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface&>(arg), ask_update, thrd);
+		return emit(evt_code, wd, static_cast<const ::nana::event_arg&>(arg), ask_update, thrd);
 	}

-	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
+	bool bedrock::emit(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::event_arg& arg, bool ask_update, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if (wd_manager.available(wd) == false)
 			return false;
@@ -1611,7 +1666,7 @@ namespace detail
 		return true;
 	}

-	bool bedrock::emit_drawer(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::detail::event_arg_interface& arg, thread_context* thrd)
+	bool bedrock::emit_drawer(event_code evt_code, core_window_t* wd, const ::nana::event_arg& arg, thread_context* thrd)
 	{
 		if (bedrock_object.wd_manager.available(wd) == false)
 			return false;
--- a/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/window_layout.cpp
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ namespace nana

 				//Enable the effect.
 				data_sect.effects_bground_windows.push_back(wd);
-				wd->other.glass_buffer.make(wd->dimension.width, wd->dimension.height);
+				wd->other.glass_buffer.make(wd->dimension);
 				make_bground(wd);
 				return true;
 			}
@@ -308,8 +308,14 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 					if (is_redraw || called_by_notify)
 					{
-						if (called_by_notify)
+						//The background is made by more than calling by notification(such as redraw of parent,
+						//redraw of siblings which are covered by wd), sometimes it should be remade when an attribute
+						//of the wd is changed(such as its background color is changed).
+						if (called_by_notify || wd->flags.make_bground_declared)
+						{
 							make_bground(wd);
+							wd->flags.make_bground_declared = false;
+						}

 						wd->flags.refreshing = true;
 						wd->drawer.refresh();
--- a/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/detail/window_manager.cpp
@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@
 */

 #include <nana/config.hpp>
-#include GUI_BEDROCK_HPP
+#include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/handle_manager.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/window_manager.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/inner_fwd_implement.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/layout_utility.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/detail/effects_renderer.hpp>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <algorithm>

@@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ namespace detail
 			//Thread-Safe Required!
 			std::lock_guard<decltype(mutex_)> lock(mutex_);
 			if (impl_->wd_register.available(parent) == false)
-				return nullptr;
+				throw std::invalid_argument("invalid parent/owner handle");

 			core_window_t * wd;
 			if(is_lite)
@@ -546,8 +547,8 @@ namespace detail
 				{
 					wd->dimension.width = r.width;
 					wd->dimension.height = r.height;
-					wd->drawer.graphics.make(r.width, r.height);
-					wd->root_graph->make(r.width, r.height);
+					wd->drawer.graphics.make(wd->dimension);
+					wd->root_graph->make(wd->dimension);
 					native_interface::move_window(wd->root, r);

 					arg_resized arg;
@@ -612,7 +613,7 @@ namespace detail
 			if(category::lite_widget_tag::value != wd->other.category)
 			{
 				bool graph_state = wd->drawer.graphics.empty();
-				wd->drawer.graphics.make(sz.width, sz.height);
+				wd->drawer.graphics.make(sz);

 				//It shall make a typeface_changed() call when the graphics state is changing.
 				//Because when a widget is created with zero-size, it may get some wrong result in typeface_changed() call
@@ -622,7 +623,7 @@ namespace detail

 				if(category::root_tag::value == wd->other.category)
 				{
-					wd->root_graph->make(sz.width, sz.height);
+					wd->root_graph->make(sz);
 					if(false == passive)
 						native_interface::window_size(wd->root, sz + nana::size(wd->extra_width, wd->extra_height));
 				}
@@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ namespace detail
 					//update the bground buffer of glass window.
 					if(wd->effect.bground && wd->parent)
 					{
-						wd->other.glass_buffer.make(sz.width, sz.height);
+						wd->other.glass_buffer.make(sz);
 						wndlayout_type::make_bground(wd);
 					}
 				}
@@ -670,20 +671,20 @@ namespace detail
 		}

 		//Copy the root buffer that wnd specified into DeviceContext
-		void window_manager::map(core_window_t* wd)
+		void window_manager::map(core_window_t* wd, bool forced)
 		{
 			//Thread-Safe Required!
 			std::lock_guard<decltype(mutex_)> lock(mutex_);
-			if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
+			if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd) && !wd->is_draw_through())
 			{
 				//Copy the root buffer that wd specified into DeviceContext
 #if defined(NANA_LINUX)
-				wd->drawer.map(reinterpret_cast<window>(wd));
+				wd->drawer.map(reinterpret_cast<window>(wd), forced);
 #elif defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 				if(nana::system::this_thread_id() == wd->thread_id)
-					wd->drawer.map(reinterpret_cast<window>(wd));
+					wd->drawer.map(reinterpret_cast<window>(wd), forced);
 				else
-					bedrock::instance().map_thread_root_buffer(wd);
+					bedrock::instance().map_thread_root_buffer(wd, forced);
 #endif
 			}
 		}
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@ namespace detail
 		//@brief:	update is used for displaying the screen-off buffer.
 		//			Because of a good efficiency, if it is called in an event procedure and the event procedure window is the
 		//			same as update's, update would not map the screen-off buffer and just set the window for lazy refresh
-		bool window_manager::update(core_window_t* wd, bool redraw, bool force)
+		bool window_manager::update(core_window_t* wd, bool redraw, bool forced)
 		{
 			//Thread-Safe Required!
 			std::lock_guard<decltype(mutex_)> lock(mutex_);
@@ -700,10 +701,10 @@ namespace detail

 			if (wd->visible && wd->visible_parents())
 			{
-				if(force || (false == wd->belong_to_lazy()))
+				if(forced || (false == wd->belong_to_lazy()))
 				{
 					wndlayout_type::paint(wd, redraw, false);
-					this->map(wd);
+					this->map(wd, forced);
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -738,14 +739,20 @@ namespace detail
 			if (false == impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
 				return false;

-			if(wd->visible)
+			if(wd->visible && (!wd->is_draw_through()))
 			{
 				if (wd->visible_parents())
 				{
 					if ((wd->other.upd_state == core_window_t::update_state::refresh) || force_copy_to_screen)
 					{
 						wndlayout_type::paint(wd, false, false);
-						this->map(wd);
+						this->map(wd, force_copy_to_screen);
+					}
+					else if (effects::edge_nimbus::none != wd->effect.edge_nimbus)
+					{
+						//Update the nimbus effect
+						using nimbus_renderer = detail::edge_nimbus_renderer<core_window_t>;
+						nimbus_renderer::instance().render(wd, force_copy_to_screen);
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -767,7 +774,7 @@ namespace detail
 			if (!impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
 				return false;

-			result.make(wd->drawer.graphics.width(), wd->drawer.graphics.height());
+			result.make(wd->drawer.graphics.size());
 			result.bitblt(0, 0, wd->drawer.graphics);
 			wndlayout_type::paste_children_to_graphics(wd, result);
 			return true;
@@ -928,7 +935,7 @@ namespace detail

 					if (impl_->wd_register.available(wd))
 					{
-						wd->flags.capture = true;
+						wd->flags.captured = true;
 						native_interface::capture_window(wd->root, value);
 						auto prev = attr_.capture.window;
 						if(prev && (prev != wd))
@@ -946,6 +953,7 @@ namespace detail
 			else if(wd == attr_.capture.window)
 			{
 				attr_.capture.window = nullptr;
+				wd->flags.captured = false;
 				if(attr_cap.size())
 				{
 					std::pair<core_window_t*, bool> last = attr_cap.back();
@@ -957,6 +965,7 @@ namespace detail
 						attr_.capture.ignore_children = last.second;
 						native_interface::capture_window(last.first->root, true);
 						native_interface::calc_window_point(last.first->root, pos);
+						last.first->flags.captured = true;
 						attr_.capture.inside = _m_effective(last.first, pos);
 					}
 				}
--- a/source/gui/drawing.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/drawing.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Drawing Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -20,19 +20,27 @@ namespace nana
 	//@brief:	This name is only visible for this compiling-unit
 	namespace restrict
 	{
-		typedef detail::bedrock::core_window_t core_window_t;
-		extern detail::bedrock& bedrock;
-
-		inline detail::drawer& get_drawer(window wd)
+		namespace
 		{
-			return reinterpret_cast<core_window_t*>(wd)->drawer;
+			using core_window_t = detail::bedrock::core_window_t;
+
+			inline detail::drawer& get_drawer(window wd)
+			{
+				return reinterpret_cast<core_window_t*>(wd)->drawer;
+			}
 		}
 	}
    
    //class drawing
  		drawing::drawing(window wd)
 			:handle_(wd)
-  		{}
+  		{
+			if (!API::is_window(wd))
+				throw std::invalid_argument("drawing: invalid window parameter");
+
+			if (reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->is_draw_through())
+				throw std::invalid_argument("drawing: the window is draw_through enabled");
+		}
  		
  		drawing::~drawing(){} //Just for polymorphism

--- a/source/gui/effects.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/effects.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 					if(fade_rate_ < 0.001)
 						return;
-
-					nana::color_t color = API::background(wd);
-					graph.blend(graph.size(), color, fade_rate_);
+					graph.blend(graph.size(), API::bgcolor(wd), fade_rate_);
 				}
 			private:
 				const double fade_rate_;
--- a/source/gui/element.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/element.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+/*
+*	Elements of GUI Gadgets
+*	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+*	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+*
+*	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+*	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+*	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+*
+*	@file: nana/gui/element.cpp
+*/
+
 #include <nana/gui/element.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/bedrock.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/detail/element_store.hpp>
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@ namespace nana
 		class crook
 			: public crook_interface
 		{
-			bool draw(graph_reference graph, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es, const data& crook_data) override
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es, const data& crook_data) override
 			{
 				if(crook_data.radio)
 				{
@@ -123,27 +135,28 @@ namespace nana
 						for(int left = 0; left < 12; ++left)
 						{
 							if((*colormap)[top][left] != 0xFFFFFF)
-								graph.set_pixel(left + x, top + y, (*colormap)[top][left]);
+								graph.set_pixel(left + x, top + y, static_cast<colors>((*colormap)[top][left]));
 						}
 					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					const nana::color_t highlighted = 0x5EB6F7;
-
+					::nana::color highlighted(0x5e, 0xb6, 0xf7);
+					auto bld_bgcolor = bgcolor;
+					auto bld_fgcolor = fgcolor;
 					switch(es)
 					{
 					case element_state::hovered:
 					case element_state::focus_hovered:
-						bgcolor = graph.mix(bgcolor, highlighted, 0.8);
-						fgcolor = graph.mix(fgcolor, highlighted, 0.8);
+						bld_bgcolor = bgcolor.blend(highlighted, 0.8);
+						bld_fgcolor = fgcolor.blend(highlighted, 0.8);
 						break;
 					case element_state::pressed:
-						bgcolor = graph.mix(bgcolor, highlighted, 0.4);
-						fgcolor = graph.mix(fgcolor, highlighted, 0.4);
+						bld_bgcolor = bgcolor.blend(highlighted, 0.4);
+						bld_fgcolor = fgcolor.blend(highlighted, 0.4);
 						break;
 					case element_state::disabled:
-						bgcolor = fgcolor = 0xB2B7BC;
+						bld_bgcolor = bld_fgcolor = nana::color(0xb2, 0xb7, 0xbc);
 						break;
 					default:
 						//Leave things as they are
@@ -152,8 +165,11 @@ namespace nana
 					const int x = r.x + 1;
 					const int y = r.y + 1;

-					graph.rectangle(x, y, 13, 13, fgcolor, false);
-					graph.rectangle(x + 1, y + 1, 11, 11, bgcolor, true);
+					graph.set_color(bld_bgcolor);
+					graph.rectangle(rectangle{ x + 1, y + 1, 11, 11 }, true);
+
+					graph.set_color(bld_fgcolor);
+					graph.rectangle(rectangle{ x, y, 13, 13 }, false);

 					switch(crook_data.check_state)
 					{
@@ -166,19 +182,19 @@ namespace nana
 							{
 								sx++;
 								sy++;
-								graph.line(sx, sy, sx, sy + 3, fgcolor);
+								graph.line(point{ sx, sy }, point{ sx, sy + 3 });
 							}

 							for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
 							{
 								sx++;
 								sy--;
-								graph.line(sx, sy, sx, sy + 3, fgcolor);
+								graph.line(point{ sx, sy }, point{ sx, sy + 3 });
 							}
 						}
 						break;
 					case state::partial:
-						graph.rectangle(x + 2, y + 2, 9, 9, fgcolor, true);
+						graph.rectangle(rectangle{ x + 2, y + 2, 9, 9 }, true);
 						break;
 					default:
 						break;
@@ -191,7 +207,7 @@ namespace nana
 		class menu_crook
 			: public crook_interface
 		{
-			bool draw(graph_reference graph, nana::color_t, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es, const data& crook_data) override
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color&, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es, const data& crook_data) override
 			{
 				if(crook_data.check_state == state::unchecked)
 					return true;
@@ -218,7 +234,7 @@ namespace nana
 						{
 							if(colormap[u][v] & 0xFF000000)
 								continue;
-							graph.set_pixel(x + v, y, colormap[u][v]);
+							graph.set_pixel(x + v, y, static_cast<color_rgb>(colormap[u][v]));
 						}
 						++y;
 					}
@@ -228,19 +244,292 @@ namespace nana
 					int x = r.x + (static_cast<int>(r.width) - 16) / 2;
 					int y = r.y + (static_cast<int>(r.height) - 16) / 2;

-					nana::color_t light = graph.mix(fgcolor, 0xFFFFFF, 0.5);
+					graph.set_color(fgcolor);
+					graph.line(point{ x + 3, y + 7 }, point{ x + 6, y + 10 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 7, y + 9 }, point{ x + 12, y + 4 });

-					graph.line(x + 3, y + 7, x + 6, y + 10, fgcolor);
-					graph.line(x + 7, y + 9, x + 12, y + 4, fgcolor);
-					graph.line(x + 3, y + 8, x + 6, y + 11, light);
-					graph.line(x + 7, y + 10, x + 12, y + 5, light);
-					graph.line(x + 4, y + 7, x + 6, y + 9, light);
-					graph.line(x + 7, y + 8, x + 11, y + 4, light);
+					graph.set_color(fgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.5));
+					graph.line(point{ x + 3, y + 8 }, point{ x + 6, y + 11 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 7, y + 10 }, point{ x + 12, y + 5 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 4, y + 7 }, point{ x + 6, y + 9 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 7, y + 8 }, point{ x + 11, y + 4 });
 				}
 				return true;
 			}
 		};
-	}
+
+		class border_depressed
+			: public border_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate, unsigned weight)
+			{
+				graph.rectangle(r, false, static_cast<color_rgb>((element_state::focus_hovered == estate || element_state::focus_normal == estate) ? 0x0595E2 : 0x999A9E));
+				graph.rectangle(::nana::rectangle{r}.pare_off(1), false, bgcolor);
+				return true;
+			}
+		};
+
+		class arrow_solid_triangle
+			: public arrow_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate, direction dir) override
+			{
+				::nana::point pos{ r.x + 3, r.y + 3 };
+				switch (dir)
+				{
+				case ::nana::direction::east:
+					pos.x += 3;
+					pos.y += 1;
+					for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+						graph.line(point{ pos.x + i, pos.y + i }, point{ pos.x + i, pos.y + 8 - i });
+					break;
+				case ::nana::direction::south:
+					pos.y += 3;
+					for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+						graph.line(point{ pos.x + i, pos.y + i }, point{ pos.x + 8 - i, pos.y + i });
+					break;
+				case ::nana::direction::west:
+					pos.x += 5;
+					pos.y += 1;
+					for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+						graph.line(point{ pos.x - i, pos.y + i }, point{ pos.x - i, pos.y + 8 - i });
+					break;
+				case ::nana::direction::north:
+					pos.y += 7;
+					for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+						graph.line(point{ pos.x + i, pos.y - i }, point{ pos.x + 8 - i, pos.y - i });
+					break;
+				case direction::southeast:
+					pos.x += 2;
+					pos.y += 7;
+					for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+						graph.line(point{ pos.x + i, pos.y - i }, point{ pos.x + 5, pos.y - i });
+					break;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		};//end class arrow_solid_triangle
+
+		class arrow_hollow_triangle
+			: public arrow_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate, ::nana::direction dir) override
+			{
+				int x = r.x + 3;
+				int y = r.y + 3;
+				switch (dir)
+				{
+				case ::nana::direction::east:
+					x += 3;
+					graph.line(point{ x, y + 1 }, point{ x, y + 9 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 1, y + 2 }, point{ x + 4, y + 5 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 3, y + 6 }, point{ x + 1, y + 8 });
+					break;
+				case direction::southeast:
+					x += 7;
+					y += 6;
+					graph.line(point{ x - 5 , y + 1 }, point{ x, y + 1 });
+					graph.line(point{ x, y - 4 }, point{ x, y });
+					graph.line(point{ x - 4, y }, point{ x - 1, y - 3 });
+					break;
+				case direction::south:
+					y += 3;
+					graph.line(point{ x, y }, point{ x + 8, y });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 1, y + 1 }, point{ x + 4, y + 4 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 7, y + 1 }, point{ x + 5, y + 3 });
+					break;
+				case direction::west:
+					x += 5;
+					y += 1;
+					graph.line(point{ x, y }, point{ x, y + 8 });
+					graph.line(point{ x - 4, y + 4 }, point{ x - 1, y + 1 });
+					graph.line(point{ x - 3, y + 5 }, point{ x - 1, y + 7 });
+					break;
+				case direction::north:
+					y += 7;
+					graph.line(point{ x, y }, point{ x + 8, y });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 1, y - 1 }, point{ x + 4, y - 4 });
+					graph.line(point{ x + 5, y - 3 }, point{ x + 7, y - 1 });
+					break;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		};//end class arrow_hollow_triangle
+
+		class arrowhead
+			: public arrow_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate, ::nana::direction dir) override
+			{
+				int x = r.x;
+				int y = r.y + 5;
+				switch (dir)
+				{
+				case direction::north:
+				{
+					x += 3;
+					int pixels = 1;
+					for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l)
+					{
+						for (int i = 0; i < pixels; ++i)
+						{
+							if (l == 3 && i == 3)
+								continue;
+							graph.set_pixel(x + i, y);
+						}
+
+						x--;
+						y++;
+						pixels += 2;
+					}
+
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 1, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 2, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 6, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 7, y);
+				}
+				break;
+				case direction::south:
+				{
+					graph.set_pixel(x, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 1, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 5, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 6, y);
+
+					++y;
+					int pixels = 7;
+					for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l)
+					{
+						for (int i = 0; i < pixels; ++i)
+						{
+							if (l != 0 || i != 3)
+								graph.set_pixel(x + i, y);
+						}
+
+						x++;
+						y++;
+						pixels -= 2;
+					}
+				}
+				default:break;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		};//end class arrowhead
+
+		class arrow_double
+			: public arrow_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate, ::nana::direction dir) override
+			{
+				int x = r.x;
+				int y = r.y;
+				switch (dir)
+				{
+				case direction::east:
+					_m_line(graph, x + 4, y + 6, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 7, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 6, y + 8, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 9, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 4, y + 10, true);
+					break;
+				case direction::west:
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 6, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 4, y + 7, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 3, y + 8, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 4, y + 9, true);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 10, true);
+					break;
+				case direction::south:
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 4, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 6, y + 5, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 7, y + 6, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 8, y + 5, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 9, y + 4, false);
+					break;
+				case direction::north:
+					_m_line(graph, x + 5, y + 6, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 6, y + 5, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 7, y + 4, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 8, y + 5, false);
+					_m_line(graph, x + 9, y + 6, false);
+					break;
+				default:
+					break;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			static void _m_line(nana::paint::graphics & graph, int x, int y, bool horizontal)
+			{
+				graph.set_pixel(x, y);
+				if (horizontal)
+				{
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 1, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 4, y);
+					graph.set_pixel(x + 5, y);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					graph.set_pixel(x, y + 1);
+					graph.set_pixel(x, y + 4);
+					graph.set_pixel(x, y + 5);
+				}
+			}
+		};//end class arrow_double
+
+		class annex_button
+			: public element_interface
+		{
+			bool draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& arg_bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const rectangle& r, element_state estate) override
+			{
+				auto bgcolor = arg_bgcolor;
+
+				switch (estate)
+				{
+				case element_state::hovered:
+				case element_state::focus_hovered:
+					bgcolor = arg_bgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.8);
+					break;
+				case element_state::pressed:
+					bgcolor = arg_bgcolor.blend(colors::black, 0.8);
+					break;
+				case element_state::disabled:
+					bgcolor = colors::dark_gray;
+				default:
+					break;
+				}
+
+				auto part_px = (r.height - 3) * 5 / 13;
+				graph.rectangle(r, false, bgcolor.blend(colors::black, 0.6));
+				
+				::nana::point left_top{ r.x + 1, r.y + 1 }, right_top{r.right() - 2, r.y + 1};
+				::nana::point left_mid{ r.x + 1, r.y + 1 + static_cast<int>(part_px) }, right_mid{ right_top.x, left_mid.y };
+				::nana::point left_bottom{ r.x + 1, r.bottom() - 2 }, right_bottom{ r.right() - 2, r.bottom() - 2 };
+
+				graph.set_color(bgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.9));
+				graph.line(left_top, left_mid);
+				graph.line(right_top, right_mid);
+
+				graph.set_color(bgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.5));
+				graph.line(left_top, right_top);
+
+				left_mid.y++;
+				right_mid.y++;
+				graph.set_color(bgcolor.blend(colors::black, 0.8));
+				graph.line(left_mid, left_bottom);
+				graph.line(right_mid, right_bottom);
+
+				::nana::rectangle part_r{ r.x + 2, r.y + 2, r.width - 4, part_px };
+				graph.rectangle(part_r, true, bgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.8));
+
+				part_r.y += static_cast<int>(part_r.height);
+				part_r.height = (r.height - 3 - part_r.height);
+				graph.rectangle(part_r, true, bgcolor);
+				return true;
+			}
+		};//end class annex_button
+	}//end namespace element

 	template<typename ElementInterface>
 	class element_object
@@ -250,11 +539,6 @@ namespace nana
 		typedef pat::cloneable<element::provider::factory_interface<element_t>> factory_interface;

 	public:
-		element_object()
-			:	element_ptr_(nullptr)
-		{
-		}
-
 		~element_object()
 		{
 			if(factory_)
@@ -289,7 +573,7 @@ namespace nana
 		}
 	private:
 		factory_interface factory_;	//Keep the factory for destroying the element
-		element_t * element_ptr_;
+		element_t * element_ptr_{nullptr};
 		std::vector<std::pair<element_t*, factory_interface>> spare_;
 	};

@@ -309,6 +593,7 @@ namespace nana
 		element_manager()
 		{
 			crook_.employee = nullptr;
+			border_.employee = nullptr;
 		}

 	public:
@@ -322,6 +607,15 @@ namespace nana

 				element::add_crook<element::crook>("");
 				element::add_crook<element::menu_crook>("menu_crook");
+
+				element::add_border<element::border_depressed>("");
+				
+				element::add_arrow<element::arrowhead>("");				//"arrowhead" in default
+				element::add_arrow<element::arrow_double>("double");
+				element::add_arrow<element::arrow_solid_triangle>("solid_triangle");
+				element::add_arrow<element::arrow_hollow_triangle>("hollow_triangle");
+
+				element::add_button<element::annex_button>("");	//"annex" in default
 			}
 			return obj;
 		}
@@ -335,8 +629,38 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			return _m_get(name, crook_).keeper();
 		}
+
+		void border(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<element::provider::factory_interface<element::border_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			_m_add(name, border_, factory);
+		}
+
+		element::border_interface * const * border(const std::string& name) const
+		{
+			return _m_get(name, border_).keeper();
+		}
+
+		void arrow(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<element::provider::factory_interface<element::arrow_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			_m_add((name.empty() ? "arrowhead" : name), arrow_, factory);
+		}
+
+		element::arrow_interface * const * arrow(const std::string& name) const
+		{
+			return _m_get((name.empty() ? "arrowhead" : name), arrow_).keeper();
+		}
+
+		void button(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<element::provider::factory_interface<element::element_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			_m_add((name.empty() ? "annex" : name), button_, factory);
+		}
+
+		element::element_interface * const * button(const std::string& name) const
+		{
+			return _m_get((name.empty() ? "annex" : name), button_).keeper();
+		}
 	private:
-		typedef std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock_guard;
+		using lock_guard = std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex>;

 		template<typename ElementInterface>
 		void _m_add(const std::string& name, item<ElementInterface>& m, const pat::cloneable<element::provider::factory_interface<ElementInterface>>& factory)
@@ -367,7 +691,10 @@ namespace nana

 	private:
 		mutable std::recursive_mutex mutex_;
-		item<element::crook_interface> crook_;
+		item<element::crook_interface>	crook_;
+		item<element::border_interface>	border_;
+		item<element::arrow_interface>	arrow_;
+		item<element::element_interface>	button_;
 	};

 	namespace element
@@ -382,17 +709,40 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			return element_manager::instance().crook(name);
 		}
+
+		void provider::add_border(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<border_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			element_manager::instance().border(name, factory);
+		}
+
+		border_interface* const * provider::keeper_border(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			return element_manager::instance().border(name);
+		}
+
+		void provider::add_arrow(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<arrow_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			element_manager::instance().arrow(name, factory);
+		}
+
+		arrow_interface* const * provider::keeper_arrow(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			return element_manager::instance().arrow(name);
+		}
+
+		void provider::add_button(const std::string& name, const pat::cloneable<factory_interface<element_interface>>& factory)
+		{
+			element_manager::instance().button(name, factory);
+		}
+
+		element_interface* const* provider::keeper_button(const std::string& name)
+		{
+			return element_manager::instance().button(name);
+		}
 	}//end namespace element

 	//facades
 	//template<> class facade<element::crook>
-		facade<element::crook>::facade()
-			:	keeper_(element::provider().keeper_crook(""))
-		{
-			data_.check_state = state::unchecked;
-			data_.radio = false;
-		}
-
 		facade<element::crook>::facade(const char* name)
 			:	keeper_(element::provider().keeper_crook(name ? name : ""))
 		{
@@ -430,15 +780,72 @@ namespace nana

 		void facade<element::crook>::switch_to(const char* name)
 		{
-			keeper_ = element::provider().keeper_crook(name);
+			keeper_ = element::provider().keeper_crook(name ? name : "");
 		}

-		bool facade<element::crook>::draw(graph_reference graph, nana::color_t bgcol, nana::color_t fgcol, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es)
+		bool facade<element::crook>::draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcol, const ::nana::color& fgcol, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es)
 		{
 			return (*keeper_)->draw(graph, bgcol, fgcol, r, es, data_);
 		}
 	//end class facade<element::crook>

+	//class facade<element::border>
+		facade<element::border>::facade(const char* name)
+			: keeper_(element::provider().keeper_border(name ? name : ""))
+		{}
+
+		void facade<element::border>::switch_to(const char* name)
+		{
+			keeper_ = element::provider().keeper_border(name ? name : "");
+		}
+
+		bool facade<element::border>::draw(graph_reference graph, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state es)
+		{
+			return (*keeper_)->draw(graph, bgcolor, fgcolor, r, es, 2);
+		}
+	//end class facade<element::border>
+
+	//class facade<element::arrow>
+		facade<element::arrow>::facade(const char* name)
+			:	keeper_(element::provider().keeper_arrow(name ? name : ""))
+		{
+		}
+
+		void facade<element::arrow>::switch_to(const char* name)
+		{
+			keeper_ = element::provider().keeper_arrow(name ? name : "");
+		}
+
+		void facade<element::arrow>::direction(::nana::direction dir)
+		{
+			dir_ = dir;
+		}
+
+		//Implement element_interface
+		bool facade<element::arrow>::draw(graph_reference graph, const nana::color& bgcolor, const nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate)
+		{
+			graph.set_color(fgcolor);
+			return (*keeper_)->draw(graph, bgcolor, fgcolor, r, estate, dir_);
+		}
+	//end class facade<element::arrow>
+
+	//class facade<element::button>::
+		facade<element::button>::facade(const char* name)
+			: keeper_(element::provider().keeper_button(name ? name : ""))
+		{}
+
+		void facade<element::button>::switch_to(const char* name)
+		{
+			keeper_ = element::provider().keeper_button(name ? name : "");
+		}
+
+		//Implement element_interface
+		bool facade<element::button>::draw(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const ::nana::rectangle& r, element_state estate)
+		{
+			return (*keeper_)->draw(graph, bgcolor, fgcolor, r, estate);
+		}
+	//end class facade<element::button>
+
 	namespace element
 	{
 		void set_bground(const char* name, const pat::cloneable<element_interface>& obj)
@@ -470,7 +877,7 @@ namespace nana
 			ref_ptr_ = detail::bedrock::instance().get_element_store().bground(name);
 		}

-		bool cite_bground::draw(graph_reference dst, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state state)
+		bool cite_bground::draw(graph_reference dst, const ::nana::color& bgcolor, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& r, element_state state)
 		{
 			if (ref_ptr_ && *ref_ptr_)
 				return (*ref_ptr_)->draw(dst, bgcolor, fgcolor, r, state);
@@ -530,7 +937,7 @@ namespace nana
 			draw_method * clone() const override
 			{
 				auto p = new draw_graph;
-				p->graph.make(graph.width(), graph.height());
+				p->graph.make(graph.size());
 				graph.paste(p->graph, 0, 0);
 				return p;
 			}
@@ -656,7 +1063,7 @@ namespace nana
 		}

 		//Implement the methods of bground_interface.
-		bool bground::draw(graph_reference dst, nana::color_t bgcolor, nana::color_t fgcolor, const nana::rectangle& to_r, element_state state)
+		bool bground::draw(graph_reference dst, const ::nana::color&, const ::nana::color&, const nana::rectangle& to_r, element_state state)
 		{
 			if (nullptr == method_)
 				return false;
--- a/source/gui/filebox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/filebox.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace nana
 		{
 			path_.create(*this);
 			path_.splitstr(STR("/"));
-			path_.events().selected([this](const arg_categorize<int>&)
+			path_.events().selected.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_categorize<int>&)
 			{
 				auto path = path_.caption();
 				auto root = path.substr(0, path.find(STR('/')));
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace nana
 			filter_.multi_lines(false);
 			filter_.tip_string(STR("Filter"));

-			filter_.events().key_release([this](const arg_keyboard&)
+			filter_.events().key_release.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_keyboard&)
 			{
 				_m_list_fs();
 			});
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ namespace nana
 			btn_folder_.create(*this);
 			btn_folder_.caption(STR("&New Folder"));

-			btn_folder_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse&)
+			btn_folder_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse&)
 			{
 				form fm(this->handle(), API::make_center(*this, 300, 35));
 				fm.caption(STR("Name the new folder"));
@@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ namespace nana
 				button btn(fm, nana::rectangle(170, 5, 60, 25));
 				btn.caption(STR("Create"));

-				btn.events().click(folder_creator(*this, fm, folder));
+				btn.events().click.connect_unignorable(folder_creator(*this, fm, folder));

 				button btn_cancel(fm, nana::rectangle(235, 5, 60, 25));
 				btn_cancel.caption(STR("Cancel"));

-				btn_cancel.events().click([&fm](const arg_mouse&)
+				btn_cancel.events().click.connect_unignorable([&fm](const arg_mouse&)
 				{
 					fm.close();
 				});
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ namespace nana
 			auto fn_sel_file = [this](const arg_mouse& arg){
 				_m_sel_file(arg);
 			};
-			ls_file_.events().dbl_click(fn_sel_file);
-			ls_file_.events().mouse_down(fn_sel_file);
+			ls_file_.events().dbl_click.connect_unignorable(fn_sel_file);
+			ls_file_.events().mouse_down.connect_unignorable(fn_sel_file);
 			ls_file_.set_sort_compare(0, [](const nana::string& a, nana::any* fs_a, const nana::string& b, nana::any* fs_b, bool reverse) -> bool
 				{
 					int dira = fs_a->get<item_fs>()->directory ? 1 : 0;
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace nana
 			tb_file_.create(*this);
 			tb_file_.multi_lines(false);

-			tb_file_.events().key_char([this](const arg_keyboard& arg)
+			tb_file_.events().key_char.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_keyboard& arg)
 			{
 				if(arg.key == nana::keyboard::enter)
 					_m_ok();
@@ -270,19 +270,19 @@ namespace nana

 			cb_types_.create(*this);
 			cb_types_.editable(false);
-			cb_types_.events().selected([this](const arg_combox&){ _m_list_fs(); });
+			cb_types_.events().selected.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_combox&){ _m_list_fs(); });

 			btn_ok_.create(*this);
 			btn_ok_.caption(STR("&OK"));

-			btn_ok_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse&)
+			btn_ok_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse&)
 			{
 				_m_ok();
 			});
 			btn_cancel_.create(*this);
 			btn_cancel_.caption(STR("&Cancel"));

-			btn_cancel_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse&)
+			btn_cancel_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse&)
 			{
 				API::close_window(handle());
 			});
@@ -440,12 +440,12 @@ namespace nana
 				}
 			}

-			tree_.events().expanded([this](const arg_treebox& arg)
+			tree_.events().expanded.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_treebox& arg)
 			{
 				_m_tr_expand(arg.item, arg.operated);
 			});

-			tree_.events().selected([this](const arg_treebox& arg)
+			tree_.events().selected.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_treebox& arg)
 			{
 				if(arg.operated && (arg.item.value<kind::t>() == kind::filesystem))
 				{
--- a/source/gui/msgbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/msgbox.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Message Box Class
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -9,17 +9,23 @@
 *
 *	@file: nana/gui/msgbox.hpp
 */
-#include <nana/gui/msgbox.hpp>
-#include <nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp>
+
+#include <nana/gui.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/button.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/spinbox.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/combox.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/textbox.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/panel.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/place.hpp>
+#include <nana/datetime.hpp>
+#include <nana/internationalization.hpp>
+#include <functional>
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
 	#include <windows.h>
 #elif defined(NANA_X11)
-	#include <nana/gui/wvl.hpp>
-	#include <nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp>
-	#include <nana/gui/widgets/button.hpp>
 	#include <nana/gui/widgets/picture.hpp>
 	#include <nana/paint/pixel_buffer.hpp>
-	#include <nana/gui/place.hpp>
 #endif

 namespace nana
@@ -29,17 +35,17 @@ namespace nana
 			: public form
 		{
 		public:
-			msgbox_window(window wd, const nana::string& title, msgbox::button_t btn, msgbox::icon_t ico)
-				:	form(wd, nana::rectangle(1, 1, 1, 1), appear::decorate<>()),
+			msgbox_window(window wd, const ::nana::string& title, msgbox::button_t btn, msgbox::icon_t ico)
+				:	form(wd, rectangle(1, 1, 1, 1), appear::decorate<>()),
 					owner_(wd), pick_(msgbox::pick_yes)
 			{
 				this->caption(title);
 				drawing dw(*this);
-				dw.draw([this](::nana::paint::graphics& graph)
+				dw.draw([this](paint::graphics& graph)
 				{
-					graph.rectangle(nana::rectangle{0, 0, graph.width(), graph.height() - 50}, 0xFFFFFF, true);
+					graph.rectangle(rectangle{0, 0, graph.width(), graph.height() - 50}, true, colors::white);
 					if(ico_.empty() == false)
-						ico_.stretch(ico_.size(), graph, ::nana::rectangle{12, 25, 32, 32});
+						ico_.stretch(ico_.size(), graph, rectangle{12, 25, 32, 32});
 				});

 				unsigned width_pixel = 45;
@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ namespace nana
 				place_.bind(*this);

 				yes_.create(*this);
-				yes_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
+				yes_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
 					_m_click(arg);
 				});
@@ -60,7 +66,7 @@ namespace nana
 					yes_.caption(STR("Yes"));
 					no_.create(*this);
 					no_.caption(STR("No"));
-					no_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
+					no_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
 					{
 						_m_click(arg);
 					});
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ namespace nana
 					{
 						cancel_.create(*this);
 						cancel_.caption(STR("Cancel"));
-						cancel_.events().click([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
+						cancel_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
 						{
 							_m_click(arg);
 						});
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ namespace nana
 					const unsigned text_pixels = 500 - ico_pixels;
 					text_.create(*this, nana::rectangle(12 + ico_pixels, 25, 1, 1));

-					text_.background(0xFFFFFF);
+					text_.bgcolor(colors::white);
 					text_.caption(text);

 					nana::size ts = text_.measure(text_pixels);
@@ -293,7 +299,7 @@ namespace nana
 					{
 						nana::paint::pixel_buffer pxbuf(32, 32);
 						pxbuf.put(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(rawpx), 32, 32, 32, 4*32, true);
-						ico_.make(32, 32);
+						ico_.make({32, 32});
 						pxbuf.paste(ico_.handle(), 0, 0);
 					}
 			}
@@ -319,146 +325,709 @@ namespace nana
 		};
 #endif

-		//class msgbox
-		msgbox::msgbox()
-			: wd_(nullptr), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
-		{}
+	//class msgbox
+	msgbox::msgbox()
+		: wd_(nullptr), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
+	{}

-		msgbox::msgbox(const msgbox& rhs)
-			: wd_(rhs.wd_), title_(rhs.title_), button_(rhs.button_), icon_(rhs.icon_)
+	msgbox::msgbox(const msgbox& rhs)
+		: wd_(rhs.wd_), title_(rhs.title_), button_(rhs.button_), icon_(rhs.icon_)
+	{
+		sstream_<<rhs.sstream_.str();
+	}
+
+	msgbox& msgbox::operator=(const msgbox& rhs)
+	{
+		if(this != &rhs)
 		{
-			sstream_<<rhs.sstream_.str();
+			wd_ = rhs.wd_;
+			title_ = rhs.title_;
+			button_ = rhs.button_;
+			icon_ = rhs.icon_;
+			sstream_ << rhs.sstream_.str();
 		}
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox& msgbox::operator=(const msgbox& rhs)
-		{
-			if(this != &rhs)
-			{
-				wd_ = rhs.wd_;
-				title_ = rhs.title_;
-				button_ = rhs.button_;
-				icon_ = rhs.icon_;
-				sstream_ << rhs.sstream_.str();
-			}
-			return *this;
-		}
+	msgbox::msgbox(const nana::string& title)
+		: wd_(nullptr), title_(title), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
+	{}

-		msgbox::msgbox(const nana::string& title)
-			: wd_(nullptr), title_(title), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
-		{}
+	msgbox::msgbox(window wd, const nana::string& title)
+		: wd_(wd), title_(title), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
+	{}

-		msgbox::msgbox(window wd, const nana::string& title)
-			: wd_(wd), title_(title), button_(ok), icon_(icon_none)
-		{}
+	msgbox::msgbox(window wd, const nana::string& title, button_t b)
+		: wd_(wd), title_(title), button_(b), icon_(icon_none)
+	{}

-		msgbox::msgbox(window wd, const nana::string& title, button_t b)
-			: wd_(wd), title_(title), button_(b), icon_(icon_none)
-		{}
+	msgbox& msgbox::icon(icon_t ic)
+	{
+		icon_ = ic;
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox& msgbox::icon(icon_t ic)
-		{
-			icon_ = ic;
-			return *this;
-		}
+	void msgbox::clear()
+	{
+		sstream_.str("");
+		sstream_.clear();
+	}

-		void msgbox::clear()
-		{
-			sstream_.str("");
-			sstream_.clear();
-		}
-
-		msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::string& str)
-		{
+	msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::string& str)
+	{
 #if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
-			sstream_<<static_cast<std::string>(nana::charset(str));
+		sstream_<<static_cast<std::string>(nana::charset(str));
 #else
-			sstream_<<str;
+		sstream_<<str;
 #endif
-			return *this;
-		}
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::char_t* str)
-		{
+	msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::char_t* str)
+	{
 #if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
-			sstream_<<static_cast<std::string>(nana::charset(str));;
+		sstream_<<static_cast<std::string>(nana::charset(str));;
 #else
-			sstream_<<str;
+		sstream_<<str;
 #endif
-			return *this;
-		}
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::charset& cs)
-		{
-			std::string str = cs;
-			sstream_ << str;
-			return *this;
-		}
+	msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(const nana::charset& cs)
+	{
+		std::string str = cs;
+		sstream_ << str;
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(std::ostream& (*manipulator)(std::ostream&))
-		{
-			sstream_<<manipulator;
-			return *this;
-		}
+	msgbox & msgbox::operator<<(std::ostream& (*manipulator)(std::ostream&))
+	{
+		sstream_<<manipulator;
+		return *this;
+	}

-		msgbox::pick_t msgbox::show() const
-		{
+	msgbox::pick_t msgbox::show() const
+	{
 #if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
-			int type = 0;
-			switch(button_)
-			{
-			case msgbox::ok:
-				type = MB_OK;
-				break;
-			case msgbox::yes_no:
-				type = MB_YESNO;
-				break;
-			case msgbox::yes_no_cancel:
-				type = MB_YESNOCANCEL;
-				break;
-			}
+		int type = 0;
+		switch(button_)
+		{
+		case msgbox::ok:
+			type = MB_OK;
+			break;
+		case msgbox::yes_no:
+			type = MB_YESNO;
+			break;
+		case msgbox::yes_no_cancel:
+			type = MB_YESNOCANCEL;
+			break;
+		}

-			switch(icon_)
-			{
-			case msgbox::icon_error:
-				type |= MB_ICONERROR;
-				break;
-			case msgbox::icon_question:
-				type |= MB_ICONQUESTION;
-				break;
-			case msgbox::icon_information:
-				type |= MB_ICONINFORMATION;
-				break;
-			case msgbox::icon_warning:
-				type |= MB_ICONWARNING;
-				break;
-            default:    break;
-			}
+		switch(icon_)
+		{
+		case msgbox::icon_error:
+			type |= MB_ICONERROR;
+			break;
+		case msgbox::icon_question:
+			type |= MB_ICONQUESTION;
+			break;
+		case msgbox::icon_information:
+			type |= MB_ICONINFORMATION;
+			break;
+		case msgbox::icon_warning:
+			type |= MB_ICONWARNING;
+			break;
+        default:    break;
+		}

 		#if defined(NANA_UNICODE)
 			int bt = ::MessageBoxW(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(API::root(wd_)), static_cast<std::wstring>(nana::charset(sstream_.str())).c_str(), title_.c_str(), type);
 		#else
 			int bt = ::MessageBoxA(reinterpret_cast<HWND>(API::root(wd_), sstream_.str().c_str(), title_.c_str(), type);
 		#endif
-			switch(bt)
-			{
-			case IDOK:
-				return pick_ok;
-			case IDYES:
-				return pick_yes;
-			case IDNO:
-				return pick_no;
-			case IDCANCEL:
-				return pick_cancel;
-			}
-
-			return pick_yes;
-#elif defined(NANA_X11)
-			msgbox_window box(wd_, title_, button_, icon_);
-			box.prompt(nana::charset(sstream_.str()));
-			return box.pick();
-#endif
+		switch(bt)
+		{
+		case IDOK:
+			return pick_ok;
+		case IDYES:
 			return pick_yes;
+		case IDNO:
+			return pick_no;
+		case IDCANCEL:
+			return pick_cancel;
 		}

-		//end class msgbox
+		return pick_yes;
+#elif defined(NANA_X11)
+		msgbox_window box(wd_, title_, button_, icon_);
+		box.prompt(nana::charset(sstream_.str()));
+		return box.pick();
+#endif
+		return pick_yes;
+	}
+	//end class msgbox
+
+
+	//class inputbox
+
+	class inputbox_window
+		: public ::nana::form
+	{
+	public:
+		inputbox_window(window owner, const ::nana::string & desc, const ::nana::string& title, std::size_t contents, unsigned fixed_pixels, const std::vector<unsigned>& each_height)
+			: form(owner, API::make_center(owner, 500, 300), appear::decorate<>())
+		{
+			desc_.create(*this);
+			desc_.format(true).caption(desc);
+			auto desc_extent = desc_.measure(470);
+
+			btn_ok_.create(*this);
+			btn_ok_.i18n(i18n_eval("OK"));
+			btn_ok_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this]{
+
+				if (verifier_ && !verifier_(handle()))
+					return;
+
+				close();
+				valid_input_ = true;
+			});
+			
+			btn_cancel_.create(*this);
+			btn_cancel_.i18n(i18n_eval("Cancel"));
+			btn_cancel_.events().click.connect_unignorable([this]{
+				close();
+			});
+
+			unsigned height = 20 + desc_extent.height + 10 + 38;
+
+			place_.bind(*this);
+			std::stringstream ss;
+			ss << "margin=10 vert <desc weight=" << desc_extent.height << "><vert margin=[10]";
+			
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < contents; ++i)
+			{
+				unsigned px = 27;
+				if (each_height[i] > 27)
+					px = each_height[i];
+
+				ss << "<weight="<<px<<" margin=[3] input_" << i << ">";
+
+				height += px + 1;
+			}
+
+			ss << "><margin=[15] weight=38<><buttons arrange=80 gap=10 weight=170>>";
+
+			place_.div(ss.str().data());
+			place_["desc"] << desc_;
+			place_["buttons"] << btn_ok_ << btn_cancel_;
+
+			if (desc_extent.width < 170)
+				desc_extent.width = 170;
+
+			//Make sure the complete display of input extent
+			if (desc_extent.width < fixed_pixels)
+				desc_extent.width = fixed_pixels;
+
+			size({ desc_extent.width + 20, height });
+			caption(title);
+		}
+
+		void set_input(const std::vector<window>& inputs, std::function<bool(window)> verifier)
+		{
+			verifier_ = std::move(verifier);
+
+			std::size_t index = 0;
+			for (auto wd : inputs)
+			{
+				std::stringstream ss;
+				ss << "input_" << index++;
+				place_[ss.str().data()] << wd;
+			}
+			place_.collocate();
+			show();
+		}
+
+		bool valid_input() const
+		{
+			return valid_input_;
+		}
+	private:
+		::nana::label	desc_;
+		::nana::button	btn_ok_;
+		::nana::button	btn_cancel_;
+		bool	valid_input_{ false };
+		::nana::place	place_;
+		std::function<bool(window)> verifier_;
+	};
+
+	//class integer
+	struct inputbox::integer::implement
+	{
+		int value;
+		int begin;
+		int last;
+		int step;
+
+		::nana::string label_text;
+		::nana::panel<false> dock;
+		::nana::label label;
+		::nana::spinbox spinbox;
+	};
+
+	inputbox::integer::integer(::nana::string label, int init_value, int begin, int last, int step)
+		: impl_(new implement)
+	{
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->value = init_value;
+		impl->begin = begin;
+		impl->last = last;
+		impl->step = step;
+		impl->label_text = std::move(label);
+	}
+
+	//Instance for impl_ because implmenet is incomplete type at the point of declaration
+	inputbox::integer::~integer(){}
+
+	int inputbox::integer::value() const
+	{
+		return impl_->value;
+	}
+
+	//Implementation of abstract_content
+	const ::nana::string& inputbox::integer::label() const
+	{
+		return impl_->label_text;
+	}
+
+	window inputbox::integer::create(window parent, unsigned label_px)
+	{
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->dock.create(parent);
+
+		impl->label.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ 0, 0, label_px, 0 });
+		impl->label.text_align(::nana::align::right, ::nana::align_v::center);
+		impl->label.caption(impl->label_text);
+		impl->label.format(true);
+
+		//get the longest value
+		int longest = (std::abs((impl->begin < 0 ? impl->begin * 10 : impl->begin)) < std::abs(impl->last < 0 ? impl->last * 10 : impl->last) ? impl->last : impl->begin);
+		std::wstringstream ss;
+		ss << longest;
+		paint::graphics graph{ ::nana::size{ 10, 10 } };
+		auto value_px = graph.text_extent_size(ss.str()).width + 34;
+
+		impl->spinbox.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ static_cast<int>(label_px + 10), 0, value_px, 0 });
+		impl->spinbox.range(impl->begin, impl->last, impl->step);
+		//impl->spinbox.set_accept_integer(); //deprecated
+
+		//Workaround for no implementation of std::to_wstring by MinGW.
+		ss.str(L"");
+		ss.clear();
+		ss << impl->value;
+		impl->spinbox.value(ss.str());
+
+		impl->dock.events().resized.connect_unignorable([impl, label_px, value_px](const ::nana::arg_resized& arg)
+		{
+			impl->label.size({ label_px, 24 });
+			impl->spinbox.size({ value_px, 24 });
+		});
+
+		impl->spinbox.events().destroy.connect_unignorable([impl]
+		{
+			impl->value = impl->spinbox.to_int();
+		});
+
+		return impl->dock;
+	}
+
+	unsigned inputbox::integer::fixed_pixels() const
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+	//end class integer
+
+
+	//class real
+	struct inputbox::real::implement
+	{
+		double value;
+		double begin;
+		double last;
+		double step;
+
+		::nana::string label_text;
+		::nana::panel<false> dock;
+		::nana::label label;
+		::nana::spinbox spinbox;
+	};
+
+	inputbox::real::real(::nana::string label, double init_value, double begin, double last, double step)
+		: impl_(new implement)
+	{
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->value = init_value;
+		impl->begin = begin;
+		impl->last = last;
+		impl->step = step;
+		impl->label_text = std::move(label);
+	}
+
+	//Instance for impl_ because implmenet is incomplete type at the point of declaration
+	inputbox::real::~real(){}
+
+	double inputbox::real::value() const
+	{
+		return impl_->value;
+	}
+
+	//Implementation of abstract_content
+	const ::nana::string& inputbox::real::label() const
+	{
+		return impl_->label_text;
+	}
+
+	window inputbox::real::create(window parent, unsigned label_px)
+	{
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->dock.create(parent);
+
+		impl->label.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ 0, 0, label_px, 0 });
+		impl->label.text_align(::nana::align::right, ::nana::align_v::center);
+		impl->label.caption(impl->label_text);
+		impl->label.format(true);
+
+		//get the longest value
+		auto longest = (std::abs((impl->begin < 0 ? impl->begin * 10 : impl->begin)) < std::abs(impl->last < 0 ? impl->last * 10 : impl->last) ? impl->last : impl->begin);
+		std::wstringstream ss;
+		ss << longest;
+		paint::graphics graph{ ::nana::size{ 10, 10 } };
+		auto value_px = graph.text_extent_size(ss.str()).width + 34;
+
+		impl->spinbox.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ static_cast<int>(label_px + 10), 0, value_px, 0 });
+		impl->spinbox.range(impl->begin, impl->last, impl->step);
+		//impl->spinbox.set_accept_real();	//deprecated
+
+		//Workaround for no implementation of std::to_wstring by MinGW.
+		ss.str(L"");
+		ss.clear();
+		ss << impl->value;
+		impl->spinbox.value(ss.str());
+
+		impl->dock.events().resized.connect_unignorable([impl, label_px, value_px](const ::nana::arg_resized& arg)
+		{
+			impl->label.size({ label_px, 24 });
+			impl->spinbox.size({ value_px, 24 });
+		});
+
+		impl->spinbox.events().destroy.connect_unignorable([impl]
+		{
+			impl->value = impl->spinbox.to_int();
+		});
+
+		return impl->dock;
+	}
+
+	unsigned inputbox::real::fixed_pixels() const
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+	//end class real
+
+
+	//class text
+	struct inputbox::text::implement
+	{
+		::nana::string value;
+		std::vector< ::nana::string> options;
+
+		::nana::string label_text;
+		::nana::panel<false> dock;
+		::nana::label label;
+		::nana::combox combox;
+		::nana::textbox textbox;
+	};
+
+	inputbox::text::text(::nana::string label)
+		: impl_(new implement)
+	{
+		impl_->label_text = std::move(label);
+	}
+
+	inputbox::text::text(::nana::string label, std::vector<::nana::string> options)
+		: impl_(new implement)
+	{
+		impl_->options.swap(options);
+		impl_->label_text = std::move(label);
+	}
+
+	//Instance for impl_ because implmenet is incomplete type at the point of declaration
+	inputbox::text::~text(){}
+
+	::nana::string inputbox::text::value() const
+	{
+		return impl_->value;
+	}
+
+	//Implementation of abstract_content
+	const ::nana::string& inputbox::text::label() const
+	{
+		return impl_->label_text;
+	}
+
+	window inputbox::text::create(window parent, unsigned label_px)
+	{
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->dock.create(parent);
+
+		impl->label.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ 0, 0, label_px, 0 });
+		impl->label.text_align(::nana::align::right, ::nana::align_v::center);
+		impl->label.caption(impl->label_text);
+		impl->label.format(true);
+
+		unsigned value_px = 0;
+		if (impl->options.empty())
+		{
+			impl->textbox.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ static_cast<int>(label_px + 10), 0, 0, 0 });
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			//get the longest value
+			paint::graphics graph{ ::nana::size{ 10, 10 } };
+			for (auto & s : impl->options)
+			{
+				auto px = graph.text_extent_size(s).width;
+				if (px > value_px)
+					value_px = px;
+			}
+			value_px += 34;
+
+			impl->combox.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ static_cast<int>(label_px + 10), 0, value_px, 0 });
+
+			for (auto & s : impl->options)
+				impl->combox.push_back(s);
+
+			impl->combox.option(0);
+		}
+
+		impl->dock.events().resized.connect_unignorable([impl, label_px, value_px](const ::nana::arg_resized& arg)
+		{
+			impl->label.size({ label_px, arg.height });
+			if (value_px)
+				impl->combox.size({ value_px, 24 });
+			else
+				impl->textbox.size({arg.width - label_px - 10, 24});
+		});
+
+		auto & wdg = (value_px ? static_cast<widget&>(impl->combox) : static_cast<widget&>(impl->textbox));
+		wdg.events().destroy.connect_unignorable([&wdg, impl]
+		{
+			impl->value = wdg.caption();
+		});
+		return impl->dock;
+	}
+
+	unsigned inputbox::text::fixed_pixels() const
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+	//end class text
+
+
+	//class date
+	struct inputbox::date::implement
+	{
+		int year;
+		int month;
+		int day;
+
+		::nana::string label_text;
+		::nana::panel<false> dock;
+		::nana::label label;
+		::nana::combox wdg_month;
+		::nana::spinbox wdg_day;
+		::nana::spinbox wdg_year;
+	};
+
+	inputbox::date::date(::nana::string label)
+		: impl_(new implement)
+	{
+		impl_->label_text = std::move(label);
+	}
+
+	//Instance for impl_ because implmenet is incomplete type at the point of declaration
+	inputbox::date::~date(){}
+
+	::nana::string inputbox::date::value() const
+	{
+		std::wstringstream ss;
+		ss << impl_->month << L'-' << impl_->day << L", " << impl_->year;
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+	int inputbox::date::year() const
+	{
+		return impl_->year;
+	}
+
+	int inputbox::date::month() const
+	{
+		return impl_->month;
+	}
+	int inputbox::date::day() const
+	{
+		return impl_->day;
+	}
+
+	//Implementation of abstract_content
+	const ::nana::string& inputbox::date::label() const
+	{
+		return impl_->label_text;
+	}
+
+	window inputbox::date::create(window parent, unsigned label_px)
+	{
+		auto today = ::nana::date().read();
+		
+		auto impl = impl_.get();
+		impl->dock.create(parent);
+
+		impl->label.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ 0, 0, label_px, 0 });
+		impl->label.text_align(::nana::align::right, ::nana::align_v::center);
+		impl->label.caption(impl->label_text);
+		impl->label.format(true);
+
+		int left = static_cast<int>(label_px + 10);
+		impl->wdg_month.create(impl->dock, rectangle{left, 0, 94, 0});
+
+		::nana::internationalization i18n;
+		const char * monthstr[] = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"};
+		for (auto i = std::begin(monthstr), end = std::end(monthstr); i != end; ++i)
+			impl->wdg_month.push_back(i18n(*i));
+
+		left += 104;
+		impl->wdg_day.create(impl->dock, rectangle{ left, 0, 38, 0 });
+		impl->wdg_day.range(1, ::nana::date::month_days(today.year, today.month), 1);
+		//impl->wdg_day.set_accept_integer();	//deprecated
+
+		left += 48;
+		impl->wdg_year.create(impl->dock, rectangle{left, 0, 50, 0});
+		impl->wdg_year.range(1601, 9999, 1);
+		//impl->wdg_year.set_accept_integer();	//deprecated
+
+		impl->wdg_month.option(today.month - 1);
+
+		std::wstringstream ss;
+		ss << today.day;
+		impl->wdg_day.value(ss.str());
+		ss.str(L"");
+		ss.clear();
+		ss << today.year;
+		impl->wdg_year.value(ss.str());
+
+		impl->dock.events().resized.connect_unignorable([impl, label_px](const ::nana::arg_resized& arg)
+		{
+			impl->label.size({ label_px, arg.height });
+			auto sz = impl->wdg_month.size();
+			sz.height = 24;
+			impl->wdg_month.size(sz);
+
+			sz = impl->wdg_day.size();
+			sz.height = 24;
+			impl->wdg_day.size(sz);
+
+			sz = impl->wdg_year.size();
+			sz.height = 24;
+			impl->wdg_year.size(sz);
+		});
+
+		impl->wdg_day.events().destroy.connect_unignorable([impl]
+		{
+			impl->day = impl->wdg_day.to_int();
+			impl->month = impl->wdg_month.option() + 1;
+		});
+
+		impl->wdg_year.events().destroy.connect_unignorable([impl]
+		{
+			impl->year = impl->wdg_year.to_int();
+		});
+
+		auto make_days = [impl]
+		{
+			auto month = impl->wdg_month.option() + 1;
+			auto year = impl->wdg_year.to_int();
+			int days = ::nana::date::month_days(year, month);
+
+			auto day = impl->wdg_day.to_int();
+			impl->wdg_day.range(1, days, 1); //It resets the current value of wdg_day
+			
+			if (day > days)
+				day = days;
+			
+			std::wstringstream ss;
+			ss << day;
+			impl->wdg_day.value(ss.str());
+		};
+
+		impl->wdg_year.events().text_changed.connect_unignorable(make_days);
+		impl->wdg_month.events().selected.connect_unignorable(make_days);
+
+		return impl->dock;
+	}
+
+	unsigned inputbox::date::fixed_pixels() const
+	{
+		return 202;
+	}
+	//end class date
+
+
+	inputbox::inputbox(window owner, ::nana::string desc, ::nana::string title)
+		:	owner_{ owner },
+			description_(std::move(desc)),
+			title_(std::move(title))
+	{}
+
+	void inputbox::verify(std::function<bool(window)> verifier)
+	{
+		verifier_ = std::move(verifier);
+	}
+
+	void inputbox::_m_fetch_args(std::vector<abstract_content*>&)
+	{}
+
+
+	bool inputbox::_m_open(std::vector<abstract_content*>& contents, bool modal)
+	{
+		std::vector<unsigned> each_pixels;
+		unsigned label_px = 0, fixed_px = 0;
+		paint::graphics graph({ 5, 5 });
+		for (auto p : contents)
+		{
+			auto px = label::measure(graph, p->label(), 150, true, align::right, align_v::center);
+			if (px.width > label_px)
+				label_px = px.width;
+
+			px.width = p->fixed_pixels();
+			if (px.width > fixed_px)
+				fixed_px = px.width;
+
+			each_pixels.push_back(px.height);
+		}
+
+		inputbox_window input_wd(owner_, description_, title_, contents.size(), label_px + 10 + fixed_px, each_pixels);
+
+		std::vector<window> inputs;
+		for (auto p : contents)
+			inputs.push_back(p->create(input_wd, label_px));
+
+		input_wd.set_input(inputs, verifier_);
+
+		if (modal)
+			input_wd.modality();
+		else
+			API::wait_for(input_wd);
+
+		return input_wd.valid_input();
+	}
+	//end class inputbox
 }
--- a/source/gui/place.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/place.cpp
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ namespace nana
 				splitter_.cursor(splitter_cursor_);

 				dragger_.trigger(splitter_);
-				splitter_.events().mouse_down.connect([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
+				splitter_.events().mouse_down.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
 					if (false == arg.left_button)
 						return;
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ namespace nana
 					right_pixels_ = area_right.*px_ptr;
 				});

-				splitter_.events().mouse_move.connect([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
+				splitter_.events().mouse_move.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
 					if (false == arg.left_button)
 						return;
--- a/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/programming_interface.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,9 @@ namespace API
 	}

 	void effects_bground(window wd, const effects::bground_factory_interface& factory, double fade_rate)
-	{	
+	{
+		if (fade_rate < 0.0 || fade_rate > 1.0)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("effects_bground: value range of fade_rate must be [0, 1].");
 		auto const iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard isg;
 		if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
@@ -110,6 +112,10 @@ namespace API
 			iwd->effect.bground = new_effect_ptr;
 			iwd->effect.bground_fade_rate = fade_rate;
 			restrict::window_manager.enable_effects_bground(iwd, true);
+			
+			if (fade_rate < 0.01)
+				iwd->flags.make_bground_declared = true;
+
 			API::refresh_window(wd);
 		}
 	}
@@ -150,14 +156,29 @@ namespace API
 			return false;
 		}

+		void set_scheme(window wd, widget_colors* wdg_colors)
+		{
+			auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			if (restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
+				iwd->scheme = wdg_colors;
+		}
+
+		widget_colors* get_scheme(window wd)
+		{
+			auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return (restrict::window_manager.available(iwd) ? iwd->scheme : nullptr);
+		}
+
 		void attach_drawer(widget& wd, drawer_trigger& dr)
 		{
 			const auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd.handle());
 			internal_scope_guard isg;
 			if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
 			{
-				iwd->drawer.graphics.make(iwd->dimension.width, iwd->dimension.height);
-				iwd->drawer.graphics.rectangle(iwd->color.background, true);
+				iwd->drawer.graphics.make(iwd->dimension);
+				iwd->drawer.graphics.rectangle(true, iwd->scheme->background.get_color());
 				iwd->drawer.attached(wd, dr);
 				iwd->drawer.refresh();	//Always redrawe no matter it is visible or invisible. This can make the graphics data correctly.
 			}
@@ -291,16 +312,6 @@ namespace API
 		restrict::window_manager.unregister_shortkey(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd), false);
 	}

-	nana::size screen_size()
-	{
-		return restrict::interface_type::screen_size();
-	}
-
-	rectangle screen_area_from_point(const point& pos)
-	{
-		return restrict::interface_type::screen_area_from_point(pos);
-	}
-
 	nana::point	cursor_position()
 	{
 		return restrict::interface_type::cursor_position();
@@ -308,7 +319,7 @@ namespace API

 	nana::rectangle make_center(unsigned width, unsigned height)
 	{
-		nana::size screen = restrict::interface_type::screen_size();
+		nana::size screen = restrict::interface_type::primary_monitor_size();
 		nana::rectangle result(
 			width > screen.width? 0: (screen.width - width)>>1,
 			height > screen.height? 0: (screen.height - height)>> 1,
@@ -343,6 +354,11 @@ namespace API
 		return (restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)) == false);
 	}

+	bool is_window(window wd)
+	{
+		return restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd));
+	}
+
 	void enable_dropfiles(window wd, bool enb)
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
@@ -529,9 +545,9 @@ namespace API
 		}
 	}

-	void bring_to_top(window wd)
+	void bring_top(window wd, bool activated)
 	{
-		restrict::interface_type::bring_to_top(root(wd));
+		restrict::interface_type::bring_top(root(wd), activated);
 	}

 	bool set_window_z_order(window wd, window wd_after, z_order_action action_if_no_wd_after)
@@ -558,6 +574,27 @@ namespace API
 		return false;
 	}

+	void draw_through(window wd, std::function<void()> draw_fn)
+	{
+		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
+		internal_scope_guard lock;
+		if (!restrict::bedrock.wd_manager.available(iwd))
+			throw std::invalid_argument("draw_through: invalid window parameter");
+
+		if (::nana::category::flags::root != iwd->other.category)
+			throw std::invalid_argument("draw_through: the window is not a root widget");
+
+		iwd->other.attribute.root->draw_through.swap(draw_fn);
+	}
+
+	void map_through_widgets(window wd, native_drawable_type drawable)
+	{
+		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<::nana::detail::basic_window*>(wd);
+		internal_scope_guard lock;
+		if (restrict::bedrock.wd_manager.available(iwd) && iwd->is_draw_through() )
+			restrict::bedrock.map_through_widgets(iwd, drawable);
+	}
+
 	nana::size window_size(window wd)
 	{
 		nana::rectangle r;
@@ -669,6 +706,12 @@ namespace API
 		restrict::window_manager.update(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd), false, true);
 	}

+
+	void window_caption(window wd, const std::string& title_utf8)
+	{
+		window_caption(wd, std::wstring(::nana::charset(title_utf8, ::nana::unicode::utf8)));
+	}
+
 	void window_caption(window wd, const nana::string& title)
 	{
 		auto const iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
@@ -790,80 +833,85 @@ namespace API
 			restrict::bedrock.pump_event(wd, false);
 	}

-	nana::color_t foreground(window wd)
+	color fgcolor(window wd)
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->color.foreground;
-		return 0;
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
+			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->scheme->foreground.get_color();
+		return{};
 	}

-	color_t foreground(window wd, color_t col)
+	color fgcolor(window wd, const color& clr)
 	{
 		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
 		{
-			color_t prev = iwd->color.foreground;
-			if(prev != col)
+			auto prev = iwd->scheme->foreground.get_color();
+			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->color.foreground = col;
+				iwd->scheme->foreground = clr;
 				restrict::window_manager.update(iwd, true, false);
 			}
 			return prev;
 		}
-		return 0;
+		return{};
 	}

-	color_t background(window wd)
+	color bgcolor(window wd)
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->color.background;
-		return 0;
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
+			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->scheme->background.get_color();
+		return{};
 	}

-	color_t background(window wd, color_t col)
+	color bgcolor(window wd, const color& clr)
 	{
 		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
 		{
-			color_t prev = iwd->color.background;
-			if(prev != col)
+			auto prev = iwd->scheme->background.get_color();
+			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->color.background = col;
+				iwd->scheme->background = clr;
+				
+				//If the bground mode of this window is basic, it should remake the background
+				if (iwd->effect.bground && iwd->effect.bground_fade_rate < 0.01) // fade rate < 0.01 means it is basic mode
+					iwd->flags.make_bground_declared = true;
+
 				restrict::window_manager.update(iwd, true, false);
 			}
 			return prev;
 		}
-		return 0;
+		return{};
 	}

-	color_t active(window wd)
+	color activated_color(window wd)
 	{
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
-			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->color.active;
-		return 0;
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)))
+			return reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd)->scheme->activated.get_color();
+		return{};
 	}

-	color_t active(window wd, color_t col)
+	color activated_color(window wd, const color& clr)
 	{
 		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
-		if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
+		if (restrict::window_manager.available(iwd))
 		{
-			color_t prev = iwd->color.active;
-			if(prev != col)
+			auto prev = iwd->scheme->activated.get_color();
+			if (prev != clr)
 			{
-				iwd->color.active = col;
+				iwd->scheme->activated = clr;
 				restrict::window_manager.update(iwd, true, false);
 			}
 			return prev;
 		}
-		
-		return 0;
+
+		return{};
 	}

 	void create_caret(window wd, unsigned width, unsigned height)
@@ -886,12 +934,12 @@ namespace API
 		}
 	}

-	void caret_pos(window wd, int x, int y)
+	void caret_pos(window wd, const point& pos)
 	{
 		auto iwd = reinterpret_cast<restrict::core_window_t*>(wd);
 		internal_scope_guard lock;
 		if(restrict::window_manager.available(iwd) && iwd->together.caret)
-			iwd->together.caret->position(x, y);
+			iwd->together.caret->position(pos.x, pos.y);
 	}

 	nana::point caret_pos(window wd)
--- a/source/gui/screen.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/screen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ *	Screen Informations
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *
+ *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ *	http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ *
+ *	@file: nana/gui/screen.cpp
+ */
+#include <nana/gui/screen.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <nana/gui/detail/native_window_interface.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/programming_interface.hpp>
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+	#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nana
+{
+	//class display
+	class real_display
+		: public display
+	{
+	public:
+		real_display(std::size_t number)
+			: index_(number)
+		{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+			DISPLAY_DEVICE disp;
+			disp.cb = sizeof disp;
+			if (::EnumDisplayDevices(nullptr, static_cast<DWORD>(index_), &disp, 0))
+			{
+				DEVMODE mode;
+				mode.dmSize = sizeof mode;
+				if (::EnumDisplaySettings(disp.DeviceName, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &mode))
+				{
+					area_.x = mode.dmPosition.x;
+					area_.y = mode.dmPosition.y;
+					area_.width = mode.dmPelsWidth;
+					area_.height = mode.dmPelsHeight;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+#else
+			if (0 == index_)
+			{
+				area_ = detail::native_interface::primary_monitor_size();
+				return;
+			}
+#endif
+			throw std::invalid_argument("Nana.Screen: Invalid monitor index.");
+		}
+
+		real_display(std::size_t number, const ::nana::rectangle& r)
+			: index_(number), area_(r)
+		{
+		}
+	public:
+		//Implementation of display
+		std::size_t get_index() const override
+		{
+			return index_;
+		}
+
+		const ::nana::rectangle& area() const override
+		{
+			return area_;
+		}
+	private:
+		const std::size_t	index_;
+		::nana::rectangle	area_;
+	};
+
+	//class screen
+
+	::nana::size screen::desktop_size()
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+		auto w = static_cast<size::value_type>(::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN));
+		auto h = static_cast<size::value_type>(::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN));
+		return{w, h};
+#else
+		return ::nana::detail::native_interface::primary_monitor_size();
+#endif
+	}
+
+	::nana::size screen::primary_monitor_size()
+	{
+		return ::nana::detail::native_interface::primary_monitor_size();
+	}
+
+	std::shared_ptr<display> screen::from_point(const point& pos)
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+		typedef HMONITOR(__stdcall * MonitorFromPointT)(POINT, DWORD);
+
+		MonitorFromPointT mfp = reinterpret_cast<MonitorFromPointT>(::GetProcAddress(::GetModuleHandleA("User32.DLL"), "MonitorFromPoint"));
+		if (mfp)
+		{
+			POINT native_pos = { pos.x, pos.y };
+			HMONITOR monitor = mfp(native_pos, 2 /*MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST*/);
+
+			MONITORINFO mi;
+			mi.cbSize = sizeof mi;
+			if (::GetMonitorInfo(monitor, &mi))
+			{
+				DISPLAY_DEVICE disp;
+				disp.cb = sizeof disp;
+
+				DWORD index = 0;
+				while (::EnumDisplayDevices(nullptr, index++, &disp, 0))
+				{
+					DEVMODE mode;
+					mode.dmSize = sizeof mode;
+					if (::EnumDisplaySettings(disp.DeviceName, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &mode))
+					{
+						if (mode.dmPosition.x == mi.rcWork.left && mode.dmPosition.y == mi.rcWork.top &&
+							(static_cast<int>(mode.dmPelsWidth) == mi.rcWork.right - mi.rcWork.left) &&
+							(static_cast<int>(mode.dmPelsHeight) == mi.rcWork.bottom - mi.rcWork.top))
+						{
+							return std::make_shared<real_display>(static_cast<std::size_t>(index - 1), rectangle{ mode.dmPosition.x, mode.dmPosition.y, static_cast<unsigned>(mode.dmPelsWidth), static_cast<unsigned>(mode.dmPelsHeight) });
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+		return screen().get_primary();
+	}
+
+	std::shared_ptr<display> screen::from_window(window wd)
+	{
+		::nana::point pos;
+		API::calc_screen_point(wd, pos);
+		return from_point(pos);
+	}
+
+	std::size_t screen::count() const
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+		DISPLAY_DEVICE disp;
+		disp.cb = sizeof disp;
+
+		DWORD index = 0;
+		while (::EnumDisplayDevices(nullptr, index++, &disp, 0));
+		return static_cast<std::size_t>(index - 1);
+#else
+		return 1;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	std::shared_ptr<display> screen::get_display(std::size_t index) const
+	{
+		return std::make_shared<real_display>(index);
+	}
+
+	std::shared_ptr<display> screen::get_primary() const
+	{
+#if defined(NANA_WINDOWS)
+		//return rectangle(mi.rcWork.left, mi.rcWork.top,
+		//	mi.rcWork.right - mi.rcWork.left, mi.rcWork.bottom - mi.rcWork.top);
+		DISPLAY_DEVICE disp;
+		disp.cb = sizeof disp;
+
+		DWORD index = 0;
+		while (::EnumDisplayDevices(nullptr, index++, &disp, 0))
+		{
+			DEVMODE mode;
+			mode.dmSize = sizeof mode;
+			if (::EnumDisplaySettings(disp.DeviceName, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &mode))
+			{
+				if (mode.dmPosition.x == 0 && mode.dmPosition.y == 0)
+					return std::make_shared<real_display>(static_cast<std::size_t>(index - 1), rectangle{ mode.dmPosition.x, mode.dmPosition.y, static_cast<unsigned>(mode.dmPelsWidth), static_cast<unsigned>(mode.dmPelsHeight) });
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+		return std::make_shared<real_display>(0);
+	}
+
+	void screen::for_each(std::function<void(display&)> fn) const
+	{
+		auto n = count();
+		for (decltype(n) i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+		{
+			real_display disp(i);
+			fn(disp);
+		}
+	}
+	//end class screen
+}
--- a/source/gui/tooltip.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/tooltip.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <nana/gui/tooltip.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/label.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/timer.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/screen.hpp>
 #include <memory>

 namespace nana
@@ -26,14 +27,14 @@ namespace nana
 			private:
 				void refresh(graph_reference graph)
 				{
-					graph.rectangle(0x0, false);
-					graph.rectangle(1, 1, graph.width() - 2, graph.height() - 2, 0xF0F0F0, true);
+					graph.rectangle(false, colors::black);
+					graph.rectangle(::nana::rectangle(graph.size()).pare_off(1), true, {0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0});
 				}
 			};

 			nana::point pos_by_screen(nana::point pos, const nana::size& sz, bool overlap_allowed)
 			{
-				auto scr_area = API::screen_area_from_point(pos);
+				auto scr_area = screen::from_point(pos)->area();
 				if (pos.x + sz.width > scr_area.x + scr_area.width)
 					pos.x = static_cast<int>(scr_area.x + scr_area.width - sz.width);
 				if (pos.x < scr_area.x)
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ namespace nana
 				void tooltip_text(const nana::string& text) override
 				{
 					label_.caption(text);
-					auto text_s = label_.measure(API::screen_size().width * 2 / 3);
+					auto text_s = label_.measure(screen::from_window(label_)->area().width * 2 / 3);
 					this->size(nana::size{ text_s.width + 10, text_s.height + 10 });
 					label_.move(rectangle{ 5, 5, text_s.width, text_s.height });

--- a/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/button.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Button Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -20,12 +20,8 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 		//trigger
 		//@brief: draw the button
 		trigger::trigger()
-			:	widget_(nullptr),
-				graph_(nullptr),
-				cite_("button")
 		{
 			attr_.e_state = element_state::normal;
-
 			attr_.omitted = attr_.focused = attr_.pushed = attr_.enable_pushed = attr_.keep_pressed =  false;
 			attr_.focus_color = true;
 			attr_.icon = nullptr;
@@ -40,7 +36,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 		{
 			graph_ = &graph;

-			widget_ = &widget;
+			wdg_ = &widget;
 			window wd = widget;

 			API::tabstop(wd);
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 				attr_.pushed = pshd;
 				if(false == pshd)
 				{
-					if (API::find_window(API::cursor_position()) == widget_->handle())
+					if (API::find_window(API::cursor_position()) == wdg_->handle())
 						attr_.e_state = element_state::hovered;
 					else
 						attr_.e_state = element_state::normal;
@@ -128,13 +124,13 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 			attr_.keep_pressed = true;

 			_m_draw(graph);
-			API::capture_window(*widget_, true);
+			API::capture_window(*wdg_, true);
 			API::lazy_refresh();
 		}

 		void trigger::mouse_up(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse&)
 		{
-			API::capture_window(*widget_, false);
+			API::capture_window(*wdg_, false);
 			attr_.keep_pressed = false;
 			if(attr_.enable_pushed && (false == attr_.pushed))
 			{
@@ -173,7 +169,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 			default:
 				return;
 			}
-			API::move_tabstop(widget_->handle(), ch_tabstop_next);
+			API::move_tabstop(*wdg_, ch_tabstop_next);
 		}

 		void trigger::focus(graph_reference graph, const arg_focus& arg)
@@ -185,7 +181,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase

 		void trigger::_m_draw_title(graph_reference graph, bool enabled)
 		{
-			nana::string text = widget_->caption();
+			nana::string text = wdg_->caption();

 			nana::string::value_type shortkey;
 			nana::string::size_type shortkey_pos;
@@ -201,11 +197,12 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 				icon_sz.width += 5;
 			}

-			int x = (static_cast<int>(gsize.width  - 1  - ts.width) >> 1);
-			int y = (static_cast<int>(gsize.height - 1 - ts.height) >> 1);
+			nana::point pos{
+				static_cast<int>(gsize.width - 1 - ts.width) >> 1, static_cast<int>(gsize.height - 1 - ts.height) >> 1
+			};

-			if(x < static_cast<int>(icon_sz.width))
-				x = static_cast<int>(icon_sz.width);
+			if(pos.x < static_cast<int>(icon_sz.width))
+				pos.x = static_cast<int>(icon_sz.width);

 			unsigned omitted_pixels = gsize.width - icon_sz.width;
 			std::size_t txtlen = str.size();
@@ -217,35 +214,45 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 				{
 					if (element_state::pressed == attr_.e_state)
 					{
-						++x;
-						++y;
+						++pos.x;
+						++pos.y;
 					}
-					color_t fgcolor = (attr_.focus_color ? (attr_.focused ? 0xFF : attr_.fgcolor) : attr_.fgcolor);
-					if(attr_.omitted)
-						tr.render(x, y, fgcolor, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
+					//color_t fgcolor = (attr_.focus_color ? (attr_.focused ? 0xFF : attr_.fgcolor) : attr_.fgcolor);
+					auto fgcolor = attr_.fgcolor;
+					if (attr_.focus_color && attr_.focused)
+						fgcolor = ::nana::color(colors::blue);
+
+					graph.set_text_color(fgcolor);
+
+					if (attr_.omitted)
+						tr.render(pos, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
 					else
-						graph.bidi_string(x, y, fgcolor, txtptr, txtlen);
+						graph.bidi_string(pos, txtptr, txtlen);

 					if(shortkey)
 					{
 						unsigned off_w = (shortkey_pos ? graph.text_extent_size(str, static_cast<unsigned>(shortkey_pos)).width : 0);
 						nana::size shortkey_size = graph.text_extent_size(txtptr + shortkey_pos, 1);
-						x += off_w;
-						y += shortkey_size.height;
-						graph.line(x, y, x + shortkey_size.width - 1, y, 0x0);
+						pos.x += off_w;
+						pos.y += static_cast<int>(shortkey_size.height);
+						graph.set_color(colors::black);
+						graph.line(pos, point{ pos.x + static_cast<int>(shortkey_size.width) - 1, pos.y });
 					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
+					graph.set_text_color(::nana::color(colors::white));
 					if(attr_.omitted)
 					{
-						tr.render(x + 1, y + 1, 0xFFFFFF, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
-						tr.render(x, y, 0x808080, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
+						tr.render(point{ pos.x + 1, pos.y + 1 }, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
+						graph.set_text_color(::nana::color(colors::gray));
+						tr.render(pos, txtptr, txtlen, omitted_pixels, true);
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						graph.bidi_string(x + 1, y + 1, 0xFFFFFF, txtptr, txtlen);
-						graph.bidi_string(x, y, 0x808080, txtptr, txtlen);
+						graph.bidi_string(point{ pos.x + 1, pos.y + 1 }, txtptr, txtlen);
+						graph.set_text_color(::nana::color(colors::gray));
+						graph.bidi_string(pos, txtptr, txtlen);
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -256,11 +263,10 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase

 		void trigger::_m_draw(graph_reference graph)
 		{
-			window wd = widget_->handle();
-			bool eb = API::window_enabled(wd);
+			bool eb = wdg_->enabled();;

-			attr_.bgcolor = API::background(wd);
-			attr_.fgcolor = API::foreground(wd);
+			attr_.bgcolor = wdg_->bgcolor();
+			attr_.fgcolor = wdg_->fgcolor();

 			element_state e_state = attr_.e_state;
 			if (eb)
@@ -278,7 +284,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase

 			if (false == cite_.draw(graph, attr_.bgcolor, attr_.fgcolor, graph.size(), e_state))
 			{
-				if (bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(wd))
+				if (bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(wdg_->handle()))
 				{
 					_m_draw_background(graph);
 					_m_draw_border(graph);
@@ -291,15 +297,16 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 		{
 			nana::rectangle r(graph.size());
 			r.pare_off(1);
-			nana::color_t color_start = nana::paint::graphics::mix(attr_.bgcolor, 0xFFFFFF, 0.2);
-			nana::color_t color_end = nana::paint::graphics::mix(attr_.bgcolor, 0x0, 0.95);
+
+			auto from = attr_.bgcolor.blend(colors::white, 0.2);
+			auto to = attr_.bgcolor.blend(colors::black, 0.95);

 			if (element_state::pressed == attr_.e_state)
 			{
 				r.x = r.y = 2;
-				std::swap(color_start, color_end);
+				std::swap(from, to);
 			}
-			graph.shadow_rectangle(r, color_start, color_end, true);
+			graph.gradual_rectangle(r, from, to, true);
 		}

 		void trigger::_m_draw_border(graph_reference graph)
@@ -308,28 +315,30 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase
 			int right = r.width - 1;
 			int bottom = r.height - 1;

-			graph.rectangle_line(r,
-					0x7F7F7F, 0x7F7F7F, 0x707070, 0x707070);
+			::nana::color lt{0x7f,0x7f,0x7f}, rb{0x70,0x70,0x70};
+			graph.frame_rectangle(r, lt, lt, rb, rb);

-			graph.set_pixel(1, 1, 0x919191);
-			graph.set_pixel(right - 1, 1, 0x919191);
-			graph.set_pixel(right - 1, bottom - 1, 0x919191);
-			graph.set_pixel(1, bottom - 1, 0x919191);
+			graph.set_color({0x91,0x91,0x91});
+			graph.set_pixel(1, 1);
+			graph.set_pixel(right - 1, 1);
+			graph.set_pixel(right - 1, bottom - 1);
+			graph.set_pixel(1, bottom - 1);

-			graph.set_pixel(0, 0, color::button_face);
-			graph.set_pixel(right, 0, color::button_face);
-			graph.set_pixel(0, bottom, color::button_face);
-			graph.set_pixel(right, bottom, color::button_face);
+			graph.set_color(colors::button_face);
+			graph.set_pixel(0, 0);
+			graph.set_pixel(right, 0);
+			graph.set_pixel(0, bottom);
+			graph.set_pixel(right, bottom);

 			if (element_state::pressed == attr_.e_state)
-				graph.rectangle(r.pare_off(1), 0xC3C3C3, false);
+				graph.rectangle(r.pare_off(1), false, {0xc3, 0xc3, 0xc3});
 		}

 		void trigger::emit_click()
 		{
 			arg_mouse arg;
 			arg.evt_code = event_code::click;
-			arg.window_handle = widget_->handle();
+			arg.window_handle = wdg_->handle();
 			arg.ctrl = arg.shift = false;
 			arg.mid_button = arg.right_button = false;
 			arg.left_button = true;
@@ -470,7 +479,7 @@ namespace nana{	namespace drawerbase

 			void button::_m_complete_creation()
 			{
-				events().shortkey.connect([this]
+				events().shortkey.connect_unignorable([this]
 				{
 					_m_shortkey();
 				});
--- a/source/gui/widgets/categorize.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/categorize.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Categorize Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <nana/gui/wvl.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/categorize.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/float_listbox.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/element.hpp>
 #include <nana/paint/gadget.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/detail/tree_cont.hpp>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -73,35 +74,36 @@ namespace nana
 				void background(graph_reference graph, window wd, const nana::rectangle& r, const ui_element& ue)
 				{
 					ui_el_ = ue;
-					style_.bgcolor = API::background(wd);
-					style_.fgcolor = API::foreground(wd);
+					style_.bgcolor = API::bgcolor(wd);
+					style_.fgcolor = API::fgcolor(wd);

 					if(ue.what == ue.none || (API::window_enabled(wd) == false))
 					{	//the mouse is out of the widget.
-						style_.bgcolor = nana::paint::graphics::mix(style_.bgcolor, 0xA0C9F5, 0.9);
+						style_.bgcolor = style_.bgcolor.blend(color{ 0xa0, 0xc9, 0xf5 }, 0.9);
 					}
-					graph.rectangle(r, style_.bgcolor, true);
+					graph.rectangle(r, true, style_.bgcolor);
 				}

 				virtual void root_arrow(graph_reference graph, const nana::rectangle& r, mouse_action state)
 				{
-					int x = r.x + (r.width - 16) / 2;
-					int y = r.y + (r.height - 16) / 2;
+					::nana::rectangle arrow_r{r.x + static_cast<int>(r.width - 16) / 2, r.y + static_cast<int>(r.height - 16) / 2, 16, 16};
+
 					if(ui_el_.what == ui_el_.item_root)
 					{
 						_m_item_bground(graph, r.x + 1, r.y, r.width - 2, r.height, (state == mouse_action::pressed ? mouse_action::pressed : mouse_action::over));
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0x3C7FB1, false);
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, color{ 0x3C, 0x7F, 0xB1 });
 						if(state == mouse_action::pressed)
 						{
-							++x;
-							++y;
+							++arrow_r.x;
+							++arrow_r.y;
 						}
 					}
 					else
-						graph.rectangle(r, style_.bgcolor, true);
+						graph.rectangle(r, true, style_.bgcolor);

-					nana::paint::gadget::arrow_16_pixels(graph, x, y,
-						style_.fgcolor, 3, nana::paint::gadget::directions::to_west);
+					facade<element::arrow> arrow("double");
+					arrow.direction(::nana::direction::west);
+					arrow.draw(graph, {}, style_.fgcolor, arrow_r, element_state::normal);
 				}

 				void item(graph_reference graph, const nana::rectangle& r, std::size_t index, const nana::string& name, unsigned txtheight, bool has_child, mouse_action state)
@@ -126,31 +128,39 @@ namespace nana
 						int top = r.y + 1;
 						unsigned width = r.width - 2;
 						unsigned height = r.height - 2;
+
+						::nana::color clr{ 0x3C, 0x7F, 0xB1 };
 						if(has_child)
 						{
-							int left = r.x + r.width - 16;
-							_m_item_bground(graph, left, top, 15, height, state_arrow);
 							width -= 16;
-							--left;
-							graph.line(left, top, left, r.y + height, 0x3C7FB1);
+
+							int left = r.x + r.width - 17;
+							_m_item_bground(graph, left + 1, top, 15, height, state_arrow);
+							graph.line({ left, top }, { left, r.y + static_cast<int>(height) }, clr);
 						}
+
 						_m_item_bground(graph, r.x + 1, top, width, height, state_name);
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0x3C7FB1, false);
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, clr);
 					}
-					graph.string(strpos.x, strpos.y, style_.fgcolor, name);
+					graph.string(strpos, name, style_.fgcolor);

 					if(has_child)
 					{
-						nana::paint::gadget::arrow_16_pixels(graph, r.x + r.width - 16, r.y + (r.height - 16)/2,
-							style_.fgcolor, 3, nana::paint::gadget::directions::to_east);
+						facade<element::arrow> arrow("double");
+						arrow.direction(::nana::direction::east);
+						arrow.draw(graph, {}, style_.fgcolor, { r.right() - 16, r.y + static_cast<int>(r.height - 16) / 2, 16, 16 }, element_state::normal);
 					}
 				}

 				void border(graph_reference graph)
 				{
-					graph.rectangle(0xF0F0F0, false);
-					graph.rectangle_line(nana::rectangle(graph.size()).pare_off(1),
-										0x9DABB9, 0x484E55, 0x484E55, 0x9DABB9);
+					rectangle r{ graph.size() };
+
+					graph.rectangle(r, false, { 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0 });
+
+					color lb(0x9d, 0xab, 0xb9);
+					color tr(0x48, 0x4e, 0x55);
+					graph.frame_rectangle(r.pare_off(1), lb, tr, tr, lb);
 				}
 			private:
 				void _m_item_bground(graph_reference graph, int x, int y, unsigned width, unsigned height, mouse_action state)
@@ -158,38 +168,38 @@ namespace nana
 					const unsigned half = (height - 2) / 2;
 					int left = x + 1;
 					int top = y + 1;
-					nana::color_t upcol, downcol;
+					nana::color clr_top(0xea, 0xea, 0xea), clr_bottom(0xdc, 0xdc, 0xdc);
 					switch(state)
 					{
 					case mouse_action::over:
-						upcol = 0x0DFF2FC;
-						downcol = 0xA9DAF5;
+						clr_top.from_rgb(0xdf, 0xf2, 0xfc);
+						clr_bottom.from_rgb(0xa9, 0xda, 0xf5);
 						break;
 					case mouse_action::pressed:
-						upcol = 0xA6D7F2;
-						downcol = 0x92C4F6;
+						clr_top.from_rgb(0xa6, 0xd7, 0xf2);
+						clr_bottom.from_rgb(0x92, 0xc4, 0xf6);
 						++left;
 						++top;
 						break;
-					case mouse_action::normal:
 					default:
-						upcol = 0xEAEAEA;
-						downcol = 0xDCDCDC;
 						break;
 					}

-					graph.rectangle(left, top, width - 2, half, upcol, true);
-					graph.rectangle(left, top + static_cast<int>(half), width - 2, (height - 2) - half, downcol, true);
+					graph.rectangle(rectangle{ left, top, width - 2, half }, true, clr_top);
+					graph.rectangle(rectangle{ left, top + static_cast<int>(half), width - 2, (height - 2) - half }, true, clr_bottom);
 					if(mouse_action::pressed == state)
 					{
 						int bottom = y + height - 1;
 						int right = x + width - 1;
-						graph.line(x, y, right, y, 0x6E8D9F);
-						graph.line(x, y + 1, x, bottom, 0x6E8D9F);
+
+						graph.set_color(color(0x6e, 0x8d, 0x9f));
+						graph.line(point{ x, y }, point{right, y});
+						graph.line(point{ x, y + 1 }, point{ x, bottom });
 						++x;
 						++y;
-						graph.line(x, y, right, y, 0xA6C7D9);
-						graph.line(x, y + 1, x, bottom, 0xA6C7D9);
+						graph.set_color(color(0xa6, 0xc7, 0xd9));
+						graph.line(point{ x, y }, point{ right, y });
+						graph.line(point{ x, y + 1 }, point{ x, bottom });
 					}
 				}

@@ -197,8 +207,10 @@ namespace nana
 				ui_element	ui_el_;
 				struct style_tag
 				{
-					nana::color_t bgcolor;
-					nana::color_t fgcolor;
+					//nana::color_t bgcolor;
+					//nana::color_t fgcolor;
+					color bgcolor;
+					color fgcolor;
 				}style_;
 			};

@@ -369,7 +381,6 @@ namespace nana
 				};

 				scheme()
-					: graph_(nullptr)
 				{
 					proto_.ui_renderer = pat::cloneable<renderer>(interior_renderer());
 					style_.mode = mode::normal;
@@ -379,7 +390,7 @@ namespace nana
 				void attach(window wd, nana::paint::graphics* graph)
 				{
 					window_ = wd;
-					API::background(wd, 0xFFFFFF);
+					API::bgcolor(wd, colors::white);
 					graph_ = graph;
 				}

@@ -582,7 +593,7 @@ namespace nana
 					r.width = r.height = 100;
 					style_.listbox = &(form_loader<nana::float_listbox>()(window_, r, true));
 					style_.listbox->set_module(style_.module, 16);
-					style_.listbox->events().destroy.connect([this]
+					style_.listbox->events().destroy.connect_unignorable([this]
 					{
 						_m_list_closed();
 					});
@@ -637,7 +648,7 @@ namespace nana

 				nana::rectangle _m_make_root_rectangle() const
 				{
-					return nana::rectangle(1, 1, 16, _m_item_fix_scale());
+					return{ 1, 1, 16, _m_item_fix_scale() };
 				}

 				//_m_make_rectangle
@@ -765,8 +776,8 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}
 			private:
-				window	window_;
-				nana::paint::graphics * graph_;
+				window	window_{nullptr};
+				nana::paint::graphics * graph_{nullptr};
 				nana::string splitstr_;
 				std::size_t	head_;
 				unsigned	item_height_;
--- a/source/gui/widgets/checkbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/checkbox.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A CheckBox Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -88,31 +89,33 @@ namespace checkbox
 			void drawer::_m_draw_background(graph_reference graph)
 			{
 				if(bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(*widget_))
-					graph.rectangle(API::background(*widget_), true);
+					graph.rectangle(true, API::bgcolor(*widget_));
 			}

 			void drawer::_m_draw_checkbox(graph_reference graph, unsigned first_line_height)
 			{
-				impl_->crook.draw(graph, widget_->background(), widget_->foreground(), rectangle(0, first_line_height > 16 ? (first_line_height - 16) / 2 : 0, 16, 16), API::element_state(*widget_));
+				impl_->crook.draw(graph, widget_->bgcolor(), widget_->fgcolor(), rectangle(0, first_line_height > 16 ? (first_line_height - 16) / 2 : 0, 16, 16), API::element_state(*widget_));
 			}

 			void drawer::_m_draw_title(graph_reference graph)
 			{
-				if(graph.width() > 16 + interval)
+				if (graph.width() > 16 + interval)
 				{
 					nana::string title = widget_->caption();

-					unsigned fgcolor = widget_->foreground();
 					unsigned pixels = graph.width() - (16 + interval);

 					nana::paint::text_renderer tr(graph);
-					if(API::window_enabled(widget_->handle()) == false)
+					if (API::window_enabled(widget_->handle()) == false)
 					{
-						tr.render(17 + interval, 2, 0xFFFFFF, title.c_str(), title.length(), pixels);
-						fgcolor = 0x808080;
+						graph.set_text_color(colors::white);
+						tr.render({ 17 + interval, 2 }, title.c_str(), title.length(), pixels);
+						graph.set_text_color({ 0x80, 0x80, 0x80 });
 					}
+					else
+						graph.set_text_color(widget_->fgcolor());

-					tr.render(16 + interval, 1, fgcolor, title.c_str(), title.length(), pixels);
+					tr.render({ 16 + interval, 1 }, title.c_str(), title.length(), pixels);
 				}
 			}
 		//end class drawer
@@ -205,8 +208,8 @@ namespace checkbox
 			element_tag el;

 			el.uiobj = &uiobj;
-			el.eh_checked = uiobj.events().click.connect_front(std::bind(&radio_group::_m_checked, this, std::placeholders::_1));
-			el.eh_destroy = uiobj.events().destroy.connect(std::bind(&radio_group::_m_destroy, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+			el.eh_checked = uiobj.events().click.connect_unignorable(std::bind(&radio_group::_m_checked, this, std::placeholders::_1), true);
+			el.eh_destroy = uiobj.events().destroy.connect_unignorable(std::bind(&radio_group::_m_destroy, this, std::placeholders::_1));
 			ui_container_.push_back(el);
 		}

--- a/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A Combox Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -10,19 +10,41 @@
 *	@file: nana/gui/widgets/combox.cpp
 */

-#include <nana/gui/wvl.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/combox.hpp>
-#include <nana/paint/gadget.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/element.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/dataexch.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/float_listbox.hpp>
 #include <nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/text_editor.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/widgets/skeletons/textbase_export_interface.hpp>

 namespace nana
 {
+	arg_combox::arg_combox(combox& wdg): widget(wdg)
+	{}
+
 	namespace drawerbase
 	{
 		namespace combox
 		{
+			class event_agent
+				: public widgets::skeletons::textbase_event_agent_interface
+			{
+			public:
+				event_agent(::nana::combox& wdg)
+					: widget_(wdg)
+				{}
+
+				void first_change() override{}	//empty, because combox does not have this event.
+
+				void text_changed() override
+				{
+					widget_.events().text_changed.emit(::nana::arg_combox{ widget_ });
+				}
+			private:
+				::nana::combox & widget_;
+			};
+
 			struct item
 				: public float_listbox::item_interface
 			{
@@ -38,8 +60,8 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 				}

-				item(const nana::string& s)
-					: item_text(s)
+				item(nana::string&& s)
+					: item_text(std::move(s))
 				{}
 			private:
 				//implement item_interface methods
@@ -57,25 +79,19 @@ namespace nana
 			class drawer_impl
 			{
 			public:
-				typedef nana::paint::graphics & graph_reference;
-				typedef widget	& widget_reference;
+				using graph_reference = paint::graphics&;
+				using widget_reference = widget&;

-				enum class where_t{unknown, text, push_button};
-				enum class state_t{none, mouse_over, pressed};
+				enum class parts{none, text, push_button};

 				drawer_impl()
 				{
 					state_.focused = false;
-					state_.state = state_t::none;
-					state_.pointer_where = where_t::unknown;
+					state_.button_state = element_state::normal;
+					state_.pointer_where = parts::none;
 					state_.lister = nullptr;
 				}

-				~drawer_impl()
-				{
-					clear();
-				}
-
 				void renderer(drawerbase::float_listbox::item_renderer* ir)
 				{
 					item_renderer_ = ir;
@@ -84,13 +100,15 @@ namespace nana
 				void attached(widget_reference wd, graph_reference graph)
 				{
 					widget_ = static_cast< ::nana::combox*>(&wd);
-					editor_ = new widgets::skeletons::text_editor(widget_->handle(), graph);
-					editor_->border_renderer([this](graph_reference graph, nana::color_t bgcolor){
-						draw_border(graph, bgcolor);
-					});
+
+					auto scheme = dynamic_cast< ::nana::widgets::skeletons::text_editor_scheme*>(API::dev::get_scheme(wd));
+					editor_ = new widgets::skeletons::text_editor(widget_->handle(), graph, scheme);
 					editor_->multi_lines(false);
 					editable(false);
 					graph_ = &graph;
+
+					evt_agent_.reset(new event_agent{ static_cast<nana::combox&>(wd) });
+					editor_->textbase().set_event_agent(evt_agent_.get());
 				}

 				void detached()
@@ -100,17 +118,12 @@ namespace nana
 					graph_ = nullptr;
 				}

-				void insert(const nana::string& text)
+				void insert(nana::string&& text)
 				{
-					items_.emplace_back(std::make_shared<item>(text));
+					items_.emplace_back(std::make_shared<item>(std::move(text)));
 					API::refresh_window(widget_->handle());
 				}

-				where_t get_where() const
-				{
-					return state_.pointer_where;
-				}
-
 				nana::any * anyobj(std::size_t pos, bool allocate_if_empty) const
 				{
 					if(pos >= items_.size())
@@ -170,38 +183,36 @@ namespace nana

 				bool editable() const
 				{
-					return (editor_ ? editor_->attr().editable : false);
+					return (editor_ && editor_->attr().editable);
 				}

 				bool calc_where(graph_reference graph, int x, int y)
 				{
-					auto new_where = where_t::unknown;
-
+					auto new_where = parts::none;
 					if(1 < x && x < static_cast<int>(graph.width()) - 2 && 1 < y && y < static_cast<int>(graph.height()) - 2)
 					{
 						if((editor_->attr().editable == false) || (static_cast<int>(graph.width()) - 22 <= x))
-							new_where = where_t::push_button;
+							new_where = parts::push_button;
 						else
-							new_where = where_t::text;
+							new_where = parts::text;
 					}

-					if(new_where != state_.pointer_where)
-					{
-						state_.pointer_where = new_where;
-						return true;
-					}
-					return false;
+					if (new_where == state_.pointer_where)
+						return false;
+					
+					state_.pointer_where = new_where;
+					return true;
 				}

 				void set_mouse_over(bool mo)
 				{
-					state_.state = mo ? state_t::mouse_over : state_t::none;
-					state_.pointer_where = where_t::unknown;
+					state_.button_state = (mo ? element_state::hovered : element_state::normal);
+					state_.pointer_where = parts::none;
 				}

 				void set_mouse_press(bool mp)
 				{
-					state_.state = (mp ? state_t::pressed : state_t::mouse_over);
+					state_.button_state = (mp ? element_state::pressed : element_state::hovered);
 				}

 				void set_focused(bool f)
@@ -219,9 +230,9 @@ namespace nana
 					return (state_.lister != nullptr);
 				}

-				void open_lister()
+				void open_lister_if_push_button_positioned()
 				{
-					if((nullptr == state_.lister) && !items_.empty())
+					if((nullptr == state_.lister) && !items_.empty() && (parts::push_button == state_.pointer_where))
 					{
 						module_.items.clear();
 						std::copy(items_.cbegin(), items_.cend(), std::back_inserter(module_.items));
@@ -232,7 +243,7 @@ namespace nana
 						//The lister window closes by itself. I just take care about the destroy event.
 						//The event should be destroy rather than unload. Because the unload event is invoked while
 						//the lister is not closed, if popuping a message box, the lister will cover the message box.
-						state_.lister->events().destroy.connect([this]
+						state_.lister->events().destroy.connect_unignorable([this]
 						{
 							_m_lister_close_sig();
 						});
@@ -247,29 +258,30 @@ namespace nana

 				void move_items(bool upwards, bool circle)
 				{
-					if(nullptr == state_.lister)
+					if (state_.lister)
 					{
-						std::size_t orig_i = module_.index;
-						if(upwards)
-						{
-							if(module_.index && (module_.index < items_.size()))
-								-- module_.index;
-							else if(circle)
-								module_.index = items_.size() - 1;
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							if((module_.index + 1) < items_.size())
-								++ module_.index;
-							else if(circle)
-								module_.index = 0;
-						}
-
-						if(orig_i != module_.index)
-							option(module_.index, false);
+						state_.lister->move_items(upwards, circle);
+						return;
+					}
+					
+					auto pos = module_.index;
+					if (upwards)
+					{
+						if (pos && (pos < items_.size()))
+							--pos;
+						else if (circle)
+							pos = items_.size() - 1;
 					}
 					else
-						state_.lister->move_items(upwards, circle);
+					{
+						if ((pos + 1) < items_.size())
+							++pos;
+						else if (circle)
+							pos = 0;
+					}
+
+					if (pos != module_.index)
+						option(pos, false);
 				}

 				void draw()
@@ -284,13 +296,6 @@ namespace nana
 					_m_draw_image();
 				}

-				void draw_border(graph_reference graph, nana::color_t bgcolor)
-				{
-					graph.rectangle((state_.focused ? 0x0595E2 : 0x999A9E), false);
-					nana::rectangle r(graph.size());
-					graph.rectangle(r.pare_off(1), bgcolor, false);
-				}
-
 				std::size_t the_number_of_options() const
 				{
 					return items_.size();
@@ -317,14 +322,13 @@ namespace nana
 					{
 						auto pos = API::cursor_position();
 						API::calc_window_point(widget_->handle(), pos);
-						if(calc_where(*graph_, pos.x, pos.y))
-							state_.state = state_t::none;
+						if (calc_where(*graph_, pos.x, pos.y))
+							state_.button_state = element_state::normal;

 						editor_->text(items_[index]->item_text);
 						_m_draw_push_button(widget_->enabled());
 						_m_draw_image();

-						//Yes, it's safe to static_cast here!
 						widget_->events().selected.emit(::nana::arg_combox(*widget_));
 					}
 				}
@@ -334,9 +338,8 @@ namespace nana
 					std::size_t pos = 0;
 					for (auto & m : items_)
 					{
-						if (m->key && nana::detail::pred_equal_by_less(m->key.get(), p.get()))
+						if (m->key && detail::pred_equal_by_less(m->key.get(), p.get()))
 							return pos;
-
 						++pos;
 					}

@@ -350,16 +353,17 @@ namespace nana
 					return pos;
 				}

-				void erase(nana::detail::key_interface * kv)
+				void erase(detail::key_interface * kv)
 				{
-					for (auto i = items_.begin(); i != items_.end(); ++i)
+					std::size_t pos = 0;
+					for (auto & m : items_)
 					{
-						if ((*i)->key && nana::detail::pred_equal_by_less((*i)->key.get(), kv))
+						if (m->key && detail::pred_equal_by_less(m->key.get(), kv))
 						{
-							std::size_t pos = i - items_.begin();
-							this->erase(pos);
+							erase(pos);
 							return;
 						}
+						++pos;
 					}
 				}

@@ -375,28 +379,22 @@ namespace nana

 				void erase(std::size_t pos)
 				{
-					if (pos < items_.size())
+					if (pos >= items_.size())
+						return;
+
+					if (pos == module_.index)
 					{
-						if (pos == module_.index)
-						{
-							module_.index = nana::npos;
-							this->widget_->caption(L"");
-						}
-						else if ((nana::npos != module_.index) && (pos < module_.index))
-							--module_.index;
-
-						items_.erase(items_.begin() + pos);
-
-						//Redraw, because the state of push button is changed when the last item is created.
-						if (items_.empty())
-							API::refresh_window(*widget_);
+						module_.index = ::nana::npos;
+						this->widget_->caption(L"");
 					}
-				}
+					else if ((::nana::npos != module_.index) && (pos < module_.index))
+						--module_.index;

-				void text(nana::string&& str)
-				{
-					if (editor_)
-						editor_->text(std::move(str));
+					items_.erase(items_.begin() + pos);
+
+					//Redraw, because the state of push button is changed when the last item is removed.
+					if (items_.empty())
+						API::refresh_window(*widget_);
 				}

 				void image(std::size_t pos, const nana::paint::image& img)
@@ -414,12 +412,11 @@ namespace nana

 				bool image_pixels(unsigned px)
 				{
-					if(image_pixels_ != px)
-					{
-						image_pixels_ = px;
-						return true;
-					}
-					return false;
+					if (image_pixels_ == px)
+						return false;
+					
+					image_pixels_ = px;
+					return true;
 				}
 			private:
 				void _m_lister_close_sig()
@@ -439,69 +436,47 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}

-				void _m_draw_background(graph_reference graph, const nana::rectangle&, nana::color_t)
+				void _m_draw_background(graph_reference graph, const rectangle&, const ::nana::color&)
 				{
-					nana::rectangle r(graph.size());
-					nana::color_t color_start = color::button_face_shadow_start;
-					nana::color_t color_end = color::button_face_shadow_end;
-					if(state_.state == state_t::pressed)
-					{
-						r.pare_off(2);
-						std::swap(color_start, color_end);
-					}
-					else
-						r.pare_off(1);
+					auto clr_from = colors::button_face_shadow_start;
+					auto clr_to = colors::button_face_shadow_end;

-					graph.shadow_rectangle(r, color_start, color_end, true);
+					int pare_off_px = 1;
+					if (element_state::pressed == state_.button_state)
+					{
+						pare_off_px = 2;
+						std::swap(clr_from, clr_to);
+					}
+
+					graph.gradual_rectangle(::nana::rectangle(graph.size()).pare_off(pare_off_px), clr_from, clr_to, true);
 				}

 				void _m_draw_push_button(bool enabled)
 				{
-					using namespace nana::paint;
+					::nana::rectangle r{graph_->size()};
+					r.x = r.right() - 16;
+					r.y = 1;
+					r.width = 16;
+					r.height -= 2;

-					if (nullptr == graph_) return;
-
-					int left = graph_->width() - 17;
-					int right = left + 16;
-					int top = 1;
-					int bottom = graph_->height() - 2;
-					int mid = top + (bottom - top) * 5 / 18;
-
-					nana::color_t topcol, topcol_ln, botcol, botcol_ln;
-					nana::color_t arrow_color;
-					if (enabled && items_.size())
+					auto estate = state_.button_state;
+					if (enabled && !items_.empty())
 					{
-						arrow_color = 0xFFFFFF;
-						double percent = 1;
-						if (has_lister() || (state_.state == state_t::pressed && state_.pointer_where == where_t::push_button))
-							percent = 0.8;
-						else if (state_.state == state_t::mouse_over)
-							percent = 0.9;
-
-						topcol_ln = graphics::mix(0x3F476C, 0xFFFFFF, percent);
-						botcol_ln = graphics::mix(0x031141, 0xFFFFFF, percent);
-						topcol = graphics::mix(0x3F83B4, 0xFFFFFF, percent);
-						botcol = graphics::mix(0x0C4A95, 0xFFFFFF, percent);
+						if (has_lister() || (element_state::pressed == estate && state_.pointer_where == parts::push_button))
+							estate = element_state::pressed;
 					}
 					else
-					{
-						arrow_color = 0xFFFFFF;
-						topcol_ln = 0x7F7F7F;
-						botcol_ln = 0x505050;
-						topcol = 0xC3C3C3;
-						botcol = 0xA0A0A0;
-					}
+						estate = element_state::disabled;

-					graph_->line(left, top, left, mid, topcol_ln);
-					graph_->line(right - 1, top, right - 1, mid, topcol_ln);
+					facade<element::button> button;
+					button.draw(*graph_, ::nana::color{ 3, 65, 140 }, colors::white, r, estate);

-					graph_->line(left, mid + 1, left, bottom, botcol_ln);
-					graph_->line(right - 1, mid + 1, right - 1, bottom, botcol_ln);
+					facade<element::arrow> arrow("solid_triangle");
+					arrow.direction(::nana::direction::south);

-					graph_->rectangle(left + 1, top, right - left - 2, mid - top + 1, topcol, true);
-					graph_->rectangle(left + 1, mid + 1, right - left - 2, bottom - mid, botcol, true);
-
-					gadget::arrow_16_pixels(*graph_, left, top + ((bottom - top) / 2) - 7, arrow_color, 1, gadget::directions::to_south);
+					r.y += (r.height / 2) - 7;
+					r.width = r.height = 16;
+					arrow.draw(*graph_, {}, colors::white, r, element_state::normal);
 				}

 				void _m_draw_image()
@@ -549,21 +524,21 @@ namespace nana
 					img.stretch(img.size(), *graph_, nana::rectangle(pos, imgsz));
 				}
 			private:
-				std::vector<std::shared_ptr<item> > items_;
+				std::vector<std::shared_ptr<item>> items_;
 				nana::float_listbox::module_type module_;
-				::nana::combox * widget_ = nullptr;
-				nana::paint::graphics * graph_ = nullptr;
-				drawerbase::float_listbox::item_renderer* item_renderer_ = nullptr;
-
-				bool image_enabled_ = false;
-				unsigned image_pixels_ = 16;
-				widgets::skeletons::text_editor * editor_ = nullptr;
+				::nana::combox * widget_{ nullptr };
+				nana::paint::graphics * graph_{ nullptr };
+				drawerbase::float_listbox::item_renderer* item_renderer_{ nullptr };

+				bool image_enabled_{ false };
+				unsigned image_pixels_{ 16 };
+				widgets::skeletons::text_editor * editor_{ nullptr };
+				std::unique_ptr<event_agent> evt_agent_;
 				struct state_type
 				{
 					bool	focused;
-					state_t	state;
-					where_t	pointer_where;
+					element_state button_state;
+					parts	pointer_where;

 					nana::float_listbox * lister;
 					std::size_t	item_index_before_selection;
@@ -579,12 +554,6 @@ namespace nana
 				trigger::~trigger()
 				{
 					delete drawer_;
-					drawer_ = nullptr;
-				}
-
-				void trigger::set_accept(std::function<bool(nana::char_t)>&& pred)
-				{
-					pred_acceptive_ = std::move(pred);
 				}

 				drawer_impl& trigger::get_drawer_impl()
@@ -599,7 +568,7 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::attached(widget_reference wdg, graph_reference graph)
 				{
-					wdg.background(0xFFFFFF);
+					wdg.bgcolor(colors::white);
 					drawer_->attached(wdg, graph);

 					API::effects_edge_nimbus(wdg, effects::edge_nimbus::active);
@@ -655,8 +624,7 @@ namespace nana
 					{
 						auto * editor = drawer_->editor();
 						if(false == editor->mouse_down(arg.left_button, arg.pos))
-							if(drawer_impl::where_t::push_button == drawer_->get_where())
-								drawer_->open_lister();
+							drawer_->open_lister_if_push_button_positioned();

 						drawer_->draw();
 						if(editor->attr().editable)
@@ -668,15 +636,12 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::mouse_up(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
-					if(drawer_->widget_ptr()->enabled())
+					if (drawer_->widget_ptr()->enabled() && !drawer_->has_lister())
 					{
-						if(false == drawer_->has_lister())
-						{
-							drawer_->editor()->mouse_up(arg.left_button, arg.pos);
-							drawer_->set_mouse_press(false);
-							drawer_->draw();
-							API::lazy_refresh();
-						}
+						drawer_->editor()->mouse_up(arg.left_button, arg.pos);
+						drawer_->set_mouse_press(false);
+						drawer_->draw();
+						API::lazy_refresh();
 					}
 				}

@@ -709,7 +674,7 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::key_press(graph_reference, const arg_keyboard& arg)
 				{
-					if(false == drawer_->widget_ptr()->enabled())
+					if(!drawer_->widget_ptr()->enabled())
 						return;

 					if(drawer_->editable())
@@ -748,8 +713,7 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::key_char(graph_reference graph, const arg_keyboard& arg)
 				{
-					bool enterable = drawer_->widget_ptr()->enabled() && (!pred_acceptive_ || pred_acceptive_(arg.key));
-					if (drawer_->editor()->respone_keyboard(arg.key, enterable))
+					if (drawer_->editor()->respone_keyboard(arg.key))
 						API::lazy_refresh();
 				}
 			//end class trigger
@@ -807,7 +771,7 @@ namespace nana
 				{
 					if (pos_ == nana::npos)
 						return false;
-					return (impl_->at(pos_).item_text == static_cast<nana::string>(nana::charset(s)));
+					return (impl_->at(pos_).item_text == static_cast<nana::string>(nana::charset(s, nana::unicode::utf8)));
 				}

 				bool item_proxy::operator == (const wchar_t * s) const
@@ -832,12 +796,11 @@ namespace nana
 				/// Behavior of Iterator
 				item_proxy & item_proxy::operator++()
 				{
-					if (nana::npos == pos_)
-						return *this;
-
-					if (++pos_ == impl_->the_number_of_options())
-						pos_ = nana::npos;
-
+					if (nana::npos != pos_)
+					{
+						if (++pos_ == impl_->the_number_of_options())
+							pos_ = nana::npos;
+					}
 					return *this;
 				}

@@ -906,10 +869,10 @@ namespace nana
 			create(wd, rectangle(), visible);
 		}

-		combox::combox(window wd, const nana::string& text, bool visible)
+		combox::combox(window wd, nana::string text, bool visible)
 		{
 			create(wd, rectangle(), visible);
-			caption(text);
+			caption(std::move(text));
 		}

 		combox::combox(window wd, const nana::char_t* text, bool visible)
@@ -925,69 +888,81 @@ namespace nana

 		void combox::clear()
 		{
-			internal_scope_guard sg;
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().clear();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().clear();
 			API::refresh_window(handle());
 		}

 		void combox::editable(bool eb)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().editable(eb);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().editable(eb);
 		}

 		bool combox::editable() const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().editable();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().editable();
 		}

 		void combox::set_accept(std::function<bool(nana::char_t)> pred)
 		{
 			internal_scope_guard lock;
-			get_drawer_trigger().set_accept(std::move(pred));
+			auto editor = _m_impl().editor();
+			if(editor)
+				editor->set_accept(std::move(pred));
 		}

-		combox& combox::push_back(const nana::string& text)
+		combox& combox::push_back(nana::string text)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().insert(text);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().insert(std::move(text));
 			return *this;
 		}

 		std::size_t combox::the_number_of_options() const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().the_number_of_options();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().the_number_of_options();
 		}

 		std::size_t combox::option() const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().option();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().option();
 		}

-		void combox::option(std::size_t i)
+		void combox::option(std::size_t pos)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().option(i, false);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().option(pos, false);
 			API::update_window(handle());
 		}

-		nana::string combox::text(std::size_t i) const
+		nana::string combox::text(std::size_t pos) const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().at(i).item_text;
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().at(pos).item_text;
 		}

 		void combox::erase(std::size_t pos)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().erase(pos);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().erase(pos);
 		}

 		void combox::renderer(item_renderer* ir)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().renderer(ir);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().renderer(ir);
 		}

 		void combox::image(std::size_t i, const nana::paint::image& img)
 		{
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
 			if(empty()) return;

-			auto & impl = get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl();
+			auto & impl = _m_impl();
 			impl.image(i, img);
 			if(i == impl.option())
 				API::refresh_window(*this);
@@ -995,43 +970,62 @@ namespace nana

 		nana::paint::image combox::image(std::size_t pos) const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().at(pos).item_image;
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().at(pos).item_image;
 		}

 		void combox::image_pixels(unsigned px)
 		{
-			if(get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().image_pixels(px))
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			if (_m_impl().image_pixels(px))
 				API::refresh_window(*this);
 		}

 		nana::string combox::_m_caption() const
 		{
-			internal_scope_guard isg;
-			auto editor = get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().editor();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto editor = _m_impl().editor();
 			return (editor ? editor->text() : nana::string());
 		}

 		void combox::_m_caption(nana::string&& str)
 		{
-			internal_scope_guard isg;
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().text(std::move(str));
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+
+			auto editor = _m_impl().editor();
+			if (editor)
+				editor->text(std::move(str));
+
 			API::refresh_window(*this);
 		}

 		nana::any * combox::_m_anyobj(std::size_t pos, bool alloc_if_empty) const
 		{
-			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().anyobj(pos, alloc_if_empty);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			return _m_impl().anyobj(pos, alloc_if_empty);
 		}

 		auto combox::_m_at_key(std::shared_ptr<nana::detail::key_interface>&& p) -> item_proxy
 		{
-			auto & impl = get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl();
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			auto & impl = _m_impl();
 			return item_proxy(&impl, impl.at_key(std::move(p)));
 		}

 		void combox::_m_erase(nana::detail::key_interface* p)
 		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl().erase(p);
+			internal_scope_guard lock;
+			_m_impl().erase(p);
+		}
+
+		drawerbase::combox::drawer_impl & combox::_m_impl()
+		{
+			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl();
+		}
+
+		const drawerbase::combox::drawer_impl& combox::_m_impl() const
+		{
+			return get_drawer_trigger().get_drawer_impl();
 		}
 	//end class combox
 }
--- a/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/date_chooser.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A date chooser Implementation
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2013 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@
 */

 #include <nana/gui/widgets/date_chooser.hpp>
+#include <nana/gui/element.hpp>
 #include <nana/paint/gadget.hpp>
 #include <nana/system/platform.hpp>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -26,15 +28,17 @@ namespace nana
 					: widget_(nullptr), chose_(false), page_(page::date), pos_(where::none)
 				{
 					const nana::string ws[] = {STR("S"), STR("M"), STR("T"), STR("W"), STR("T"), STR("F"), STR("S")};
-					const nana::string ms[] = {STR("January"), STR("February"), STR("March"), STR("April"), STR("May"), STR("June"), STR("July"), STR("August"), STR("September"), STR("October"), STR("November"), STR("December")};
-
 					for(int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)	weekstr_[i] = ws[i];
-					for(int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) monthstr_[i] = ms[i];

 					nana::date d;
 					chdate_.year = chmonth_.year = d.read().year;
 					chdate_.month = chmonth_.month = d.read().month;
 					chdate_.day = d.read().day;
+
+					color_.selected = { 0x2F, 0x36, 0x99 };
+					color_.highlight = { 0x4D, 0x56, 0xC8 };
+					color_.normal = colors::black;
+					color_.bgcolor = { 0x88, 0xC4, 0xFF };
 				}

 				bool trigger::chose() const
@@ -49,43 +53,28 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::week_name(unsigned index, const nana::string& str)
 				{
-					if(0 <= index && index < 7)
+					if(index < 7)
 						this->weekstr_[index] = str;
 				}

-				void trigger::month_name(unsigned index, const nana::string& str)
-				{
-					if(0 <= index && index < 12)
-						this->monthstr_[index] = str;
-				}
-
-				void trigger::_m_init_color()
-				{
-					color_.selected = 0x2F3699;
-					color_.highlight = 0x4D56C8;
-					color_.normal = 0x0;
-					color_.bkcolor = 0x88C4FF;
-				}
-
-				trigger::where trigger::_m_pos_where(graph_reference graph, int x, int y)
+				trigger::where trigger::_m_pos_where(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::point& pos)
 				{
 					int xend = static_cast<int>(graph.width()) - 1;
 					int yend = static_cast<int>(graph.height()) - 1;
-					if(0 < y && y < static_cast<int>(topbar_height))
+					if(0 < pos.y && pos.y < static_cast<int>(topbar_height))
 					{
-						if(static_cast<int>(border_size) < x && x < xend)
+						if(static_cast<int>(border_size) < pos.x && pos.x < xend)
 						{
-							if(x < border_size + 16)
+							if(pos.x < border_size + 16)
 								return where::left_button;
-							else if(xend - border_size - 16 < x)
+							else if(xend - border_size - 16 < pos.x)
 								return where::right_button;
 							return where::topbar;
 						}
 					}
-					else if(topbar_height < y && y < yend)
+					else if(topbar_height < pos.y && pos.y < yend)
 					{
-						trace_pos_.x = x;
-						trace_pos_.y = y;
+						trace_pos_ = pos;
 						return where::textarea;
 					}
 					return where::none;
@@ -93,12 +82,10 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::_m_draw(graph_reference graph)
 				{
-					_m_init_color();
-
 					const unsigned width = graph.width() - 2;

-					graph.rectangle(0xB0B0B0, false);
-					graph.rectangle(1, 1, width, topbar_height, 0xFFFFFF, true);
+					graph.rectangle(false, {0xb0, 0xb0, 0xb0});
+					graph.rectangle({ 1, 1, width, static_cast<unsigned>(topbar_height) }, true, colors::white);

 					_m_draw_topbar(graph);

@@ -106,8 +93,8 @@ namespace nana
 					{
 						nana::point refpos(1, static_cast<int>(topbar_height) + 1);

-						nana::paint::graphics gbuf(width, graph.height() - 2 - topbar_height);
-						gbuf.rectangle(0xF0F0F0, true);
+						nana::paint::graphics gbuf({ width, graph.height() - 2 - topbar_height });
+						gbuf.rectangle(true, {0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0});

 						switch(page_)
 						{
@@ -126,12 +113,17 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::_m_draw_topbar(graph_reference graph)
 				{
-					int ypos = (topbar_height - 16) / 2 + 1;
+					::nana::color arrow_bgcolor;
+					::nana::rectangle arrow_r{ static_cast<int>(border_size), (topbar_height - 16) / 2 + 1, 16, 16 };
+					facade<element::arrow> arrow("solid_triangle");
+					arrow.direction(::nana::direction::west);
+					arrow.draw(graph, arrow_bgcolor, (pos_ == where::left_button ? color_.highlight : color_.normal), arrow_r, element_state::normal);

-					const nana::color_t color = color_.normal;
-
-					nana::paint::gadget::arrow_16_pixels(graph, border_size, ypos, (pos_ == where::left_button ? color_.highlight : color), 1, nana::paint::gadget::directions::to_west);
-					nana::paint::gadget::arrow_16_pixels(graph, graph.width() - (border_size + 16 + 1), ypos, (pos_ == where::right_button ? color_.highlight : color), 1, nana::paint::gadget::directions::to_east);
+					arrow_r.x = static_cast<int>(graph.width()) - static_cast<int>(border_size + 17);
+					arrow.direction(::nana::direction::east);
+					arrow.draw(graph, arrow_bgcolor, (pos_ == where::right_button ? color_.highlight : color_.normal), arrow_r, element_state::normal);
+					
+					const char * monthstr[] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" };

 					if(graph.width() > 32 + border_size * 2)
 					{
@@ -140,19 +132,19 @@ namespace nana
 						nana::string str;
 						if(page_ == page::date)
 						{
-							str += monthstr_[chmonth_.month - 1];
+							str += ::nana::internationalization()(monthstr[chmonth_.month - 1]);
 							str += STR("  ");
 						}
 						str += nana::charset(ss.str());

 						nana::size txt_s = graph.text_extent_size(str);

-						ypos = (topbar_height - txt_s.height) / 2 + 1;
+						int top = (topbar_height - static_cast<int>(txt_s.height)) / 2 + 1;

-						int xpos = (graph.width() - txt_s.width) / 2;
+						int xpos = static_cast<int>(graph.width() - txt_s.width) / 2;
 						if(xpos < border_size + 16) xpos = 16 + border_size + 1;

-						graph.string(xpos, ypos, (pos_ == where::topbar ? color_.highlight : color), str);
+						graph.string({ xpos, top }, str, (pos_ == where::topbar ? color_.highlight : color_.normal));
 					}
 				}

@@ -181,9 +173,8 @@ namespace nana
 					nana::rectangle r(static_cast<int>(x * dbasis.row_s), static_cast<int>(y * dbasis.line_s),
 						static_cast<int>(dbasis.row_s), static_cast<int>(dbasis.line_s));

-					nana::color_t color{ color_.normal };
-
-					nana::point tpos{ trace_pos_ - dbasis.refpos };
+					auto color = color_.normal;
+					auto tpos = trace_pos_ - dbasis.refpos;

 					if((pos_ == where::textarea)
 						&& (r.x <= tpos.x)
@@ -194,22 +185,22 @@ namespace nana
 						if((page_ != page::date) || y)
 						{
 							color = color_.highlight;
-							graph.rectangle(r, color_.bkcolor, true);
+							graph.rectangle(r, true, color_.bgcolor);
 						}
 					}

 					if(sel)
 					{
 						color = color_.highlight;
-						graph.rectangle(r, color_.bkcolor, true);
-						graph.rectangle(r, color_.selected, false);
+						graph.rectangle(r, true, color_.bgcolor);
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, color_.selected);
 					}

-					if(primary == false)
-						color = 0xB0B0B0;
+					if(false == primary)
+						color = { 0xB0, 0xB0, 0xB0 };

 					nana::size txt_s = graph.text_extent_size(str);
-					graph.string(r.x + static_cast<int>(r.width - txt_s.width) / 2, r.y + static_cast<int>(r.height - txt_s.height) / 2, color, str);
+					graph.string({ r.x + static_cast<int>(r.width - txt_s.width) / 2, r.y + static_cast<int>(r.height - txt_s.height) / 2 }, str, color);
 				}

 				void trigger::_m_draw_pos(drawing_basis & dbasis, graph_reference graph, int x, int y, int number, bool primary, bool sel)
@@ -315,11 +306,13 @@ namespace nana
 					drawing_basis dbasis;
 					_m_make_drawing_basis(dbasis, graph, refpos);

+					const char * monthstr[] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" };
+					::nana::internationalization i18n;
 					for(int y = 0; y < 3; ++y)
 						for(int x = 0; x < 4; ++x)
 						{
 							int index = x + y * 4;
-							_m_draw_pos(dbasis, graph, x, y, monthstr_[index], true, (chmonth_.year == chdate_.year) && (index + 1 == chdate_.month));
+							_m_draw_pos(dbasis, graph, x, y, i18n(monthstr[index]), true, (chmonth_.year == chdate_.year) && (index + 1 == chdate_.month));
 						}
 				}

@@ -417,7 +410,7 @@ namespace nana
 							r.x = static_cast<int>(newbuf.width() - r.width) / 2;
 							r.y = static_cast<int>(newbuf.height() - r.height) / 2;

-							dzbuf.rectangle(0xFFFFFF, true);
+							dzbuf.rectangle(true, colors::white);
 							dirtybuf.stretch(dzbuf, r);

 							r.width = static_cast<int>(newbuf.width() + delta * (count - i));
@@ -451,7 +444,7 @@ namespace nana
 							r.height = static_cast<int>(newbuf.height() - delta_h * (count - i));
 							r.x = static_cast<int>(newbuf.width() - r.width) / 2;
 							r.y = static_cast<int>(newbuf.height() - r.height) / 2;
-							nzbuf.rectangle(0xFFFFFF, true);
+							nzbuf.rectangle(true, colors::white);
 							newbuf.stretch(nzbuf, r);

 							nzbuf.blend(nzbuf.size(), dzbuf, nana::point(), fade * (count - i));
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::mouse_move(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
-					where pos = _m_pos_where(graph, arg.pos.x, arg.pos.y);
+					where pos = _m_pos_where(graph, arg.pos);
 					if(pos == pos_ && pos_ != where::textarea) return;
 					pos_ = pos;
 					_m_draw(graph);
@@ -495,7 +488,7 @@ namespace nana
 				void trigger::mouse_up(graph_reference graph, const arg_mouse& arg)
 				{
 					bool redraw = true;
-					where pos = _m_pos_where(graph, arg.pos.x, arg.pos.y);
+					where pos = _m_pos_where(graph, arg.pos);
 					transform_action tfid = transform_action::none;

 					if(pos == where::topbar)
@@ -604,12 +597,12 @@ namespace nana
 							nana::point refpos(1, static_cast<int>(topbar_height) + 1);
 							nana::rectangle r(0, 0, graph.width() - 2, graph.height() - 2 - topbar_height);

-							nana::paint::graphics dirtybuf(r.width, r.height);
+							nana::paint::graphics dirtybuf({ r.width, r.height });
 							dirtybuf.bitblt(r, graph, refpos);

 							_m_draw(graph);

-							nana::paint::graphics gbuf(r.width, r.height);
+							nana::paint::graphics gbuf({ r.width, r.height });
 							gbuf.bitblt(r, graph, refpos);

 							_m_perf_transform(tfid, graph, dirtybuf, gbuf, refpos);
@@ -665,11 +658,5 @@ namespace nana
 			get_drawer_trigger().week_name(index, str);
 			API::refresh_window(*this);
 		}
-
-		void date_chooser::monthstr(unsigned index, const nana::string& str)
-		{
-			get_drawer_trigger().month_name(index, str);
-			API::refresh_window(*this);
-		}
 	//end class date_chooser
 }//end namespace nana
--- a/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/float_listbox.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 *	A float_listbox Implementation
 *	Nana C++ Library(http://www.nanapro.org)
- *	Copyright(C) 2003-2014 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
+ *	Copyright(C) 2003-2015 Jinhao(cnjinhao@hotmail.com)
 *
 *	Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
 *	(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ namespace nana
 	namespace drawerbase{
 		namespace float_listbox
 		{
-			//class item_renderer
-				item_renderer::~item_renderer(){}
-			//end class item_renderer
-
 			class def_item_renderer
 				: public item_renderer
 			{
@@ -36,26 +32,29 @@ namespace nana

 				void render(widget_reference, graph_reference graph, const nana::rectangle& r, const item_interface* item, state_t state)
 				{
-					if(state == StateHighlighted)
+					if (state == StateHighlighted)
 					{
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0xAFC7E3, false);
+						::nana::color clr{ 0xaf, 0xc7, 0xe3 };
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, clr);

-						graph.set_pixel(r.x, r.y, 0xFFFFFF);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y, 0xFFFFFF);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x, r.y + r.height - 1, 0xFFFFFF);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y + r.height - 1, 0xFFFFFF);
+						graph.set_color(colors::white);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x, r.y);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x, r.y + r.height - 1);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y + r.height - 1);

-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + 1, r.y + 1, 0xAFC7E3);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 2, r.y + 1, 0xAFC7E3);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + 1, r.y + r.height - 2, 0xAFC7E3);
-						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 2, r.y + r.height - 2, 0xAFC7E3);
+						graph.set_color(clr);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + 1, r.y + 1);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 2, r.y + 1);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + 1, r.y + r.height - 2);
+						graph.set_pixel(r.x + r.width - 2, r.y + r.height - 2);

 						nana::rectangle po_r(r);
-						graph.rectangle(po_r.pare_off(1), 0xEBF4FB, false);
-						graph.shadow_rectangle(po_r.pare_off(1), 0xDDECFD, 0xC2DCFD, true);
+						graph.rectangle(po_r.pare_off(1), false, { 0xEB, 0xF4, 0xFB });
+						graph.gradual_rectangle(po_r.pare_off(1), { 0xDD, 0xEC, 0xFD }, { 0xC2, 0xDC, 0xFD }, true);
 					}
 					else
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0xFFFFFF, true);
+						graph.rectangle(r, true, colors::white);
 					
 					int x = r.x + 2;
 					if(image_enabled_)
@@ -100,7 +99,8 @@ namespace nana
 						}
 						x += (image_pixels_ + 2);
 					}
-					graph.string(x, r.y + 2, 0x0, item->text());
+					graph.set_text_color(colors::black);
+					graph.string({ x, r.y + 2 }, item->text());
 				}

 				unsigned item_pixels(graph_reference graph) const
@@ -109,12 +109,6 @@ namespace nana
 				}
 			};//end class item_renderer

-			//struct module_def
-				module_def::module_def()
-					:max_items(10), index(npos)
-				{}
-			//end struct module_def
-
 			//class drawer_impl
 			class drawer_impl
 			{
@@ -248,7 +242,7 @@ namespace nana
 					if(wd)
 					{
 						widget_ = wd;
-						wd->events().mouse_wheel.connect([this](const arg_wheel& arg){
+						wd->events().mouse_wheel.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_wheel& arg){
 							scroll_items(arg.upwards);
 						});
 					}
@@ -339,11 +333,11 @@ namespace nana
 						_m_open_scrollbar(*widget_, pages);
 					}
 					else
-						graph_->string(4, 4, 0x808080, STR("Empty Listbox, No Module!"));
+						graph_->string({ 4, 4 }, STR("Empty Listbox, No Module!"), {0x80, 0x80, 0x80});

 					//Draw border
-					graph_->rectangle(0x0, false);
-					graph_->rectangle(nana::rectangle(graph_->size()).pare_off(1), 0xFFFFFF, false);
+					graph_->rectangle(false, colors::black);
+					graph_->rectangle(nana::rectangle(graph_->size()).pare_off(1), false, colors::white);
 				}
 			private:
 				bool _m_image_enabled() const
--- a/source/gui/widgets/form.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/form.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ namespace nana
 		namespace form
 		{
 		//class trigger
-			trigger::trigger():wd_(nullptr){}
-
 			void trigger::attached(widget_reference widget, graph_reference graph)
 			{
 				wd_ = &widget;
@@ -27,13 +25,7 @@ namespace nana

 			void trigger::refresh(graph_reference graph)
 			{
-				graph.rectangle(API::background(*wd_), true);
-			}
-
-			void trigger::resized(graph_reference graph, const arg_resized&)
-			{
-				graph.rectangle(API::background(*wd_), true);
-				API::lazy_refresh();
+				graph.rectangle(true, API::bgcolor(*wd_));
 			}
 		}//end namespace form
 	}//end namespace drawerbase
@@ -57,6 +49,16 @@ namespace nana
 		form::form(window owner, const rectangle& r, const appearance& apr)
 			: form_base_t(owner, false, r, apr)
 		{}
+
+		void form::modality() const
+		{
+			API::modal_window(handle());
+		}
+
+		void form::wait_for_this()
+		{
+			API::wait_for(handle());
+		}
 	//end class form

 	//class nested_form
--- a/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/label.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace nana
 					return true;
 				}

-				void render(graph_reference graph, nana::color_t fgcolor, align th, align_v tv)
+				void render(graph_reference graph, const ::nana::color& fgcolor, align th, align_v tv)
 				{
 					traceable_.clear();

@@ -161,18 +161,18 @@ namespace nana
 					return false;
 				}

-				nana::size measure(graph_reference graph, unsigned limited, align th, align_v tv)
+				::nana::size measure(graph_reference graph, unsigned limited, align th, align_v tv)
 				{
-					nana::size retsize;
+					::nana::size retsize;

-					nana::paint::font ft = graph.typeface();	//used for restoring the font
+					auto ft = graph.typeface();	//used for restoring the font

 					const unsigned def_line_pixels = graph.text_extent_size(STR(" "), 1).height;

 					font_ = ft;
 					fblock_ = nullptr;

-					_m_set_default(ft, 0);
+					_m_set_default(ft, colors::black);
 					_m_measure(graph);

 					render_status rs;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace nana
 					}
 				}

-				void _m_set_default(const nana::paint::font& ft, nana::color_t fgcolor)
+				void _m_set_default(const ::nana::paint::font& ft, const ::nana::color& fgcolor)
 				{
 					def_.font_name = ft.name();
 					def_.font_size = ft.size();
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ namespace nana
 					def_.fgcolor = fgcolor;
 				}

-				nana::color_t _m_fgcolor(nana::widgets::skeletons::fblock* fp)
+				const ::nana::color& _m_fgcolor(nana::widgets::skeletons::fblock* fp)
 				{
-					while(fp->fgcolor == 0xFFFFFFFF)
+					while(fp->fgcolor.invisible())
 					{
 						fp = fp->parent;
 						if(nullptr == fp)
@@ -562,12 +562,12 @@ namespace nana

 							if (text_range.second == data_ptr->text().length())
 							{
-								graph.string(rs.pos.x, y, _m_fgcolor(fblock_ptr), data_ptr->text());
+								graph.string({ rs.pos.x, y }, data_ptr->text(), _m_fgcolor(fblock_ptr));
 							}
 							else
 							{
 								nana::string str = data_ptr->text().substr(text_range.first, text_range.second);
-								graph.string(rs.pos.x, y, _m_fgcolor(fblock_ptr), str);
+								graph.string({ rs.pos.x, y }, str, _m_fgcolor(fblock_ptr));
 								sz = graph.text_extent_size(str);
 							}
 							_m_inser_if_traceable(rs.pos.x, y, sz, fblock_ptr);
@@ -600,16 +600,16 @@ namespace nana
 			private:
 				dstream dstream_;
 				bool format_enabled_ = false;
-				nana::widgets::skeletons::fblock * fblock_ = nullptr;
+				::nana::widgets::skeletons::fblock * fblock_ = nullptr;
 				std::deque<traceable> traceable_;

-				nana::paint::font font_;
+				::nana::paint::font font_;
 				struct def_font_tag
 				{
-					nana::string font_name;
+					::nana::string font_name;
 					std::size_t font_size;
 					bool	font_bold;
-					nana::color_t fgcolor;
+					::nana::color fgcolor;
 				}def_;
 			};

@@ -748,9 +748,9 @@ namespace nana

 					window wd = impl_->wd->handle();
 					if(bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(wd))
-						graph.rectangle(API::background(wd), true);
+						graph.rectangle(true, API::bgcolor(wd));

-					impl_->renderer.render(graph, impl_->wd->foreground(), impl_->text_align, impl_->text_align_v);
+					impl_->renderer.render(graph, API::fgcolor(wd), impl_->text_align, impl_->text_align_v);
 				}

 			//end class label_drawer
@@ -831,12 +831,20 @@ namespace nana
 			if(graph_ptr->empty())
 			{
 				graph_ptr = &substitute;
-				graph_ptr->make(10, 10);
+				graph_ptr->make({ 10, 10 });
 			}

 			return impl->renderer.measure(*graph_ptr, limited, impl->text_align, impl->text_align_v);
 		}

+		::nana::size label::measure(paint::graphics& graph, const ::nana::string& str, unsigned allowed_width_in_pixel, bool format_enabled, align h_align, align_v v_align)
+		{
+			drawerbase::label::renderer rd;
+			rd.format(format_enabled);
+			rd.parse(str);
+			return rd.measure(graph, allowed_width_in_pixel, h_align, v_align);
+		}
+
 		label& label::text_align(align th, align_v tv)
 		{
 			internal_scope_guard isg;
--- a/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/listbox.cpp
--- a/source/gui/widgets/menu.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/menu.cpp
@@ -105,38 +105,42 @@ namespace nana
 					nana::size sz = graph.size();
 					sz.width -= 30;
 					sz.height -= 2;
-					graph.rectangle(color::gray_border, false);
-					graph.rectangle(1, 1, 28, sz.height, 0xF6F6F6, true);
-					graph.rectangle(29, 1, sz.width, sz.height, 0xFFFFFF, true);
+					graph.rectangle(false, colors::gray_border);
+					graph.rectangle({ 1, 1, 28, sz.height }, true, { 0xf6, 0xf6, 0xf6 });
+					graph.rectangle({ 29, 1, sz.width, sz.height }, true, colors::white);
 				}

 				void item(graph_reference graph, const nana::rectangle& r, const attr& at)
 				{
 					if(at.item_state == state::active)
 					{
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0xA8D8EB, false);
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, {0xa8, 0xd8, 0xeb});
 						nana::point points[4] = {
 							nana::point(r.x, r.y),
 							nana::point(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y),
 							nana::point(r.x, r.y + r.height - 1),
 							nana::point(r.x + r.width - 1, r.y + r.height - 1)
 						};
+
+						graph.set_color({0xc0, 0xdd, 0xfc});
 						for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
-							graph.set_pixel(points[i].x, points[i].y, 0xC0DDFC);
+							graph.set_pixel(points[i].x, points[i].y);

 						if(at.enabled)
-							graph.shadow_rectangle(nana::rectangle(r).pare_off(1), 0xE8F0F4, 0xDBECF4, true);
+							graph.gradual_rectangle(nana::rectangle(r).pare_off(1), { 0xE8, 0xF0, 0xF4 }, { 0xDB,0xEC,0xF4 }, true);
 					}

 					if(at.checked && (checks::none != at.check_style))
 					{
-						graph.rectangle(r, 0xCDD3E6, false);
-						graph.rectangle(nana::rectangle(r).pare_off(1), 0xE6EFF4, true);
+						graph.rectangle(r, false, { 0xCD, 0xD3, 0xE6 });
+
+						::nana::color clr(0xE6, 0xEF, 0xF4);
+						graph.rectangle(nana::rectangle(r).pare_off(1), true, clr);

 						nana::rectangle crook_r = r;
 						crook_r.width = 16;
 						crook_.radio(at.check_style == checks::option);
-						crook_.draw(graph, 0xE6EFF4, 0x0, crook_r, element_state::normal);  
+						crook_.draw(graph, clr, colors::black, crook_r, element_state::normal);
 					}
 				}

@@ -147,24 +151,22 @@ namespace nana

 				void item_text(graph_reference graph, const nana::point& pos, const nana::string& text, unsigned text_pixels, const attr& at)
 				{
+					graph.set_color(at.enabled ? colors::black : colors::gray_border);
 					nana::paint::text_renderer tr(graph);
-					tr.render(pos.x, pos.y, (at.enabled ? 0x0 : nana::color::gray_border), text.c_str(), text.length(), text_pixels, true);
+					tr.render(pos, text.c_str(), text.length(), text_pixels, true);
 				}

 				void sub_arrow(graph_reference graph, const nana::point& pos, unsigned pixels, const attr&)
 				{
-					nana::paint::gadget::arrow_16_pixels(graph, pos.x, pos.y + static_cast<int>(pixels - 16) / 2, 0x0, 0, nana::paint::gadget::directions::to_east);
+					facade<element::arrow> arrow("hollow_triangle");
+					arrow.direction(::nana::direction::east);
+					arrow.draw(graph, {}, colors::black, { pos.x, pos.y + static_cast<int>(pixels - 16) / 2, 16, 16 }, element_state::normal);
 				}

 			private:
 				facade<element::crook> crook_;
 			};

-			//class renderer_interface
-				renderer_interface::~renderer_interface()
-				{}
-			//end class renderer_interface
-
 			class menu_builder
 				: noncopyable
 			{
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ namespace nana

 				menu_builder()
 				{
-					root_.max_pixels = API::screen_size().width * 2 / 3;
+					root_.max_pixels = screen::primary_monitor_size().width * 2 / 3;
 					root_.item_pixels = 24;
 					renderer_ = pat::cloneable<renderer_interface>(internal_renderer());
 				}
@@ -537,7 +539,7 @@ namespace nana
 							renderer->item(*graph_, item_r, attr);

 							//Draw text, the text is transformed from orignal for hotkey character
-							nana::string::value_type hotkey;
+							nana::char_t hotkey;
 							nana::string::size_type hotkey_pos;
 							nana::string text = API::transform_shortkey_text(m.text, hotkey, &hotkey_pos);

@@ -555,7 +557,9 @@ namespace nana
 									nana::size hotkey_size = graph_->text_extent_size(text.c_str() + hotkey_pos, 1);
 									int x = item_r.x + 40 + off_w;
 									int y = item_r.y + text_top_off + hotkey_size.height;
-									graph_->line(x, y, x + hotkey_size.width - 1, y, 0x0);
+
+									graph_->set_color(colors::black);
+									graph_->line({ x, y }, { x + static_cast<int>(hotkey_size.width) - 1, y });
 								}
 							}

@@ -566,7 +570,8 @@ namespace nana
 						}
 						else
 						{
-							graph_->line(item_r.x + 40, item_r.y, graph_->width() - 1, item_r.y, nana::color::gray_border);
+							graph_->set_color(colors::gray_border);
+							graph_->line({ item_r.x + 40, item_r.y }, { static_cast<int>(graph_->width()) - 1, item_r.y });
 							item_r.y += 2;
 						}

@@ -654,7 +659,7 @@ namespace nana
 					API::calc_screen_point(*widget_, pos);

 					//get the screen coordinates of the widget pos.
-					auto scr_area = API::screen_area_from_point(detail_.monitor_pos);
+					auto scr_area = screen::from_point(detail_.monitor_pos)->area();

 					if(pos.x + size.width > scr_area.x + scr_area.width)
 						pos.x = static_cast<int>(scr_area.x + scr_area.width - size.width);
@@ -736,21 +741,21 @@ namespace nana
 						API::register_menu_window(this->handle(), !owner_menubar);
 					}

-					events().destroy.connect([this]{
+					events().destroy.connect_unignorable([this]{
 						_m_destroy();
 					});

-					events().key_press.connect([this](const arg_keyboard& arg){
+					events().key_press.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_keyboard& arg){
 						_m_key_down(arg);
 					});

-					events().mouse_up.connect([this]{
+					events().mouse_up.connect_unignorable([this]{
 						pick();
 					});

 					if (want_focus_)
 					{
-						event_focus_ = events().focus.connect([this](const arg_focus& arg)
+						event_focus_ = events().focus.connect_unignorable([this](const arg_focus& arg)
 						{
 							_m_focus_changed(arg);
 						});
@@ -988,7 +993,7 @@ namespace nana
 				void _m_make_mouse_event()
 				{
 					state_.mouse_pos = API::cursor_position();
-					events().mouse_move.connect([this]{
+					events().mouse_move.connect_unignorable([this]{
 						_m_mouse_event();
 					});
 				}
@@ -1319,7 +1324,7 @@ namespace nana
 			{
 				close();
 				impl_->uiobj = &(form_loader<drawerbase::menu::menu_window, false>()(wd, point(x, y), &(*impl_->mbuilder.renderer())));
-				impl_->uiobj->events().destroy.connect([this]{
+				impl_->uiobj->events().destroy.connect_unignorable([this]{
 					_m_destroy_menu_window();
 				});
 				impl_->uiobj->popup(impl_->mbuilder.data(), called_by_menubar);
--- a/source/gui/widgets/menubar.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/menubar.cpp
@@ -100,38 +100,39 @@ namespace nana

 				void item_renderer::background(const nana::point& pos, const nana::size& size, state_t state)
 				{
-					nana::color_t bground = API::background(handle_);
-					nana::color_t border, body, corner;
+					auto bground = API::fgcolor(handle_);
+					::nana::color border, body, corner;

 					switch(state)
 					{
 					case item_renderer::state_highlight:
-						border = nana::color::highlight;
-						body = 0xC0DDFC;
-						corner = paint::graphics::mix(body, bground, 0.5);
+						border = colors::highlight;
+						body.from_rgb(0xC0, 0xDD, 0xFC);
+						corner = body.blend(bground, 0.5);
 						break;
 					case item_renderer::state_selected:
-						border = nana::color::dark_border;
-						body = 0xFFFFFF;
-						corner = paint::graphics::mix(border, bground, 0.5);
+						border = colors::dark_border;
+						body = colors::white;
+						corner = body.blend(bground, 0.5);
 						break;
 					default:	//Don't process other states.
 						return;
 					}

 					nana::rectangle r(pos, size);
-					graph_.rectangle(r, border, false);
+					graph_.rectangle(r, false, border);

-					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x, pos.y, corner);
-					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x + size.width - 1, pos.y, corner);
-					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x, pos.y + size.height - 1, corner);
-					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x + size.width - 1, pos.y + size.height - 1, corner);
-					graph_.rectangle(r.pare_off(1), body, true);
+					graph_.set_color(corner);
+					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x, pos.y);
+					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x + size.width - 1, pos.y);
+					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x, pos.y + size.height - 1);
+					graph_.set_pixel(pos.x + size.width - 1, pos.y + size.height - 1);
+					graph_.rectangle(r.pare_off(1), true, body);
 				}

 				void item_renderer::caption(int x, int y, const nana::string& text)
 				{
-					graph_.string(x, y, 0x0, text);
+					graph_.string({ x, y }, text, colors::black);
 				}
 			//end class item_renderer

@@ -508,8 +509,8 @@ namespace nana

 				void trigger::_m_draw()
 				{
-					nana::color_t bground_color = API::background(*widget_);
-					graph_->rectangle(bground_color, true);
+					auto bgcolor = API::bgcolor(*widget_);
+					graph_->rectangle(true, bgcolor);

 					item_renderer ird(*widget_, *graph_);

@@ -538,8 +539,8 @@ namespace nana
 						{
 							int x = item_pos.x + item_s.width;
 							int y1 = item_pos.y + 2, y2 = item_pos.y + item_s.height - 1;
-							graph_->line(x, y1, x, y2, paint::graphics::mix(color::gray_border, bground_color, 0.6));
-							graph_->line(x + 1, y1, x + 1, y2, paint::graphics::mix(color::button_face_shadow_end, bground_color, 0.5));
+							graph_->line({ x, y1 }, { x, y2 }, bgcolor.blend(colors::gray_border, 0.4));
+							graph_->line({ x + 1, y1 }, { x + 1, y2 }, bgcolor.blend(colors::button_face_shadow_end, 0.5));
 						}

 						//Draw text, the text is transformed from orignal for hotkey character
@@ -555,7 +556,7 @@ namespace nana
 							graph_->text_metrics(ascent, descent, inleading);
 							int x = item_pos.x + 8 + off_w;
 							int y = item_pos.y + text_top_off + ascent + 1;
-							graph_->line(x, y, x + hotkey_size.width - 1, y, 0x0);
+							graph_->line({ x, y }, { x + static_cast<int>(hotkey_size.width) - 1, y }, ::nana::colors::black);
 						}

 						item_pos.x += i->size.width;
--- a/source/gui/widgets/panel.cpp
+++ b/source/gui/widgets/panel.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ namespace nana
 		namespace panel
 		{
 		//class drawer
-			drawer::drawer()
-				:window_(nullptr)
-			{}
-
 			void drawer::attached(widget_reference widget, graph_reference)
 			{
 				widget.caption(STR("Nana Panel"));
@@ -33,7 +29,7 @@ namespace nana
 			void drawer::refresh(graph_reference graph)
 			{
 				if(bground_mode::basic != API::effects_bground_mode(window_))
-					graph.rectangle(API::background(window_), true);
+					graph.rectangle(true, API::bgcolor(window_));
 			}
 			//end class drawer
 		}//end namespace panel
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More